GB/T 18009-1999 PDF English
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GB/T 18009-1999: PDF in English (GBT 18009-1999) GB/T 18009-1999
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 67.200.10
X 14
Palm kernel oil
棕榈仁油
ISSUED ON. NOVEMBER 10, 1999
IMPLEMENTED ON. APRIL 1, 2000
Issued by. State Quality and Technical Supervision
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms ... 5
4 Technical requirements ... 5
5 Inspection rules ... 6
6 Inspection methods ... 7
7 Marks, packaging, transport and storage ... 8
Annex A (Standard) Typical product structure ... 10
Foreword
This Standard equivalently uses Codex Stan 126-1981 Edible palm kernel oil,
a standard of Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) of The United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization (FAO /
WHO). The characterization index of palm kernel oil is governed by Codex
Stan 126-1981. And the sliding melting point uses the actual measured data.
Crude palm kernel oil is divided into grade one and grade two. The upper limit
of the fatty acid value of grade-one crude oil is referred to FAO / WHO (draft,
198) (2.14%); this Standard is set at 2.0%. The upper limit of grade-two crude
oil fatty acid is referred to British and American industry standards, less than
5.0%. The quality of refined palm kernel oil is governed by Codex Stan
126-1981.
Annex A of this Standard is a standard annex.
This Standard was proposed by Ministry of Agriculture of the People 's
Republic of China.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee
on Ministry of Agriculture, Tropical Crops and Products of Standardization
Administration of China.
The drafting organization of this Standard. Chinese Institute of Tropical
Agricultural Sciences, South China Institute of Tropical Agricultural Products
Processing Design.
Main drafters of this Standard. Chen Shengrong, Li Zhenlian, Chen
Chenghai.
This Standard entrusts the Ministry of Agriculture's Technical Committee on
Tropical Crops and Products Standardization for the interpretation.
Palm kernel oil
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the characteristic index of palm kernel oil, quality
requirements, inspection rules, inspection methods, packaging, transport and
storage requirements.
This Standard is applicable to vegetable oils extracted from mature nuts of
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this
Standard, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the
editions indicated are valid. All standards are subject to revision. The parties
who are using this Standard shall explore the possibility of using the latest
version of the following standards.
GB 2716-1988, Hygienic standard of edible vegetable oil
GB/T 5009.37-1996, Method for analysis of hygienic standard of edible oils
GB/T 5524-1985, Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Sampling
GB/T 5525-1985, Inspection of vegetable oils; Methods for identification of
transparency, colour, odor and taste
GB/T 5526-1985, Inspection of vegetable oils; Methods for determination
of specific gravity
GB/T 5527-1985, Inspection of vegetable oils--Methods for determination
of refractive index
GB/T 5528-1995, Method for determination of moisture and volatile matter
in vegetable oil and fat
GB/T 5529-1985, Inspection of vegetable oils; Methods for determination
of foreign matter
GB/T 5530-1998, Animal and vegetable fats and oils-Determination of acid
value and of acidity (eqv ISO 660.1983)
where,
200.32 - the molecular weight of Lauric acid;
56.1 - potassium hydroxide molecular weight;
1/10 - conversion ratio.
6.8 The determination of iodine value shall be carried out according to GB/T
5532.
6.9 The determination of saponification value shall be carried out according
to GB/T 5534.
6.10 The determination of non-saponification shall be carried out according
to GB/T 5535.
6.11 The determination of melting point (sliding point) shall be carried out
according to GB/T 5536. Before the determination, the sample shall be clean
and anhydrous. The prepared capillary column shall be waterproof at 15°C ~
17°C and solidified for over 16 h. During the determination, the melting point
shall be the water bath temperature when grease sample begins to melt and
slide upwards along with capillary.
6.12 The determination of POV shall be carried out according to GB/T 5538.
6.13 The determination of volatile fatty acid shall be carried out according to
Annex A of this Standard.
7 Marks, packaging, transport and storage
7.1 Marks
The palm kernel oil mark shall comply with the provisions of GB 7718. Its
content shall contain.
a) product’s name (standard code);
b) net weight;
c) production lot number and date;
d) storage time of shelf life;
e) origin;
Free fatty acid (in Lauric
acid, %)
Acid value (KOH,
mg/g)
Annex A
(Standard)
Typical product structure
A.1 Reagents
A.1.1 Glycerol. analytical pure
A.1.2 50% (m/m) sodium hydroxide solution. stored in a sealed plastic bottle;
absorb clear and precipitation-free supernatant
A.1.3 Sulfuric acid solution, c(1/2H2SO4) = 1 mol/L
A.1.4 Phenolphthalein indicator. take 0.5 g of phenolphthalein to dissolve in
100 mL of 95% (V/V) ethanol
A.1.5 95% (V/V) neutral ethanol. neutralize till phenolphthalein just appears
pink before use
A.1.6 Sodium hydroxide standard solution. c(NaOH) = 0.1 mol/L
A.1.7 Zeolite. grind and sieve the zeolite; take particles of 0.18 mm to 0.30
mm in size
A.2 Apparatus
A.2.1 Engraved cylinder. 100 mL in volume
A.2.2 Suction tube. 100 mL and 50 mL in volume
A.2.3 Distillation apparatus. the shape and size of the distiller are shown in
Figure A1; fixed on distillation support. The requirements for the components
are described in A 2.3.1 to A 2.3.6.
A.2.3.1 Distillation head. the shape and size of the distillation head are
shown in Figure A2.
used instead of the grease sample for the blank test. The specific operations
are shown as above.
A.3.3.2 Distillation
Take 0.1 g of zeolite to add into a distillation bottle filled with saponification
solution. Add 50 mL of sulfuric acid solution of which the concentration is 1.0
mol/L. Then immediately connect the distillation bottle onto the distillation
apparatus for heating so as to make water-insoluble fatty acid completely
melted. At the moment, do not let the saponification solution boil. And then
increase the firepower to improve the heating rate. It is required to distill 110
mL of distillate within 19 min to 21 min. The distillation process should pay
attention to maintaining a fast enough cooling water flow so that the distilled
solution is guaranteed to flow at 18°C to 21°C.
Collect the distillate to 110 mL and remove the heat source. Remove the
receiving bottle and plug the bottle with a stopper. Be careful not to shake the
contents of the bottle. Then use another 25 mL cylinder to receive the
remaining distillate. Place the receiving bottle containing the distillate in a
15°C water bath for 10 min. The water surface of the water bath must be
equal to the contents of the receiving bottle. After the liquid temperature is
balanced, take it out. Wipe the outer wall of the bottle. Slowly reverse the
bottle to avoid water-insoluble fatty acid adhesion to the plug. Reverse the
bottle up and down for 4 ~ 5 times to make the mixture in the bottle evenly. Do
not strongly shake it during the mixing process.
A.3.3.3 Filtration
Place the dry medium-speed filter paper close to the filter funnel. Filter the
entire solution in the receiving bottle into a dry separating funnel. When the
water-insoluble fatty acid floats to the liquid surface, carefully release the
lower water layer into a dry 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask (ensure that all insoluble
fatty acids remain in the separating funnel). Use a stopper to plug it. The
aqueous solution in the flask shall be used as the filtrate for the determination
of water-soluble volatile fatty acid.
Remove the distillation head. Use 15 mL of cold water to wash the inner wall
of the condenser, the measuring cylinder of the remaining distillate, the
receiving bottle, the filter, and the separating funnel in sequence. This
washing water shall be filtered by filter paper. The size of the filter shall be big
enough to make 15 mL of solution just filled to the edge of the filter. Repeat
the above washing process more than twice. Each washing water is required
to be completely drained. Keep the filter paper and discard the filtrate.
In order to completely dissolve and collect water-insoluble fatty acids, take 15
mL of neutral ethanol instead of the above washing cold water. Repeat the
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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