GB/T 18385-2024 PDF in English
GB/T 18385-2024 (GB/T18385-2024, GBT 18385-2024, GBT18385-2024)
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Battery electric vehicles - Power performance - Test method
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| GB/T 18385-2005 | English | 145 |
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Electric vehicles -- Power performance -- Test method
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GB/T 18385-2024: PDF in English (GBT 18385-2024) GB/T 18385-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.120
CCS T 47
Replacing GB/T 18385-2005
Battery Electric Vehicles - Power Performance - Test Method
ISSUED ON. AUGUST 23, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. MARCH 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative References... 6
3 Terms and Definitions... 6
4 Test Conditions... 8
4.1 Test Vehicle Status... 8
4.2 Environmental Conditions... 8
4.3 Measurement Parameters, Units and Accuracy... 9
4.4 Road Conditions... 9
5 Preparation of Test Vehicle... 11
5.1 Charging of REESS... 11
5.2 Preheating... 11
5.3 Vehicle Test Mass and Load Distribution... 12
6 Test Methods... 13
6.1 General Rules... 13
6.2 Maximum Thirty-minutes Speed Test... 14
6.3 Maximum Speed Test... 15
6.4 Acceleration Ability (v1 to v2) Test... 18
6.5 Speed Uphill Test (not applicable to battery electric vehicles other than Category-M1,
Category-M2 and Category-N1)... 20
6.6 Maximum Gradability Test... 21
6.7 Hill Starting Ability Test... 23
Appendix A (normative) Determination Method for the Correction Factor of Circular
Roads... 24
Appendix B (informative) Test Record Formats... 25
Bibliography... 30
Battery Electric Vehicles - Power Performance - Test Method
1 Scope
This document describes the test method for the power performance of battery electric vehicles.
This document is applicable to Category-M and Category-N battery electric vehicles.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 3730.1 Terms and Definitions of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicle - Part
1.Types
GB/T 3730.2 Road Vehicle - Masses - Vocabulary and Codes
GB/T 8170 Rules of Rounding off for Numerical Values & Expression and Judgement of
Limiting Values
GB/T 12428 Laden Mass Calculating Method for Buses
GB/T 12534 Motor Vehicles - General Rules of Road Test Method
GB/T 12545.1 Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Automobiles - Part 1.
Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Passenger Cars
GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Vehicles
GB/T 19596-2017 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB/T 27840-2021 Fuel Consumption Test Methods for Heavy-duty Commercial Vehicles
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 19596-2017, GB/T 3730.1 and GB/T 3730.2, and
the following are applicable to this document.
3.1 rechargeable electrical energy storage system; REESS
An energy storage system that is rechargeable and can provide electrical energy.
NOTE. it is expressed as a percentage of the vertical height of the rampway to the horizontal
distance.
[source. GB/T 12539-2018, 3.2, modified]
3.8 hill starting ability
The maximum slope that the battery electric vehicles can start on a rampway and travel upwards
by at least 10 m within 1 minute.
[source. GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.3.1.9, modified]
4 Test Conditions
4.1 Test Vehicle Status
4.1.1 The specifications and filling amounts of lubricating oil and coolant for mechanical
moving components shall comply with the vehicle manufacturer's provisions.
4.1.2 The test driver shall follow the operating procedures recommended by the vehicle
manufacturer to operate the REESS at normal operating temperatures.
4.1.3 Except for the purpose of driving, all energy storage systems shall be charged to the
maximum values specified by the vehicle manufacturer (electrical energy, hydraulic pressure
and pneumatic pressure, etc.).
4.1.4 Before the test, the vehicle shall be run-in for a certain mileage with the REESS installed.
It may also be run-in in accordance with the technical requirements of the vehicle manufacturer.
The mileage needs to be greater than 300 km. Meanwhile, the REESS shall undergo at least one
process from the fully charged state to the state of charge alarm, and the power alarm device
shall normally work.
4.1.5 The trailer matched to the tractor shall increase the windward area of the tractor as little
as possible or adopt a trailer recommended by the vehicle manufacturer for the test.
4.2 Environmental Conditions
4.2.1 Ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure
The ambient temperature for outdoor test shall be between 0 C and 40 C. The ambient
temperature for indoor test shall be between 23 C 5 C. The atmospheric pressure shall be
between 91 kPa ~ 104 kPa.
4.2.2 Wind speed
For Category-M1 vehicles and Category-N1 vehicles with a maximum design total mass less
than 2 t, the measurement shall be carried out at 0.7 m above the road surface. For other vehicles,
When the test is conducted in one direction, the longitudinal slope of the straight road shall not
exceed 0.1%.
4.4.2.1.4 Selection of straight-line segment on circular roads
If a part of the circular road satisfies the requirements of 4.4.2.1.1 ~ 4.4.2.1.3, and its centrifugal
inertia reaction force is less than 20% of the test mass of the vehicle and can be compensated
by the transverse slope of the road, then, this part of the circular road can be used as a straight
road measurement zone.
4.4.2.2 Circular roads
4.4.2.2.1 Length of circular roads
The length of the circular roads shall be not less than 2,000 m.
The circular roads are formed by connecting the straight part and approximately circular part.
The radius of curvature of the circular part shall be not less than 200 m, so as to ensure that the
centrifugal force while the vehicle is driving is compensated by the transverse slope of the road,
so that the vehicle can maintain normal driving in the lane when the driver does not perform
any operation on the steering wheel during the test.
4.4.2.2.2 Correction factor of circular roads
In accordance with the test method for determining the correction factor provided in Appendix
A, the correction factor shall not exceed 5%. If the speed regulator or speed limiting device
installed on the test vehicle is functioning, then, no correction is required.
4.4.3 Road conditions for acceleration ability test
The measurement zone shall be a flat, dry, clean concrete or asphalt (or similar) straight road.
The longitudinal slope of the measurement zone shall not exceed 0.1%, and the transverse slope
shall not exceed 3%.
4.4.4 Requirements for test rampway
4.4.4.1 The climbing road is shown in Figure 1.The length of the rampway in the test section
shall be no less than 20 m and can satisfy the length requirements of the test vehicle for the hill
starting ability test. There are gradient sections before and after the test section. The straight
section before the rampway shall not be less than 8 m. The rampway shall have a flat, solid and
dry surface, a uniform slope, and good adhesion properties.
4.4.4.2 The longitudinal slope change rate of the test section shall not be greater than 0.1%, and
the transverse slope change rate shall not be greater than 3%.
manufacturer. The preheating mode shall be indicated in the record.
5.3 Vehicle Test Mass and Load Distribution
5.3.1 Test mass and load distribution requirements for various categories of vehicles
5.3.1.1 Category-M1 vehicles and Category-N1 vehicles with a maximum design total mass
less than 2 t
When the maximum design loading mass of the vehicle is less than or equal to 180 kg, the test
mass shall be the curb weight of the complete vehicle plus the maximum design loading mass.
When the maximum design loading mass of the vehicle is greater than 180 kg but less than or
equal to 360 kg, the test mass shall be the curb weight of the complete vehicle plus 180 kg.
When the maximum design loading mass of the vehicle is greater than 360 kg, the test mass of
the vehicle shall be the curb weight of the complete vehicle plus 50% of the maximum design
loading mass.
The test mass includes the masses of the measurement personnel and instruments.
The load distribution shall be distributed in accordance with the provisions of road test in GB/T
12545.1.
5.3.1.2 Category-M2 vehicles, Category-M3 vehicles, and Category-N vehicles with a
maximum design total mass not less than 2 t
Except for special provisions, the test mass applicable to Category-M2 and Category-M3 urban
buses shall be the curb weight of the complete vehicle plus 65% of the maximum design loading
mass. The test mass of semi-trailer tractors and tractor trucks shall be the maximum design total
mass in the combination vehicle state specified by the vehicle manufacturer. The test mass of
other vehicles shall be the curb weight of the complete vehicle plus the maximum design
loading mass. The test mass includes the masses of the measurement personnel and instruments.
The load of Category-M2 and Category-M3 vehicles shall be distributed in accordance with the
provisions of GB/T 12428.The load of Category-N vehicles shall be distributed in accordance
with the provisions of GB/T 12534.
5.3.2 Test mass and load distribution requirements for various test items
The power performance of the battery electric vehicles includes.
---maximum thirty-minutes speed test (see 6.2);
---maximum speed test (see 6.3);
---acceleration ability (v1 to v2) test (see 6.4);
---speed uphill test (see 6.5);
6.1.5 The vehicle shall be clean, and if there are no special requirements, the windows and the
vents of the passenger compartment or driving cab shall be closed during the test.
6.1.6 If the vehicle has multiple driving modes (such as. smart mode and sports mode, etc.), the
driving mode recommended by the vehicle manufacturer shall be selected for the test, and this
shall be indicated in the record.
6.1.7 When carrying out the tests of 6.2 ~ 6.7, in accordance with the test requirements, select
a gear. If there are no special requirements, then, carry out the tests in accordance with the
default setting gear or the gear recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
6.1.8 Refer to the formats in Appendix B to record the valid data of various tests.
6.2 Maximum Thirty-minutes Speed Test
6.2.1 The maximum thirty-minutes speed test can be conducted on a circular road or on a chassis
dynamometer. When testing on the chassis dynamometer, the vehicle shall be loaded in
accordance with the test load required in 5.3.1 for the determination of driving resistance. The
method for the determination of driving resistance shall comply with the following provisions.
---The driving resistance of light-duty vehicles can be determined in accordance with the
requirements of the vehicle manufacturer and the taxiing method specified in Appendix
CC of GB 18352.6-2016 or the method of calculating road load and driving resistance
based on vehicle parameters. When adopting the taxiing method, the vehicle shall drive
to a speed that is 10 km/h ~ 15 km/h higher than the estimated maximum thirty-minutes
speed specified by the vehicle manufacturer and maintain it stably for at least 1 minute
before starting taxiing. If the estimated maximum thirty-minutes speed is the same as
the maximum design speed or the difference between them is less than 10 km/h, the
vehicle shall start taxiing at the maximum design speed.
---The determination of driving resistance of other vehicles can be carried out in
accordance with the vehicle manufacturer's requirements and the provisions of
Appendix C or Appendix E in GB/T 27840-2021.
6.2.2 The test vehicle drives at a constant speed for 30 minutes at the estimated maximum thirty-
minutes speed provided by the vehicle manufacturer. During the test, if the vehicle speed
changes, the accelerator pedal can be adjusted to stabilize the vehicle speed within the range of
5% of the estimated maximum thirty-minutes speed.
6.2.3 If the vehicle decelerates uncontrollably by the driver during the test, and the vehicle
speed does not reach 95% of the estimated maximum thirty-minutes speed, the test can be re-
performed in accordance with the above-mentioned estimated maximum thirty-minutes speed.
If the vehicle still cannot maintain the speed for 30 minutes, then, the vehicle manufacturer
shall re-estimate the maximum thirty-minutes speed, until the vehicle can run at a constant
speed for 30 minutes in accordance with the maximum thirty-minutes speed re-estimated by the
vehicle manufacturer.
6.4 Acceleration Ability (v1 to v2) Test
6.4.1 General requirements
6.4.1.1 If the vehicle manufacturer has provisions for a specific driving mode and gear selection
for the acceleration ability (v1 to v2) test, carry out the test in accordance with the driving mode
and gear specified by the vehicle manufacturer. If the vehicle manufacturer has no special
provisions, the test shall be carried out using the default driving mode and gear selection of the
vehicle, which shall be indicated in the record.
6.4.1.2 If the vehicle gear-shifting mode has the functions of automatic mode and manual mode
selection, in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s requirements, select the automatic
mode or manual mode. When selecting the manual mode for the test, the test shall be carried
out with reference to the provisions of manual transmission vehicles, which shall be indicated
in the record.
6.4.1.3 Each test shall be carried out in both directions, with at least 3 times in each direction.
If a problem occurs in one test, then, the test shall be re-performed in both directions.
6.4.1.4 For each test, take the arithmetic mean of all valid data (rounded off to one decimal
place in accordance with GB/T 8170) as the final result of the test.
6.4.2 Test procedures for acceleration ability test
6.4.2.1 Acceleration ability test of in situ starting
6.4.2.1.1 The gear-shifting device of manual transmission vehicles shall be placed in the gear
specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the appropriate gear. When a vehicle starts to
accelerate, the vehicle shall reach its maximum acceleration ability with minimal wheel slip.
The clutch operation and gear-shifting timing shall be selected to maximize the acceleration
ability, but the drive motor speed shall not exceed the motor speed corresponding to the peak
power, or the gear-shifting operation shall be performed in accordance with the gear-shifting
timing specified by the vehicle manufacturer. When the vehicle starts to move, the recording
device shall be triggered.
6.4.2.1.2 For automatic transmission vehicles (including those without transmission), when the
driving device is started (if necessary, step on the brake), put the gear-shifting device in D gear
or the gear specified by the vehicle manufacturer. When the vehicle starts to accelerate, the
vehicle shall reach its maximum acceleration ability with minimal wheel slip. When the vehicle
starts to move, the recording device shall be triggered.
6.4.2.1.3 During the acceleration process, the accelerator pedal shall be pressed with full force,
so as to accelerate the vehicle to 100 km/h as quickly as possible (if 90% of the maximum speed
cannot reach 100 km/h, 90% of the maximum speed shall be taken and rounded down to an
integer multiple of 5 as the test end speed). Record the vehicle speed, acceleration time and
acceleration distance during each test.
6.4.2.2 Overriding acceleration ability test
6.4.2.2.1 From the specified starting speed, step on the accelerator pedal with full force and
accelerate to 100 km/h (if 90% of the maximum speed cannot reach 100 km/h, 90% of the
maximum speed shall be taken and rounded down to an integer multiple of 5 as the test end
speed). Record the vehicle speed, acceleration time and acceleration distance during each test.
The following starting speed should be used for the test.
---The starting speed of vehicles with a maximum speed less than or equal to 70 km/h. 30
km/h.
---The starting speed of vehicles with a maximum speed greater than 70 km/h. 60 km/h.
6.4.2.2.2 Before accelerating, the vehicle speed shall be controlled within a range of 2 km/h
downward from the specified starting speed and maintained at a constant speed for at least 2
seconds. When the vehicle speed reaches the starting speed specified in 6.4.2.2.1, the recording
device shall be triggered.
6.4.2.2.3 For manual transmission vehicles, select gears in accordance with the following
provisions. During the test, the gear shall not be changed.
---Gear selection for Category-M1 vehicles and Category-N1 vehicles with maximum
design total mass less than 2 t. for vehicles with 2 or 3 forward gears, the gear position
shall be placed in the highest gear; for vehicles with 4 or 5 forward gears, the gear
position shall be placed in the highest gear or the second highest gear; for vehicles with
6 forward gears, the gear position shall be placed in the 4th and 5th gears; for vehicles
with more than 6 forward gears, the gear position shall be placed in the gear with a speed
ratio of 1.00 and the gear with a speed ratio closest to 1.00.If the vehicle does not have
a gear with a speed ratio of 1.00, then, it shall be placed in the two gears with a speed
ratio closest to 1.00.
---Gear selection for Category-M2 vehicles, Category-M3 vehicles and Category-N
vehicles with a maximum design total mass not less than 2 t. the gear shall be placed in
the highest gear and the second highest gear.
6.4.2.2.4 The gear-shifting device of automatic transmission vehicles (including those without
transmission) shall be placed in D gear, or the gear specified by the vehicle manufacturer, and
the vehicle can shift gears under the control of the transmission controller.
6.4.3 Data processing
6.4.3.1 Data calculation
The arithmetic mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient (standard deviation /
arithmetic mean) of all valid test data shall be calculated in accordance with Formula (10),
Formula (11) and Formula (12).
6.7 Hill Starting Ability Test
6.7.1 The hill starting ability test shall be performed on a rampway with a slope specified by
the vehicle manufacturer.
6.7.2 In the middle of the selected rampway, set up a measurement zone of at least 10 m. A
starting zone shall be provided in front of the measurement zone. The slopes of the starting zone
and the measurement zone shall be the same.
6.7.3 The test vehicle climbs to the starting zone and stably stops on the rampway by the
vehicle’s own braking system. Place the gear in P or N and turn off the drive motor for 2 minutes.
6.7.4 Start the drive motor, in accordance with 6.6.1, select the gear of the gear-shifting device.
For all-wheel-drive vehicles, adopt all-wheel drive. Step on the accelerator pedal with full force.
The vehicle speed shall continuously increase or tend to steadily increase. When the vehicle
starts, there shall be no obvious slope sliding phenomenon that is uncontrollable by the driver,
and if the vehicle passes through the measurement zone at an average speed of no less than 10
m/min, it shall be determined as a successful start on the rampway. If there is obvious wheel
slip when starting the vehicle, an appropriate accelerator pedal opening can be adopted to ensure
that the vehicle starts with minimal wheel slip.
6.7.5 If the vehicle fails in the first hill starting and climbing, the test can be repeated, and the
total number of the tests shall not exceed 2 times. The second hill starting and climbing shall
be specially stated in the record and report. If it fails again in the test, the vehicle manufacturer
shall re-calculate the hill starting ability.
6.7.6 If there is no rampway with a slope specified by the vehicle manufacturer, in accordance
with the site conditions, select a rampway with a slope angle as close as possible. The test can
be carried out by increasing or decreasing the loading mass or adopting a higher gear of the
transmission (for example, gear II), and the gear used for the vehicle test on the actual test road
slope and the corresponding actual test total mass can be calculated with reference to Formula
(14).
6.7.7 Load in accordance with the calculated actual test total mass, and the load distribution
shall comply with the requirements of 5.3.In accordance with the provisions of 6.7.3 ~ 6.7.5,
use the gear selected when calculating with Formula (14) to conduct the hill starting ability test
on the vehicle.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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