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GB/T 222: Evolution and historical versions
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 222-2025 | English | 245 |
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Steels and alloys - Permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical composition
| Valid |
| GB/T 222-2006 | English | 70 |
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Permissible tolerances for chemical composition of steel products
| Valid |
| GB/T 222-1984 | English | 279 |
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3 days
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Method of sampling steel for determination of chemical composition and permissible variations for product analysis
| Obsolete |
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GB/T 222-2025: Steels and alloys - Permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical composition
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT222-2025
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.080.20
CCS H 40
Replacing GB/T 222-2006, GB/T 25829-2010
Steels and alloys -- Permissible deviations of product
analyzed chemical composition
Issued on: AUGUST 29, 2025
Implemented on: DECEMBER 01, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative references... 4
3 Terms and definitions... 4
4 Sampling and sample preparation methods for product analysis... 5
5 Permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical composition... 5
Annex A (informative) Recommended permissible deviations in chemical composition
for large-section non-alloy steel, low-alloy steel, and alloy steel... 19
Foreword
This document was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020
"Directives for standardization - Part 1.Rules for the structure and drafting of
standardizing documents".
This document replaces GB/T 222-2006 "Permissible tolerances for chemical
composition of steel products" and GB/T 25829-2010 "Permissible tolerances for
chemical composition of steel products". This document is based on GB/T 222-2006
and incorporates the content of GB/T 25829-2010.Compared with GB/T 222-2006,
apart from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes in
this document are as follows.
a) Added a classification of permissible deviations for sulfur in non-alloy steel and
low-alloy steel (see Table 1);
b) Added a classification of permissible deviations for sulfur and aluminum in alloy
steel, as well as permissible deviations for nitrogen and calcium (see Table 2);
c) Added permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical composition for
wrought corrosion-resistant alloy (see Table 4);
d) Added permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical composition for high-
temperature alloy (see Table 5).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
the subject of patent rights. The issuing authority shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association.
This document shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Steel
of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 183).
The drafting organizations of this document. Metallurgical Industry Information and
Standardization Research Institute, Fushun Special Steel Co., Ltd., and Hunan Valin
Xiangtan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this document. Wang Lin, Yan Chengming, Gu Qiang, Tang Qingjun,
Wang Xinhe, Chen Qingxin, Wang Zhi, Duan Yuqi.
Versions of standard substituted by this document are.
- GB/T 222.first published in 1984, first revised in 2006.
- GB/T 25829.first published in 2010.
Steels and alloys -- Permissible deviations of product
analyzed chemical composition
1 Scope
This document specifies the permissible deviations of the chemical composition of
products (including billets) for non-alloy steel, low-alloy steel, alloy steel, stainless
steel, heat-resistant steel, wrought corrosion-resistant alloys and high-temperature
alloys from the specified limits of smelting chemical composition. It provides
definitions for related terms.
This document applies to the permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical
composition as specified in product standards and technical agreements for steel and
alloys.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 20066, Steel and iron -- Sampling and preparation of samples for the
determination of chemical composition
GB/T 20566, Terminology of steel and alloy
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 20566 as
well as the followings apply.
3.1 heat analysis; cast analysis; ladle analysis
Sample ingots are taken during the steel and alloy smelting process, then test specimens
are prepared and chemically analyzed.
NOTE. The analysis results represent the average chemical composition of steel and alloys from
the same furnace.
3.2 product analysis
Samples are taken from the product (including blanks) and then subjected to chemical
analysis.
NOTE. Due to the uneven distribution (segregation) of elements during the crystallization process
of steel and alloys, the composition values in the product analysis sometimes differ from those in
the smelting analysis. Product analysis is mainly used to verify the chemical composition. It is also
known as verification analysis.
3.3 permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical composition
The value of deviation allowed from the limit value of the product analysis (3.2)
compared to the melting analysis (3.1) specified in the standard.
4 Sampling and sample preparation methods for product analysis
The sampling and sample preparation for product analysis shall be carried out in
accordance with the methods specified in GB/T 20066 or other methods agreed upon
by the supplier and the purchaser.
5 Permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical
composition
5.1 The permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical composition shall
conform to the provisions of Tables 1 to 5.Table 1 applies to non-alloy steel and low-
alloy steel. Table 2 applies to alloy steel (excluding stainless steel and heat-resistant
steel). Table 3 applies to stainless steel and heat-resistant steel. Table 4 applies to
wrought corrosion-resistant alloys. Table 5 applies to high-temperature alloys. The
deviation values in Tables 1 and 2 apply to steel (or billets) with a cross-sectional area
not exceeding 65000 mm². The permissible deviations in the chemical composition of
steel (or billets) with a cross-sectional area greater than 65000 mm² may be
appropriately increased. Specific values can be found in Tables A.1 and A.2 of Annex
A, or may be determined through negotiation between the supplier and the purchaser.
5.2 The residual elements specified in the product standard do not apply to the
permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical composition specified in Tables
1~5.
5.3 If the product standard has different (reduced or increased) requirements for the
permissible deviation of one or more elements in the chemical composition of the
product compared with the provisions in Tables 1~5, the provisions of the product
standard shall prevail.
5.4 When the product standard adopts the permissible deviations of product analyzed
chemical composition specified in this document, only one table can be used for the
permissible deviations of product analyzed chemical composition of a steel (or alloy),
and two tables cannot be used at the same time.
5.5 The values obtained from the product analysis shall not exceed the upper limit of
the chemical composition (heat analysis) limit specified in the product standard plus
the deviation, or shall not exceed the lower limit of the chemical composition (heat
analysis) limit specified in the product standard minus the downward deviation. For the
same melting batch, only a single deviation is allowed for the same element in the
product analysis. Both upper and lower deviations are not allowed simultaneously.
When only an upper limit value is specified for a certain element, only an upper
deviation is permitted.
Example 1.
For example, GB/T 699-2015 specifies that the carbon content of high-quality carbon structural steel
No. 20 has a limit of 0.23% and a lower limit of 0.17% in its smelting chemical composition. If,
during chemical analysis of the finished steel, a smelting batch shows a carbon content of 0.25%,
this exceeds the standard upper limit of 0.02%. According to Table 1 of this document, a deviation
of +0.02% from the upper limit is permissible; therefore, the carbon content of the steel is acceptable.
If the carbon content of steel from another smelting batch is 0.15%, it means that it exceeds the
lower limit of the standard by 0.02%. According to Table 1 of this document, a deviation of -0.02%
is allowed in the lower limit. Therefore, the carbon content of the steel is also qualified.
Example 2.
For example, GB/T 20878-2024 specifies that the nickel content in the smelting chemical
composition of 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel has an upper limit of 12.00% and a lower limit of 8.00%.
When performing chemical analysis on the product, if a smelting batch of stainless steel shows a
nickel content of 12.13%, this indicates an excess of 0.13% above the standard upper limit.
According to Table 3 of this document, a deviation of +0.15% from the upper limit is permissible;
therefore, the nickel content of the steel is acceptable.
5.6 If a heat analysis specimen cannot be obtained for any reason, or if a reliable result
for the smelting composition cannot be obtained due to an incorrect heat analysis
specimen, product analysis may be used instead of heat analysis. In this case, the
composition values of the product analysis shall conform to the specifications for
smelting composition. The permissible deviations for product composition specified in
Tables 1 to 5 shall not be used.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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