GB 22448-2025 (GB 22448-2008) PDF English
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Non-destructive testing instruments - Protection rules for industrial X-ray radiographic equipment below 500kV
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GB 22448-2008: Protection rules for industrial X-ray radiographic equipment up to 500kV---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB22448-2008
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.280; 19.100
N 78
Protection rules for industrial X-ray
radiographic equipment up to 500kV
Issued on. OCTOBER 7, 2008
Implemented on. SEPTEMBER 1, 2009
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative references... 4
3 Requirements... 4
4 X-ray protection and monitoring during use... 7
5 Service regulations... 9
6 Monitoring... 12
Foreword
Chapters 1 and 2 of this Standard are recommended clauses, while others are
mandatory clauses.
This Standard is not equivalent to German industrial standards DIN
54113.1.1992 Non-destructive testing - Radiation protection rules for the
technical application of X-ray equipment up to 500kV - General technical safety
requirements and DIN 54113.2.1992 Non-destructive testing - Radiation
protection rules for the technical application of X-ray equipment up to 500kV -
General technical safety requirements and testing for the manufacture,
installation and operation.
This Standard was formulated on the basis of JB 7788-1995.
This Standard was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Instrument Research
Institute (now known as “Liaoning Instrument Research Institute Co., Ltd”).
Responsible drafting organization of this Standard. Liaoning Instrument
Research Institute (now known as “Liaoning Instrument Research Institute Co.,
Ltd”).
Participating drafting organizations of this Standard. Dandong Radiative
Instrument Co., Ltd, Dandong Wanquan NDT Equipment Factory, Dandong
Health Inspection Institute, Shanghai Advanced NDT Equipment Co., Ltd and
Dandong NDT Equipment Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this Standard. Yu Zhijun, Li Yibin, Zhang Hong, Jian Jieli, Chen
Ninglong and Bao Ruling.
Protection rules for industrial X-ray
radiographic equipment up to 500kV
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the protective property requirements of industrial X-ray
radiographic equipment up to 500kV (hereinafter referred to as “X-ray
equipment”, including the X-ray equipment with general structure, X-ray
equipment with fine structure, X-ray equipment for special protection, X-ray
equipment for full protection, etc.), the structural protection requirements of X-
ray equipment, and the requirements for X-ray protection during use, service
regulations and monitoring.
This Standard is applicable to the design, manufacture, installation and
operation of the X-ray equipment up to 500kV.
2 Normative references
The provisions in the following documents become the provisions of this
Standard through reference in this Standard. For dated references, the
subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to
this Standard. However, parties who reach an agreement based on this
Standard are encouraged to study if the latest editions of these documents are
applicable. For undated references, the latest editions apply to this Standard.
GB/T 17150-1997 Radiological protection monitoring procedure - Part 1.
Industrial X-ray detection
GB 18871-2002 Basic standards for protection against Ionizing radiation and
for the safety of radiation sources
3 Requirements
3.1 Limits for the leakage-ray air kerma rate of the X-ray equipment
(hereinafter referred to as “leakage-ray kerma rate”)
3.1.1 X-ray equipment with general structure
X-ray equipment with general structure includes the instruments with general
structure of the stationary X-ray equipment, mobile X-ray equipment and
portable X-ray equipment.
3.1.2 X-ray equipment with fine structure
When the X-ray equipment with fine structure comes up to the maximum
operating value specified by the manufacturer, and the X-ray tube’s main beam
window is covered with a hood, the X-ray equipment’s leakage-ray kerma rate,
which is measured by using a protection-level dosimeter at 0.5m from the focus,
shall not be greater than 25 μGy/h.
3.1.3 X-ray equipment for special protection
Under the specified service conditions of the X-ray equipment for special
protection, the kerma rate, which is measured by using a protection-level
dosimeter at 0.1m from the outer surface of the radiation protection enclosure,
shall not be greater than 25 μGy/h.
3.1.4 X-ray equipment for full protection
The leakage-ray kerma rate of the X-ray equipment for full protection, which is
measured by using a protection-level dosimeter at 0.1m from the outer surface
of the protection enclosure, shall not be greater than 7.5 μGy/h.
3.2 Structural protection of the X-ray equipment
3.2.1 Controller
ENSURE that the controller cannot be started without permission. USE obvious
yellow indicator or voice-operated device on the controller to notify that this X-
ray equipment is in operation. When the X-ray equipment is in mobile operation,
the controller shall be used as protective safety facility.
3.2.2 X-ray output window
The X-ray output window is formed by installing an active locking mechanism
on the protective enclosure of the X-ray tube or on the protective component of
the X-ray tube socket.
3.2.3 Application instrument
The protective safety facility of the X-ray window shall ensure that the controller
can only give launch instruction when the application instrument is switched on.
When the application instrument is switched off, the X-ray output window shall
close automatically. It is not allowed to change the installation status of the
application instrument at will.
3.2.8 Shielding material
The thickness of the X-ray shielding material laid in the X-ray tube head shall
comply with the requirements for the leakage-ray kerma rate in Section 3.1.
4 X-ray protection and monitoring during use
4.1 Occupational radiation dose limits
Occupational radiation personnel shall be conducted with routine personal dose
monitoring, and shall also establish the personal dose and health management
files. Dose limits shall comply with the requirements of Annex B in GB 18871-
2002.
4.2 Control areas
4.2.1 Control areas for stationary operations
The areas where the average annual effective dose of the occupational
radiation personnel might be 15 mSv shall be defined as control areas, which
shall be marked as well. The dose rates of the control areas shall be determined
according to the operating time of the X-ray equipment. The symbols of the
control areas shall be clear and distinct, along with the words “no entry into the
X-ray region” in red.
4.3 Monitoring areas
4.3.1 Monitoring areas in stationary workplaces
The areas where the occupational radiation personnel’s average annual
effective dose due to the whole-body irradiation may be greater than 5 mSv/h
are defined as monitoring areas, which shall be marked as well.
5 Service regulations
5.1 Protection director and protection agent
The application registrant of the X-ray instrument is the person responsible for
the radiation protection.
5.2 Guidance
The staff members using the X-ray equipment shall master necessary radiation
protection expertise. The person responsible for the radiation protection shall
pay attention to regular training and guidance for these personnel, both before
and after their first induction. The training contents and time shall be noted down
as well.
5.4 Installation
Before the installation of X-ray instruments, MAKE evaluation and field
verification for the protective properties of the radiation protection facilities that
shall be equipped with in structure, based on the expected operating condition.
The channels in the control areas shall meet the following conditions.
5.6 Files for X-ray protection
5.6.1 Accompanying files
Accompanying files shall include the X-ray equipment production license issued
by the protection regulatory authority. Furthermore, INDICATE the major
protective properties of the X-ray equipment as well. The protective properties
of various structural types of X-ray equipment shall conform to the provisions of
GB 18871-2002.
5.6.3 Data that shall be provided by the organizations using the X-ray
equipment
5.7 Conditions of using the X-ray equipment in batches
When meeting all of the following conditions, it is allowed to use the X-ray
equipment that has been reported to the local regulatory authority but still
awaiting approval.
5.8 Conditions of using the X-ray equipment with special protection
without approval
All of the following conditions shall be met.
5.10 Applications requiring approval
Every time when replacing the critical components of the X-ray equipment
without approval (for instance, REPLACE an X-ray tube whose type has not
been approved yet), it is necessary for the local regulatory authority to approve
the application of this kind of X-ray equipment.
6 Monitoring
6.1 Property requirements of the monitoring instruments
REFER to the provisions of GB/T 17150-1997.The minimum range shall be
0μGy/h to 10μGy/h. The energy response shall be within the range of 30kV to
500kV. T
6.2 Scope of monitoring
6.2.1 Monitoring environments and conditions
The distance between X-ray tube and wall shall be greater than 2m.
Furthermore, there shall be no scattering objects within the scope of 2m from
the focus of the X-ray tube.
6.2.2 Monitoring cycle
For the X-ray radiographic equipment and portable X-ray equipment in
continuous operation, the monitoring shall be carried out once a year.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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