GB/T 22905-2008 PDF in English
GB/T 22905-2008 (GB/T22905-2008, GBT 22905-2008, GBT22905-2008)
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Superabsorbent polymer for diaper
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GB/T 22905-2008: PDF in English (GBT 22905-2008) GB/T 22905-2008
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 85.080
Y 39
Superabsorbent polymer for diaper
纸尿裤高吸收性树脂
ISSUED ON. DECEMBER 30, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON. SEPTEMBER 01, 2009
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Requirements ... 4
3 Test methods ... 4
4 Inspection rules ... 5
5 Marks, packaging, transport, storage ... 5
Annex A (normative) Determination of residual monomer (acrylic acid) ... 7
Annex B (normative) Determination of volatile matter content ... 9
Annex C (normative) Determination of pH ... 11
Annex D (normative) Determination of particle size distribution ... 12
Annex E (normative) Determination of density ... 14
Annex F (normative) Determinations of absorption and water retention ... 16
Annex G (normative) Determination of pressure absorption ... 18
Foreword
Annex A, Annex B, Annex C, Annex D, Annex E, Annex F, Annex G of this
Standard are normative.
This Standard was proposed by China Light Industry Federation.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee
on Paper Industry of Standardization Administration of China.
Main drafting organizations of this Standard. China Pulp and Paper Research
Institute, Jinan Haoyue Suction Material Co., Ltd., National Paper Quality
Supervision and Inspection Center.
The drafting organizations of this Standard. Sanda Fine Chemicals (Nantong)
Co., Ltd., BASF (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Formosa Plastics Resin (Ningbo)
Co., Ltd., Kimberly (China) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou P&G Co., Ltd., Fujian Hengan
Group Co., Ltd., Evonik Degussa (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Kao (China)
Investment Co., Ltd., Ritong Chemical (Zhangjiagang) Co., Ltd., Quanzhou
Banglida Technology Industrial Co., Ltd., You Nijia Daily Necessities (China)
Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this Standard. Gao Jun, Yang Zhiliang, Zhou Junfeng.
Superabsorbent polymer for diaper
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the requirements, test methods, inspection rules and
marks, packaging, transport, storage for superabsorbent polymer of
polyacrylate for diaper.
This Standard is applicable to superabsorbent polymer of polyacrylate for all
kinds of baby diapers (pieces), adult incontinence products.
2 Requirements
2.1 The technical indicators of superabsorbent polymer for diaper shall comply
with the provisions of Table 1 or the contract.
Table 1
Name of indicator Unit Requirements
Residual monomer (acrylic acid) ≤ mg/kg 1800
Volatile matter content ≤ % 10.0
pH - 4.0~8.0
Particle size distribution < 106µm ≤ % 10.0 where < 45µm ≤ 1.0
Density g/cm3 0.3~0.9
Absorption ≥ g/g 40.0
Water retention ≥ g/g 20.0
Pressure absorption ≥ g/g 10.0
2.2 Product appearance shall be uniform in color.
3 Test methods
3.1 Residual monomer (acrylic acid) is determined according to Annex A.
3.2 Volatile matter content is determined according to Annex B.
3.3 pH is determined according to Annex C.
3.4 Particle size distribution is determined according to Annex D.
3.5 Density is determined according to Annex E.
3.6 Appearance. place the specimen under normal light for visual inspection.
3.7 The amount of absorption and water retention are determined according to
Annex F.
3.8 The amount of pressure absorption is determined according to Annex G.
4 Inspection rules
4.1 The production batch of one time is a batch.
4.2 Perform sampling evenly from the same batch and not less than 3
packaging bags. The sampling amount shall be 1 kg.
4.3 The product shall be inspected according to this Standard or contract before
leaving the factory. If there is a non-conformity after inspection, the sampling
shall be doubled and the unqualified item shall be re-inspected. The results of
re-inspection shall be the final inspection results.
4.4 The supplier (hereinafter referred to as the supplier) shall ensure that the
product quality complies with this Standard or the contract. Product quality
certificate shall be attached to the delivery.
4.5 The purchaser (hereinafter referred to as the purchaser) has the right to
inspect the product in accordance with this Standard or the contract. If there is
any objection to the quality of the product, the supplier shall be notified within
one month of arrival (or as specified in the contract). The supplier shall handle
it in time. If necessary, the sampling shall be performed by the supplier and the
purchaser together for the re-inspection. If the re-inspection result does not
comply with this Standard or the contract, it is determined as unqualified and
shall be handled by the supplier. If the re-inspection result meets the
requirements of this Standard or the contract, it shall be determined as qualified
and shall be handled by the purchaser. If the two parties still have disputes over
the results of the re-inspection, they shall submit to the higher-level testing
institutions approved by both parties for arbitration. The arbitration results shall
be as the basis for final determination.
5 Marks, packaging, transport, storage
5.1 The product marks, packaging shall be performed according to 5.2 or the
contract.
5.2 Products shall be packaged in bags with lined plastic film. The packaging
bag shall have sufficient strength to ensure that it shall not break or fall off during
use. Each batch of products shall be accompanied by a quality certificate,
indicating manufacturer's name, product name, trademark, date of production,
packaging quantity, inspection result and standard number used.
5.3 During product transport, it shall use rainproof, moisture proof, clean
transportation tools. Do not transport together with contaminated items.
5.4 The product shall not be dropped from a height or rolled in place during
handling.
5.5 The product shall be stored in a cool, ventilated and dry warehouse to
prevent the effects of rain, snow and ground moisture.
Annex A
(normative)
Determination of residual monomer (acrylic acid)
A.1 Apparatus and reagents
A.1.1 Beaker (with lid), with a capacity around 300mL.
A.1.2 Magnetic stirrer and stirring magnet.
A.1.3 Funnel and filter paper.
A.1.4 High performance liquid chromatography.
A.1.5 UV detector.
A.1.6 Chromatographic column, of which a programmed temperature of 5.5 min
or more shall be used.
A.1.7 100μL micro syringe.
A.1.8 Filter membrane filter, pore size of 0.45μm, for water system.
A.1.9 Electronic balance, with a resolution of 0.001g.
A.1.10 Saline, with a concentration of 0.9%.
A.1.11 Acrylic, excellent grade pure.
A.1.12 Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), excellent grade pure.
A.2 Measuring steps
A.2.1 Extraction of residual monomer (acrylic acid)
Weigh 1 g of specimen, to the nearest of 0.001 g. Pour into beaker. Then add
200 mL of saline of which the concentration is 0.9% (A.1.10). Put it back into
the rotor and cover it. Use the magnetic stirrer (A.1.2) to stir 1h. Use filter paper
(A.1.3) to filter. Use the filtrate as test solution.
A.2.2 Standard curve
Determine the peak area of the acrylic acid solution with a known concentration.
Draw a standard curve with the acrylic acid concentration as the abscissa and
the peak area as the ordinate.
A.2.3 Specimen determination
Use the micro syringe (A.1.7) to inject the testing solution into the high
performance liquid chromatography (A.1.4) through the filter membrane filter
(A.1.8). Determine according to the following conditions. Calculate the peak
area.
Conditions for determination.
Mobile phase. 0.1% H3PO4 aqueous solution;
Flow. 1.0mL/min ~ 2.0mL/min;
Injection volume. 20µL ~ 100µL;
UV detector (A.1.5). detection wavelength is 210nm.
A.3 Representation of results
According to the peak area and standard curve of the testing solution, calculate
the residual monomer (acrylic acid) content in the specimen according to
formula (A.1), to the nearest of the first place after the decimal point.
Where,
X - Residual monomer (acrylic acid) content, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg);
c - Acetic acid concentration obtained from the standard curve, in milligrams per
liter (mg/L);
m - Mass of weighed specimen, in grams (g).
Annex B
(normative)
Determination of volatile matter content
B.1 Apparatus and reagents
B.1.1 Oven, which can keep the temperature at 105°C ± 2°C.
B.1.2 Dryer.
B.1.3 Electronic balance, with a resolution of 0.001g.
B.1.4 Specimen container, for specimen transfer and weighing. This container
is made of a lightweight material that is water-resistant and resistant to changes
under test conditions.
B.2 Measuring steps
B.2.1 Weigh 5 g of specimen, to the nearest of 0.001 g. Load into the container
(B.1.4) with a constant weight. Place the container that has contained the
specimen into the (105±2)°C oven (B.1.1), drying for 4h. And open the lid of the
weighing container and dry it together. When the drying is finished, the lid of the
container shall be covered in the oven. Then move into the dryer (B.1.2) to cool.
Weigh the container and the specimen mass after 30 min.
B.2.2 Repeat the above steps by moving the weighing container into the oven
again. Drying time between two consecutive weighings shall be no less than 1h.
When the difference between two consecutive weighings is not more than 0.2%
of the original mass of the specimen, it can be determined that the specimen
reaches a constant weight.
B.3 Representation of results
B.3.1 Calculation of volatile matter content
The volatile matter content can be calculated according to formula (B.1).
Where,
X - Volatile matter content, %;
m1 - Mass of specimen before drying, in grams (g);
m2 - Mass of specimen after drying, in grams (g).
B.3.2 Representation of results
Simultaneously perform two measurements. Take the arithmetic mean as the
measurement result, and round up to the integer position. The error between
the two measurements shall not exceed 0.2% (absolute value).
Annex C
(normative)
Determination of pH
C.1 Apparatus and reagents
C.1.1 Electronic balance, with a resolution of 0.001g.
C.1.2 Measuring cylinder, with a resolution of 100mL.
C.1.3 Magnetic stirrer.
C.1.4 pH meter.
C.1.5 Saline, with a concentration of 0.9%.
C.2 Measuring steps
C.2.1 Use measuring cylinder (C.1.2) to accurately measure 100 mL of saline
(C.1.5). Pour into a 150mL beaker. And place on the magnetic stirrer (C.1.3) for
moderate stirring. Avoid bubbles in the solution during the mixing process.
C.2.2 Use the electronic balance (C.1.1) to weigh 0.5 g of specimen, to the
nearest of 0.001 g. Slowly add the weighed specimen into the beaker. After
moderate stirring for 10 min, remove the beaker from the magnetic stirrer and
stop stirring. Place still for 8 min so as to precipitate suspended resin.
C.2.3 According to the instrument instructions, use buffer solution to adjust pH
meter (C.1.4). The pH composite electrode is then slowly inserted into the
solution above the precipitated specimen. Read the pH meter value after 2 min.
In order to prevent contamination of the electrode, the electrode shall not touch
the specimen. After reading the indication, remove the electrode and rinse
thoroughly with deionized water, then immerse it in the electrode protection
buffer solution.
C.3 Representation of measurement results
The measurement results are read directly from the pH meter. Simultaneously
perform the two measurements. Take the average of two measurements as the
measurement result. The result is rounded to one decimal place.
Annex D
(normative)
Determination of particle size distribution
D.1 Apparatus and reagents
D.1.1 Electronic balance, with a resolution of 0.01g.
D.1.2 Screen vibrator, with an amplitude of 1mm, with a frequency of 1400r/min.
D.1.3 Screen, using standard sieves with mesh sizes of 45μm and 106μm.
D.1.4 Receiving base plate and cover.
D.1.5 Brush.
D.2 Measuring steps
D.2.1 Clean the screen (D.1.3) before each use. Check the entire surface of the
screen under the light source. Check the damage of each screen. If any cracks
or holes are found, discard the damaged screen and replace it with a new one.
If the screen is not clean, it needs to be cleaned.
D.2.2 Lay the screen on the screen vibrator (D.1.2). Place the receiving base
plate (D.1.4) at the bottom. Stack the sieves from top to bottom in the order of
106μm to 45μm. Weigh 100g of specimen with a 250mL glass beaker, to the
nearest of 0.01g. Pour the specimen gently into the top of the sieve. Cover with
the cover (D.1.4) and start the screen vibrator to vibrate for 10min. Then
carefully remove the screen. Weigh the 45μm screen and the mass of the
specimen on the receiving base plate. Ventilation airflow shall be avoided
during the measurement. Use the brush (D.1.5) to collect the lower part of the
sieve into the waste dish and clean the screen.
D.3 Representation of measurement results
The particle size distribution can be calculated according to formula (D.1) and
formula (D.2).
Where,
X1 - Content below 106μm, %;
X2 - Content below 45μm, %;
m1 - Total mass of specimen, in grams;
m2 - The mass of the specimen remaining on the 45μm sieve, in grams (g);
m3 - The mass of the specimen remaining on the receiving base plate, in grams
(g).
Simultaneously perform the two measurements. Take the arithmetic mean as
the measurement result, the result is rounded to one decimal place.
Annex E
(normative)
Determination of density
E.1 Apparatus and reagents
E.1.1 Densitometer.
E.1.2 Funnel, with a capacity greater than 120mL, with perforated throttling
damping or baffle, inner diameter of the orifice 10.00mm ± 0.01mm.
E.1.3 Density cup, with a cup capacity of 100cm3±0.5cm3.
E.1.4 Electronic balance, with a resolution of 0.01g.
E.2 Measuring steps
E.2.1 Place the densitometer (E.1.1) on the platform. Adjust the screws on the
three feet to keep them horizontal. Place the washed and dried funnel (E.1.2)
vertically at a height of 40mm ± 1mm above the center of the density cup (E.1.3)
to ensure the funnel level. Weigh the mass of the empty density cup m1, to the
nearest of 0.01g. Then place the weighed empty density cup directly below the
funnel.
E.2.2 Weigh about 120g of specimen and gently add it to the funnel. The orifice
throttling damping or baffle under the funnel is closed. Quickly open the orifice
throttling damping or baffle under the funnel to allow the specimen inside the
funnel to fall naturally. Use a glass rod to scrape off the excess specimen on
the top of the density cup. Do not tap or shake the density cup. Weigh the mass
of the density cup that contains the specimen m2, to the nearest of 0.01g.
E.3 Representation of measurement results
The density can be calculated according to formula (E.1).
Where,
ρ - The density, in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3);
m1 - The mass of the empty density cup, in grams (g);
m2 - The mass of the density cup that contains the specimen, in grams;
V - The volume of the density cup, in cubic centimeter (cm3).
Simultaneously perform the two measurements. Take the arithmetic mean as
the measurement result, the result is rounded to one decimal place.
Annex F
(normative)
Determinations of absorption and water retention
F.1 Apparatus and reagents
F.1.1 Electronic balance, with a resolution of 0.001g.
F.1.2 Paper tea bag, with a size of 60mm × 85mm, a gas permeability of
(230±50) L/(min·100cm2) (pressure difference of 124Pa).
F.1.3 Clip, for fixing the tea bag.
F.1.4 Centrifugal dewatering machine, with a diameter of 200mm and a speed
of 1500 r/min (which can generate a centrifugal force of about 250g).
F.1.5 Saline, with a concentration of 0.9%.
F.2 Measuring steps
F.2.1 Determination of absorption
F.2.1.1 Weigh 0.2g of specimen, to the nearest of 0.001g. Record this mass as
m. Pour this specimen into the bottom of the tea bag (F.1.2). The specimen
attached to the inside of the tea bag shall also be poured into the bottom of the
tea bag.
F.2.1.2 Seal the tea bag. Soak in a beaker containing a sufficient amount of 0.9%
saline (F.1.5). The soaking time is 30min.
F.2.1.3 Gently pour out the tea bag that contains the specimen. Use the clip
(F.1.3) to hang up. Drip water at rest for 10 min. When multiple tea bags are
hung at the same time, note that the tea bags shall not touch each other.
F.2.1.4 After 10 minutes, weigh the mass of the tea bag that contains the
specimen m1.
F.2.1.5 Use the tea bag that does not have the specimen for the determination
of blank value. Weigh the mass of the tea bag of the blank test. Record this
mass as m2.
F.2.2 Determination of water retention
F.2.2.1 Perform the centrifugal dewatering the tea bag that contains the
specimen and the absorption amount has been measured for 3min under the
condition of 250 g of centrifugal force (see F.1.4).
F.2.2.2 After the dewatering finishes in 3min, weigh the mass of the tea bag that
contains the specimen. Record this mass as m3.
F.2.2.3 Use the tea bag that does not have the specimen to perform the
determination of blank value, simultaneously. Weigh the mass of the tea bag
for the blank test and record this mass as m4.
F.3 Representation of measurement results
The absorption and water retention amounts can be calculated according to
formula (F.1) and formula (F.2).
Where,
c1 - The absorption amount, in grams per gram (g/g);
c2 - The water retention amount, in grams per gram (g/g);
m - The mass of the weighed specimen, in grams (g);
m1 - The mass of the tea bag that contains the specimen, in grams (g);
m2 - The mass of the tea bag for the blank test, in grams (g);
m3 - The mass of the tea bag that contains the specimen after dewatering, in
grams (g);
m4 - The mass of the tea bag for the blank test after dewatering, in grams (g).
Simultaneously perform the two measurements. Take the arithmetic mean as
the measurement result, the result is rounded to one decimal place.
Annex G
(normative)
Determination of pressure absorption
G.1 Apparatus and reagents
G.1.1 Plastic drum with an inner diameter of 25mm, an outer diameter of 31mm,
a height of 32mm, and a 50μm nylon mesh on the bottom surface.
G.1.2 Plastic piston stuck with weight (2068Pa), drum type, with an outer
diameter of 25 mm, can be tightly connected with plastic drum (G.1.1), and can
move up and down freely.
G.1.3 Electronic balance, with a resolution of 0.001g.
G.1.4 Shallow base plate, with an inner diameter of 85mm, a height of 20mm,
and stuck with a metal wire with a diameter of 2mm, as shown in Figure G.1.
Figure G.1
G.1.5 Saline, with a concentration of 0.9%.
G.2 Measuring steps
G.2.1 The measurement shall be carried out at (23±2)°C.
G.2.2 Add 25g of standard physiological saline at a temperature of (23±2)°C to
the shallow base plate (G.1.4). Place this plate on the platform.
G.2.3 Weigh 0.160 g of specimen m1, to the nearest of 0.001 g. Load into the
plastic drum (G.1.1).
G.2.4 Place the plastic piston stuck with weight (G.1.2) into the plastic drum
that has loaded with testing specimen (G.1.1). Weigh its mass m2.
Plastic drum Below plastic drum Plastic drum weight
and plastic piston
Shallow base plate
Metal
G.2.5 Place the plastic drum that has loaded with testing specimen in the center
of the shallow base plate.
G.2.6 After 60min, lift the plastic drum out of the shallow base plate. Weigh the
mass of this drum m3.
G.3 Representation of measurement results
The pressure absorption amount can be calculated according to formula (G.1).
Where,
c - The pressure absorption amount, in grams per gram (g/g);
m1 - The mass of the weighed specimen, in grams (g);
m2 - The mass of plastic piston and plastic drum, in grams (g);
m3 - The mass of the plastic drum, plastic piston and specimen after pressure
absorption, in grams (g).
Simultaneously perform the two measurements. Take the arithmetic mean as
the measurement result, the result is rounded to one decimal place.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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