GB/T 18029-2000 (GB/T 18029.1-2024 Newer Version) PDF English
GB/T 18029-2000 (GB/T18029-2000, GBT 18029-2000, GBT18029-2000)
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Wheelchairs -- Part 1: Determination of static stability
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Wheelchairs - Resistance to ignition of upholstered parts - Requirements and test methods
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Newer version: GB/T 18029.1-2024 Standards related to (historical): GB/T 18029.1-2024
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GB/T 18029-2000: PDF in English (GBT 18029-2000) GB/T 18029-2000
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 11.180
Y 14
idt ISO 7176-16.1997
Wheelchairs - Resistance to Ignition of Upholstered
Parts - Requirements and Test Methods
ISSUED ON. APRIL 05, 2000
IMPLEMENTED ON. OCTOBER 01, 2000
Issued by. State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
ISO Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative References ... 6
3 Definitions ... 6
4 Judgment Criteria for Combustion ... 7
5 Principle ... 7
6 Operation Safety ... 8
7 Apparatus ... 8
8 Pretreatment and Test Environment ... 12
9 Material Combination ... 12
10 Test Procedures ... 15
11 Requirements ... 17
12 Test Report ... 17
13 Results Statement... 18
Wheelchairs - Resistance to Ignition of Upholstered
Parts - Requirements and Test Methods
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the test methods to assess the resistance to ignition of
upholstered parts in wheelchairs by cigarettes and matches.
This test only measures the resistance to ignition to the materials under test by
cigarettes and matches, but it cannot measure the ignitability of the complete
wheelchairs. This Test only instructs rather than guarantees the ignitability of the
complete wheelchairs.
NOTE. The requirements are minimal. It is advisable that manufacturers, as possible, use the
materials with superior resistance to ignition.
2 Normative References
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the
edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 14729-2000 Wheelchairs – Terms (eqv ISO 6440.1985)
ISO 8191-1.1987 Furniture – Assessment of Ignitability of Upholstered Furniture
– Part 1. Ignition Source. Lighted Cigarettes
ISO 8191-2.1988 Furniture – Assessment of Ignitability of Upholstered Furniture
– Part 2. Ignition Source. Match Flame Equivalent
ISO 7176-15 Wheelchairs – Part 15. Requirements for Information Disclosure,
Documentation and Labelling
3 Definitions
3.1 Progressive [translator. smoldering]
Exothermic oxidation, not accompanied by flaming, that is self-propagating, i.e.
independent of the ignition source. It may or may not be accompanied by
incandescence.
3.2 Flaming
Undergoing combustion in the gaseous phase with the emission of light.
4 Judgment Criteria for Combustion
4.1 Progressive smoldering
This Standard defines any of the following phenomena as progressive smoldering.
a) The smoldering of the test block is gradually upgraded, so that the continued test
shall endanger the safety, and the fire-fighting measures are required;
b) The test block is smoldered to substantially exhaust during the test;
c) The test block is smoldered to the upper or lower open edge, either side, or
vertically burned out;
d) At the end of the test, the test block is burnt (not only discolored) more than
100mm in any direction except upwards from the burning point.
NOTE. In fact, it shall be found that there are obvious differences between different materials;
some materials shall burn under the influence of the combustion source, but it shall not
spread (non-progressive smoldering); while the smoldering of other materials shall continue
to escalate and spread (progressive smoldering).
4.2 Flaming combustion
This Standard defines any of the following phenomena as flaming combustion.
a) The burning of the test block is gradually upgraded, so that the continued test
shall endanger the safety, and the fire-fighting measures are required;
b) The test block is burned to substantially exhaust during the test;
c) During the test, the flame front reaches the lower open edge, either side, or
vertically burned out.
5 Principle
The smoldering cigarette or the burning match is applied to the test block of
upholstered parts materials. The test block installation is made in a combination of
typical wheelchair seat cushion, back cushion (or seat cushion or armrest); the fire
source uses the cigarettes and matches (or equivalent fire source) commonly used by
the smokers. This test method only tests the ignitability of the overall test block
(including skin, lining, fillers, etc.) on the test frame. The test results are not applicable
to the single material in the overall test block.
6 Operation Safety
6.1 General
This Test method may endanger health and safety, so appropriate precautions shall be
taken.
6.2 Isolation
For safety, the test shall be conducted in a non-combustible fume cupboard. If such a
cupboard is not available, a test enclosure shall be constructed so that the operator is
protected from the fumes.
6.3 Extinguisher
Certain combinations of materials may produce a violent flame during the test; active
and/or fixed sprinkler head that can spray water directly into the combustion zone shall
be installed. Other equipment such as fire extinguishers, fireproof cloth and buckets
shall be prepared.
Sometimes smoldering may be difficult to completely extinguish, it is necessary to
completely immerse the test block into water.
7 Apparatus
7.1 Test framework
Figures 1 and 2 show a suitable test framework. It consists of two rectangular boxes
that are hinged together; and can be fixed at a vertical angle.
The framework is made of 25mm×3mm steel strip with a steel mesh platform fixed
firmly in the middle; such mesh (mesh size is 15~150mm2) is 6mm±1mm lower than
the top edge of the framework.
The inner width and height of the back framework are 450mm±2mm×300mm±2mm;
the inner width and depth of the seat framework are 450mm±2mm×150mm±2mm. The
surrounding edges of the steel mesh platform has a protection and reinforcement
function against the steel mesh.
The cigarette shall be cylindrical with no attachments at both ends, and meet the
following requirements.
--- Length. 70mm±4mm;
--- Diameter. 8mm±0.5mm;
--- Mass. 1g±0.19g.
The smoldering rate is 12.0min/50mm±3.0min/50mm; its test method is as follows.
Mark on the cigarette about 5mm and 55mm from the burning end of the cigarette; the
cigarette is pretreated as per 8.1; ignite the cigarette as per the requirements of 10.2;
then insert and fix the unburned end of the cigarette on the horizontal needle with
inserting depth no greater than 13mm, environment air flowrate 0.02~0.2m/s. Record
the smoldering time from the 5mm mark to the 55mm mark.
7.4.2 Equivalent fire source of gas flame fire source – match fire source
NOTE. The equivalent fire source shall be designed with the heat output approximately equal
to that of burning match.
The burning tube is a stainless-steel tube (with outer diameter 8mm±0.1mm, inner
diameter 6.5mm±0.1mm, length 200mm±5mm); it is connected by a hose and a
propane or butane bottle. The pipeline is equipped with a flow meter, a fine-tuning
valve, an on-off valve (optional) and a pressure regulating valve; the outlet pressure is
adjusted to 2.8kPa.
NOTE. If there is no stainless-steel tube of the above size; a similar size of tube can also be
used instead; but the latter tube shall be processed as the above size at a length of 50mm from
the nozzle.
The flow meter shall be calibrated; the flow rate of propane or butane gas is
45mL/min±2mL/min at 25°C. The hose connecting the flow meter with burning but has
a length of 2.5~3m and inner diameter of 7mm±1mm.
7.4.2.1 Gas flow control
The gas must be supplied to the combustion tube at the specified flow rate.
When the cylinder storage temperature is lower than the specified test temperature (it
is necessary), or when the cylinder is at a certain distance from the test framework,
gas supply and measurement are difficult.
In this case, the pipeline within the test environment (10~30°C) shall be long enough
to ensure that the gas reaches the required temperature before flowing to the
measuring instrument. One of the effective methods is to ensure that the gas flows
through a metal tube before reaching the measuring instrument; the metal tube shall
be immersed into the constant-temperature water at 20°C (the specified temperature
of the gas flow); so that ensure that the temperature of gas flow is within the allowed
range.
Care must be taken when measuring and setting gas flow rate. The flow meter must
be calibrated after installation; it shall be regularly inspected during the test; the
inspection method shall accurately measure the flow rate of the gas in the combustion
tube. One of the calibration methods is to use a short tube (with inner diameter 7mm)
to connect the combustion tube to the soap bubble flowmeter; during a certain period
of time, measure the moving length of the bubble meniscus in a glass tube (such as
burette), from which the actual flow rate of the gas can be calculated.
8 Pretreatment and Test Environment
8.1 Pretreatment
The materials under test shall be pretreated in any of the following environment for
16h; then they shall be tested immediately after pretreatment.
a) Temperature. 20°C±2°C;
Relative humidity. 65%±2%.
b) Temperature. 23°C±2°C;
Relative humidity. 50%±5% (recommended condition).
c) Temperature. 27°C±2°C;
Relative humidity. 65%±5%.
d) Other pretreatment environments agreed by the relevant parties.
8.2 Test environment
Temperature. 10~30°C;
Relative humidity. 15%~80%.
9 Material Combination
9.1 Overview
The material combination includes skin, filler, lining and other components that may be
smoldering or flaming combustion inside and/or on the skin.
NOTE. The detection of smoldering may be difficult; it is relatively easier to detect the
smoldering from the presence of smoke in certain points with some distance from the cigarette.
The easiest way to observe the smoke is to look down at the rising smoke column by a mirror.
10.2.1.4 If the progressive smoldering (see 3.1) or flaming (see 3.2) of the upholstered
parts is observed within 1h of placing the cigarette, extinguish fire against the test
blocks and record the results. In this case, the test can be interrupted and finish the
test report (see Clause 12).
If no smoldering or flaming is observed within 1h, or the cigarette can’t burn for the
total length; record the result; then change another cigarette for retest; the retest
position shall be no less than 50mm from the damage area of the previous test. If there
is still no smoldering or flaming is observed in the retest period, report the results; and
conduct the final inspection.
NOTE. The retest can also be performed simultaneously with the first test.
10.2.2 Fire source of match
10.2.2.1 Ignite the combustible gas flowing out form the combustion tube; adjust the
gas flow to the specific flow rate (see 7.4); stabilize the fire for at least 2min.
10.2.2.2 Place the axial direction of the combustion tube along the intersection
between the horizontal and vertical test blocks; the distance from flaming to the nearest
edge or the mark left in the previous test shall be no less than 50mm; meanwhile,
timing begins.
10.2.2.3 The gas is allowed to combust for 20s±1s; then carefully remove the
combustion tube from the test block; so that terminate the combustion process.
10.2.2.4 Observe the combustion process; record any evidence of the progressive
smoldering and flaming combustion inside and/or on the skin. The flame, ember, fume
or progressive smoldering that stop within 120s after the combustion tube is removed
can be ignored.
10.2.2.5 If, after removing the combustion tube for 120s, the progressive smoldering
(see 3.1) or flaming (see 3.2) of the upholstered parts is observed within 1h; then
extinguish fire against the test blocks and record the results. In this case, the test can
be interrupted and finish the test report (see Clause 12).
If no progressive smoldering or flaming is observed within 1h, change another position
for retest; the retest position shall be no less than 50mm from the damage area of the
previous test. If there is still no progressive smoldering or flaming is observed in the
retest period, report the results; and conduct the final inspection.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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