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GB/T 12137-2025 English PDF
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GB/T 12137: Evolution and historical versions
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 12137-2025 | English | 380 |
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Methods for leakage test of gas cylinders
| Valid |
| GB/T 12137-2015 | English | 85 |
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Methods for leakage test of gas cylinders
| Valid |
| GB/T 12137-2002 | English | 199 |
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Method for leakage test of gas cylinders
| Obsolete |
| GB/T 12137-1989 | English | 199 |
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2 days
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Method for pneumatic testing of cylinders
| Obsolete |
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GB/T 12137-2025: Methods for leakage test of gas cylinders
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT12137-2025
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 23.020.30
CCS J 74
Replacing GB/T 12137-2015
Methods for leakage test of gas cylinders
Issued on: AUGUST 29, 2025
Implemented on: MARCH 1, 2026
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Principle... 7
5 Test conditions... 7
6 Test media... 7
7 Instruments and equipment... 8
8 Testing cylinders... 11
9 Test methods... 11
10 Post-test processing... 25
11 Test records... 25
12 Precautions during the experiment... 26
Appendix A (Normative) Conversion method for hydrogen and helium leakage rates
... 27
Appendix B (Informative) Pressure proportioning method for preparing a helium-
nitrogen mixture... 33
Methods for leakage test of gas cylinders
1 Scope
This document specifies the principles, test conditions, test media, instruments and
equipment, testing cylinder, post-test processing, and test records for the methods for
leakage test of gas cylinders.
This document applies to the leakage test of gas cylinders with a nominal working
pressure not exceeding 70 MPa (gauge pressure).
2 Normative references
The provisions of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this
document through normative references in this text. Among them, for any dated
reference, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for any
undated reference, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this
document.
GB/T 12604.7 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Leak testing
GB/T 13005 Terminology of gas cylinders
GB/T 13979 Mass spectrometer leak detector
GB/T 15823 Non-destructive testing - Test methods for helium leak testing
GB/T 18443.2 Testing method of performance for vacuum insulation cryogenic
equipment - Part 2.Vacuum degree measurement
NB/T 47013.8 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 8.Leak Testing
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 13005 and GB/T 12604.7, as well as the
following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1 testing cylinder
Gas cylinders awaiting or undergoing testing.
3.2 water-immersion test
A pressure measuring instrument used to display and record the pressure of the testing
cylinder.
NOTE. A working pressure gauge includes both the pressure gauge itself and a pressure transmitter (or
a digital pressure gauge capable of outputting a pressure signal).
3.10 capillary standard leak
A leak having an independent helium tank with a pressure of not less than 0.1 MPa and
allowing tracer helium gas to pass through the locally thinned tube.
NOTE. The helium leakage rate of the capillary standard leak ranges from 1×10-6 Pa • m3/s to 1×10-4 Pa
• m3/s.
3.11 permeation standard leak
A glass or quartz permeable leak that is made through melting and has been calibrated.
NOTE. The helium leakage rate of the permeation standard leak ranges from 1×10-9 Pa • m3/s to 1×10-7
Pa • m3/s.
4 Principle
Using a specified gas as the pressurizing medium, the pressure inside the testing
cylinder is increased slowly and uniformly to its leakage test pressure, and maintained
at that pressure for a specified time. Different test methods are employed to determine
the leakage of the testing cylinder under the leakage test pressure.
5 Test conditions
5.1 The ambient temperature for the test shall be greater than 5 ℃ and not exceed the
maximum permissible operating temperature of the testing cylinder.
5.2 According to the test requirements for different gas cylinders, the test cylinder shall
be pressurized slowly and uniformly to the leakage test pressure.
6 Test media
6.1 When using the water-immersion test or the soap bubble test, the test medium shall
meet the following requirements.
a) The test medium shall be dry, clean air, nitrogen, or other non-flammable gas
that is compatible with the properties of the testing cylinder and the gas it
contains, and is non-toxic and non-corrosive to humans.
b) For testing cylinders containing non-flammable, non-toxic, and non-corrosive
gases, the gas contained therein can be directly selected as the test medium.
c) For testing cylinders that have previously contained combustible gas, if the
volume concentration of combustible gas in the bottle is less than 0.4%, air
may be used as the test medium; otherwise, nitrogen or an inert gas shall be
used as the test medium.
d) For testing cylinders that have previously contained toxic or corrosive media,
nitrogen or an inert gas shall be used as the test medium.
e) For testing cylinders containing oxygen or oxidizing gases, the test medium
shall be free of oil and grease.
6.2 When using the leak detection by helium mass spectrum, the test medium shall meet
the following requirements.
a) The test medium shall be dry and clean helium, nitrogen, hydrogen, or a
helium-nitrogen mixture.
b) The hydrogen leakage rate shall be determined according to the method in
Appendix A, wherein the leakage rate conversion coefficient α between pure
helium and helium-nitrogen mixture and the leakage rate conversion
coefficient β between pure hydrogen and pure helium shall be obtained by the
cylinder manufacturer, inspection agency, or type testing agency through
testing.
c) The volume content of helium in the helium-nitrogen mixture used in the
experiment shall be determined by comparative testing, but shall not be less
than 2%; if the volume content of helium in the helium-nitrogen mixture
cannot be determined by comparative testing, the volume content of helium in
the helium-nitrogen mixture shall not be less than 10% when using the
pressure accumulation test or the suction gun method, and the volume content
of helium in the helium-nitrogen mixture shall not be less than 5% when using
the vacuum chamber test. For the preparation of the helium-nitrogen mixture,
see the pressure proportioning method in Appendix B.
7 Instruments and equipment
7.1 Basic requirements for instruments and equipment
7.1.1 The pressurization of the testing cylinder shall be carried out using a
pressurization system with stable pressure output (such as a pump, compressor, buffer
tank, etc.).
7.1.2 The rated working pressure of the pressurizing device shall be 1.1 times greater
than the leakage test pressure of the testing cylinder.
7.1.3 The pressure piping of the pressurization system shall be made of metal pipe, shall
be fixedly installed, and its connection to the pressurization device, valve, and metering
instrument shall have good sealing. The pressure for the pressure resistance test of the
pressure piping shall be greater than three times the leakage test pressure of the testing
cylinder.
7.1.4 The pressurization system shall be equipped with pressure measuring instruments
and pressure control devices.
7.1.5 A reliable oil removal, degreasing, and water removal device shall be installed in
the pressurization system to ensure that the test medium meets the requirements of 6.1
and 6.2.
7.1.6 When using the water-immersion test, the depth of the test tank shall be sufficient
to completely submerge the testing cylinder. The inner wall of the tank shall be white,
and the water in the tank shall be kept clean and transparent. If the brightness inside the
tank is insufficient, lighting facilities shall be installed at the bottom of the tank.
7.1.7 When using the soap bubble test, the test solution shall be a liquid with low surface
tension, and shall be able to detect even tiny leaks of air bubbles. The test solution shall
not have a harmful effect on the testing cylinder. For testing cylinders containing
oxygen or oxidizing gases, oil-free and grease-free test solutions shall be used.
7.1.8 Vacuum units, vacuum valves, and vacuum pipelines in the vacuum system shall
comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 18443.2.
7.1.9 The helium mass spectrometer leak detector shall meet the requirements of GB/T
13979.The helium mass spectrometer leak detector shall be able to sense and measure
trace amounts of tracer helium gas, and shall display the leakage amount through
instruments or screens on or attached to the detection instrument. The minimum
detectable leakage rate of the helium mass spectrometer leak detector shall be less than
the leakage rate requirement for the testing cylinder.
7.1.10 The dimensions of the detection chamber shall match the size of the testing
cylinder. The detection chamber for the pressure accumulation test shall be made of
steel, aluminum alloy, or PVC plastic and be able to withstand external pressure. The
detection chamber for the vacuum chamber test shall be made of steel and be able to
withstand external pressure.
7.1.11 When using the leak detection by helium mass spectrum, auxiliary equipment
such as voltage regulators, auxiliary pump systems, and multi-way connectors may be
used as needed.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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