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GB/T 15357: Evolution and historical versions
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 15357-2014 | English | 195 |
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Surface active agents and detergents -- Determination of viscosity and flow properties of liquid products using a rotational viscometer
| Valid |
| GB/T 15357-1994 | English | 239 |
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Surface active agents and detergents--Determination of viscosity of liquid products using a rotational viscometer
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GB/T 15357-2014: Surface active agents and detergents -- Determination of viscosity and flow properties of liquid products using a rotational viscometer
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT15357-2014
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 71.100.40
G 72
Replacing GB/T 15357-1994
Surface active agents and detergents - Determination of
viscosity and flow properties of liquid products using a
rotational viscometer
(ISO 6388.1989, Surface active agents - Determination of flow properties using a
rotational viscometer, MOD)
Issued on: DECEMBER 22, 2014
Implemented on: JUNE 1, 2015
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 Principle... 10
5 Apparatus... 10
6 Procedure... 11
7 Expression of results... 12
8 Test report... 14
Surface active agents and detergents - Determination of
viscosity and flow properties of liquid products using a
rotational viscometer
1 Scope
This standard specifies a general method for determining the viscosity and flow
properties of surface-active agent and detergent liquid products using a rotational
viscometer.
This standard applies to samples with a viscosity of 5 mPa • s~5×10⁴ mPa • s. For
Newtonian samples with a viscosity below 5 mPa • s, a more precise method, such as a
capillary viscometer, shall be used.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For any
dated reference, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document;
for any undated reference, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this
document.
GB/T 13173-2008 Surface active agents - Detergents - Testing methods
JJG 1002 Rotational Viscometers
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 dynamic viscosity
A measure of the internal frictional force when one liquid layer flows relatively to
another under a certain shear stress. It is the ratio of the shear stress (τ), and the shear
rate (D) applied to the flowing liquid, expressed in Pascal second (Pa • s) or millipascal
second (mPa • s)1). It is represented by Newton's equation.
1) The units of dynamic viscosity also include newton second per square meter (N • s/m2), millinewton second per
square meter (mN • s/m2), and poise(P) and centipoise(cP). 1 N • s/m2=1 Pa • s=10 P(poise)=103 cP(centipoise), 1
mN • s/m2=1 mPa • s=1 cP(centipoise).
3.8 thixotropy
Under isothermal reversible conditions, shearing causes viscosity or consistency to
decrease from its rest value (the instant shearing begins) to its final value (depending
on the magnitude of the shear rate). When shearing is interrupted, the rest viscosity or
consistency must recover within a certain time; this time is called the thixotropic
recovery time.
3.9 rheopexy
The phenomenon in which the thixotropic recovery time is shortened by a lower shear
rate after a relatively high shear rate interruption.
3.10 anti-thixotropy
Under isothermal reversible conditions, the viscosity or consistency increases from its
rest value (the instant shearing begins) to its final value (depending on the magnitude
of the shear rate) due to shearing action.
When shearing is interrupted, the rest viscosity recovers within a certain time; this time
is called the thixotropic recovery time.
3.11 rheological hysteresis
Under isothermal reversible conditions, if the shear rate increases linearly from zero to
a maximum value (upward line) over time and then decreases in the same way
(downward line), the shear rate plot presents a hysteresis loop, which can be used to
detect and characterize thixotropy or anti-thixotropy.
3.12 plasticity
When a plastic body is subjected to a stress less than the critical value τ0, the "yield
stress", it behaves as an elastic body. Above this limit, flow occurs. When τ≥τ0 and the
function D=f(τ) is linear, the material can be said to follow the Bingham model.
3.13 time-dependent viscosity
Under isothermal reversible conditions and at a constant shear rate, the apparent
viscosity changes with time.
4 Principle
At a specified shear rate, the dynamic viscosity of Newtonian liquids or the apparent
viscosity of non-Newtonian liquids is measured using a specified rotational viscometer.
The shear rate is used as the variable for the determination, and the liquid properties are
represented by plotting a relationship curve between the shear rate and the shear stress
or viscosity.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Rotational viscometer. A viscometer with a co-axial cylindrical measuring unit; the
measuring range is 1 mPa • s~106 mPa • s, and the measuring error is ±5% (for
Newtonian liquids); for example, the NDJ-1 and NDJ-79 rotational viscometers.
The ratio of the outer diameter to the inner diameter of the coaxial cylinder (rotor) shall
not exceed 1.10.
The viscometer is verified and calibrated in accordance with the provisions of JJG 1002.
5.2 Super constant temperature water bath, accurate to 0.2 ℃.
5.3 Thermometer, with a scale division of 0.1 ℃.
5.4 Glass beakers, with an inner diameter of not less than 70 mm and a depth of not less
than 110 mm.
NOTE. The size of the beaker affects the determination of the actual viscosity value. It is important to
ensure consistency in the size of the container used.
6 Procedure
6.1 Sample preparation
Prepare and preserve homogeneous laboratory samples according to Chapter 4 of GB/T
13173-2008, and let them stand at room temperature for 24 hours to remove air bubbles.
6.2 Test portion
Carefully take test portions from laboratory samples to ensure there are absolutely no
air bubbles.
6.3 Apparatus conditions
When selecting a rotational viscometer and measuring unit to determine the viscosity
of a specific product, the instrument and the rotor to be used, as well as the shear rate
and shear time during the measurement, shall be clearly specified in the specific product
standard. These selections depend on the rheological properties of the product (as
shown in Figures 1 and 2).
a) The viscosity of a product with Newtonian behavior is independent of rotor
diameter, shear rate and shear time. A rotor or shear rate with a narrow
measurement range shall be selected to obtain more accurate measurement
values.
b) The apparent viscosity of a non-Newtonian product is closely related to the
rotor diameter or shear rate, and shear time. Shear thinning, dilatancy,
plasticity, thixotropy and anti-thixotropy shall be considered. The rheological
properties of the product shall be determined by testing with rotors of several
diameters, shear rates and times, so as to select a suitable rotor diameter, shear
rate and time, and whether to use a new test portion or wait for the liquid to
recover for a certain period of time for repeated measurements.
6.4 Determination
Pour the specimen into a beaker (5.4) of about 400 mL or into a special measuring
container. Adjust the specimen temperature to the selected test temperature (usually
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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