GB/T 26837-2011 PDF in English
GB/T 26837-2011 (GB/T26837-2011, GBT 26837-2011, GBT26837-2011)
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Non-destructive testing instruments -- Stationary type and movable type industrial X-ray radiographic equipment
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 26837-2011
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GB/T 26837-2011: PDF in English (GBT 26837-2011) GB/T 26837-2011
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 19.100
N 78
Non-destructive testing instruments - Stationary type and
movable type industrial X-ray radiographic equipment
ISSUED ON. JULY 29, 2011
IMPLEMENTED ON. DECEMBER 01, 2011
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Product classification ... 6
3.1 Product model ... 6
3.2 Main technical parameters ... 6
4 Requirements ... 7
4.1 Conditions of use... 7
4.2 Performance ... 7
4.3 Stability ... 9
4.4 Radiation protection and safety ... 10
4.5 Appearance requirements ... 11
5 Test methods ... 11
5.1 Test conditions ... 11
5.2 Main instruments and appliances for testing ... 11
5.3 Penetration determination ... 12
5.4 Determination of relative sensitivity ... 14
5.5 Determination of ray radiation angle and radiation field uniformity ... 15
5.6 Determination of X-ray machine’s timer error ... 17
5.7 Determination of tube-voltage error ... 17
5.8 Determination of X-ray machine’s tube-voltage’s regulated-device ... 19
5.9 Determination of overcurrent protection ... 19
5.10 Determination of overvoltage protection ... 19
5.11 Determination of temperature protection device ... 20
5.12 Determination of tube-current’s under-milliamp protective device ... 20
5.13 Determination of continuous working stability ... 20
5.14 Determination of output voltage of voltage-regulated circuit ... 21
5.15 Determination of leakage ray’s air kerma rate ... 21
5.16 Determination of insulation resistance of high-voltage circuit ... 21
5.17 Determination of grounding resistance of grounding protective device ... 21
5.18 Determination of insulation strength of low-voltage circuits ... 22
5.19 Determination of insulation strength of high-voltage circuits ... 22
5.20 Determination of primary insulation resistance of filament transformer to
ground ... 22
5.21 Determination of secondary insulation strength of controller to ground ... 23
5.22 Cleanliness testing ... 23
5.23 Appearance quality testing ... 23
5.24 Determination of leakage ... 23
5.25 Transport storage environment test ... 23
5.26 Packaging test ... 24
5.27 Normal working test when power supply voltage fluctuats ... 24
6 Inspection rules ... 25
6.1 Exit-factory inspection ... 25
6.2 Type inspection ... 26
7 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage ... 27
7.1 Marking ... 27
7.2 Packaging ... 27
7.3 Transportation and storage ... 28
Appendix A (Normative) Calibration test block for X-ray machine ... 29
Non-destructive testing instruments - Stationary type and
movable type industrial X-ray radiographic equipment
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection
rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of stationary type and
movable type industrial X-ray radiographic equipment (hereinafter referred to
as X-ray machines).
This standard applies to stationary type and movable type industrial X-ray
radiographic equipment which has a tube-voltage not exceeding 500 kV.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 191 Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods
GB/T 9582-2008 Photography - Industrial radiographic films - Determination
of ISO speed ISO average gradient and ISO gradients G2 and G4 when
exposed to X-and Gamma-radiation
GB/T 13384 General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical
product
GB 18871-2002 Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and
for the safety of radiation sources
GB 22448-2008 Protection rules for industrial X-ray radiographic equipment
up to 500 kV
JB/T 6220-2004 The densimeter for radiography
JB/T 7808-2010 Non-destructive testing instruments Main parameter series
for the industrial X-ray equipment
JB/T 9329 Basic environmental conditions and testing methods for
instruments transportation and storage in the transportation
radiation field. The radiation field of the circumferential X-ray machine shall be
uniform, the density difference in the center plane shall be less than 0.4, the
radiation angle error shall be +5°.
4.2.4 The X-ray machine shall be equipped with the exposure cumulative timer,
to record the cumulative exposure time of the X-ray tube.
4.2.5 The X-ray machine shall have a timer that controls the duration of
exposure. The maximum error of the timing shall not be greater than ±2% of the
indicated value of the measured point.
4.2.6 The maximum allowable error of the X-ray machine tube-voltage shall not
exceed ± 5% of the measured value (power frequency, oil-insulated machine).
4.2.7 The X-ray machine shall be provided with a tube-voltage regulated-device,
the starting tube-voltage shall not be greater than 20% of the rated tube-voltage.
4.2.8 The X-ray machine shall be equipped with an overvoltage protection
device. When the tube-voltage exceeds the rated tube-voltage of 5 kV ~ 10 kV,
the high-voltage shall be disconnected.
4.2.9 The X-ray machine shall be provided with a temperature protection device.
When the temperature inside the generator reaches 60 °C ± 5 °C, the high-
voltage shall be disconnected.
4.2.10 The X-ray machine shall be provided with an under-millimeter protection
device. When the tube-current is less than 0.5 mA, the high-voltage shall be
disconnected.
4.2.11 The X-ray machine shall be equipped with an overcurrent protection
device. When the tube-current is greater than the rated tube-current of 1 mA,
the high-voltage shall be disconnected.
4.3 Stability
4.3.1 The X-ray machine shall work continuously for 10 times in accordance
with the specified working procedures. There shall be no abnormal phenomena
during the test, the temporary load rate shall conform to the nominal data. Each
continuous working time shall be no less than 10 minutes.
4.3.2 The X-ray machine shall be equipped with a voltage stabilized-circuit. The
tube-voltage fluctuation shall be within ±2%; the tube-current fluctuation shall
be within ±0.5 mA.
to ground shall be not less than 5 MΩ.
4.4.6 The primary insulation resistance of X-ray machine’s filament transformer
to ground is tested by the 1000 V, 50 Hz AC, there shall be no abnormality after
withstanding voltage for 2 min.
4.4.7 The X-ray machine shall have a grounding protection device; the
grounding resistance shall be less than 0.5 Ω.
4.4.8 The impurities of the X-ray machine’s controller and high-voltage
generator (power frequency, oil-insulated) shall not be more than 100 mg.
4.4.9 The cable connector and plug connection of the X-ray machine are
convenient to disassemble. The number of thread is not less than 3 and has a
protective cover.
4.4.10 The X-ray machine’s generator assembly shall be capable of locking at
any desired location and capable of emitting X-rays in the desired direction. The
generator support shall be able to support the X-ray generator, it has 3 degrees
of freedom, be sensitive and has brakes.
4.4.11 The X-ray machine generator and cooling circuit shall be free of leakage.
4.5 Appearance requirements
4.5.1 The surface coating shall be firm and free from falling off.
4.5.2 Surface finish and finished surface shall be free from bumps, air bubbles
and scratches.
4.5.3 Unrefined rust-sensitive surfaces shall be protected against rust.
4.5.4 The surface color is clear; the color of the controller and generator of the
same model shall be the same.
5 Test methods
5.1 Test conditions
The test conditions shall comply with the provisions of 4.1.
5.2 Main instruments and appliances for testing
5.2.1 AC voltmeter and ammeter not lower than grade 1.0.
5.2.2 Ball gap discharger or electrostatic voltmeter, the maximum measurement
error is ± 3%.
5.2.3 The 1.0 grade 500 V insulation resistance meter.
5.2.4 X-ray dosimeter, with a total uncertainty of ±10%.
5.2.5 Densitometer or micrometer with a measurement error of not less than ±
0.04%.
5.2.6 Verification test block (as specified in Appendix A) and the line type image
quality meter.
5.2.7 Lead intensifying screen (0.03 mm), industrial X-ray film.
5.2.8 Intensive light adjustable reading light.
5.2.9 Stopwatch and thermometer.
5.2.10 Continuous impact test bench, high and low temperature box, damp heat
box.
5.2.11 Dielectric strength tester with a capacity of 150% above of the power of
the X-ray machine under test.
5.2.12 Barometer and air pressure test device.
5.2.13 Balance which has an accuracy of milligram grade.
5.2.14 X-ray dose rate meter.
5.2.15 Halogen leak detector.
5.2.16 Grounding resistance measuring instrument.
5.3 Penetration determination
5.3.1 Test equipment
Standard test blocks which comply with the provisions of Appendix A, industrial
films which comply with the industrial film of ISO sensitivity 320 as listed in Table
1 of GB/T 9582-2008, viewing lights which comply with the laboratory
requirements, densitometer which complies with the requirements of 4.2 of JB/T
6220-2004.
The schematic diagram of this test is as shown in Figure 2.
5.8 Determination of X-ray machine’s tube-voltage’s regulated-
device
Use the tube-voltage regulator on the controller to observe the indication value.
Place the kV knob at 20% of the rated tube-voltage, start the X-ray machine.
5.9 Determination of overcurrent protection
Adjust the tube-voltage to 50% of the rated value, the tube-current is the rated
value; after at least 1 min of the simulated exposure, make the tube-current
exceed the rated value. At this time, it is necessary to make adjustment carefully
and slowly, observe whether the tube-current’s indication value at the
instantaneous of high-voltage disconnection is within the specified setting range,
make a record. If the high-voltage has been automatically cut off when the tube-
current does not reach the set value, or the high-voltage cannot be
automatically cut off 5 s after the current exceeds the setting value range, stop
increasing the tube-current continuously. In the event that the tube-current’s
indication value is not within the specified setting range at the instantaneous
that the high-voltage is cut off, it shall consider that the overcurrent protection
device is not well adjusted or failed.
5.10 Determination of overvoltage protection
Adjust the regulator to make the supply voltage which is indicated by the
voltmeter to be rated value. Adjust the tube-voltage to the rated value, after
maintaining for 1 min, make the tube-voltage exceed the rated value. At this
time, it is necessary to make adjustment carefully and slowly, observe whether
the tube-voltage’s indication value at the instantaneous of high-voltage
disconnection is within the specified setting range, make a record. If the high-
voltage has been automatically cut off when the tube-voltage does not reach
the set value, or the high-voltage cannot be automatically cut off 5 s after the
tube-voltage exceeds the setting value range, stop increasing the tube-voltage
continuously. In the event that the tube-voltage’s indication value is not within
the specified setting range at the instantaneous that the high-voltage is cut off,
it shall consider that the overvoltage protection device is not well adjusted or
failed.
During the test, it may not connect the generator. The controller is tested
separately.
plugged into the power supply. Use a grounding resistance meter to measure
the resistance between any possible live parts of the controller enclosure and
the power grounding terminal.
5.18 Determination of insulation strength of low-voltage
circuits
Each switch of the controller is placed in the ON position, but the power plug is
not plugged into the power supply. Between each terminal of the individual
circuit and the grounding terminal of the enclosure, use a withstanding voltage
tester which has a power of not less than 0.5 kW and an approximate sine wave
to perform test. The test voltage is as shown in Table 5. The test voltage is
gradually increased to the maximum value within 5 s to 10 s. After the test for 2
min, it is gradually decreased to below the test voltage and disconnects the test
voltage within 5 s ~ 10 s.
5.19 Determination of insulation strength of high-voltage
circuits
Cold state overvoltage test. The high-voltage switch is in the ON position, the
test voltage is applied to all high-voltage circuits, the test voltage is as shown
in Table 6. The test voltage is gradually increased to the maximum value within
5 s ~ 10 s, which is maintained for 1 min. The test voltage maintenance time is
as specified in the technical conditions (if the standard has special requirements,
it can be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the components).
After the test, gradually decrease it to below the working voltage within 5 s ~ 10
s, disconnect the test power supply. Hot state test. Adjusted over temperature
protection, it can increase temperature either naturally or relying on external
heat source (or equivalent method). Make the internal temperature of the X-ray
generator reach to 60 °C ± 5 °C, perform the test as described above.
5.20 Determination of primary insulation resistance of filament
transformer to ground
The controller switch is in the ON position, but the power plug is not plugged
into the power supply, use a 1.0-grade 500 V insulation resistance meter to
measure the insulation resistance.
selects +55 °C, low temperature selects -10 °C.
5.26 Packaging test
It is tested in accordance with the test method of JB/T 9329. The spray time is
30 min.
5.27 Normal working test when power supply voltage fluctuates
After making the connection as shown in Figure 8, make the power supply
voltage adjustment button on the controller of the X-ray machine in the normal
position, so that the voltage indication value is the power supply rating (such as
220 V for single phase), adjust the tube-voltage to the rated value, the tube-
current to the rated value, the exposure time to the rated value, to perform the
simulated exposure test at rated working state. Adjust the voltage regulator so
that the voltmeter indication value is 90% of the power supply rating (such as
198 V for single phase). It may adjust the power supply voltage adjustment knob
on the X-ray machine’s controller, to repeat the simulated exposure test under
rated working state. Adjust the voltage regulator so that the voltmeter indication
value is 110% of the power supply rating (for example, 242V for single phase).
It may adjust the power supply voltage adjustment knob on the X-ray machine’s
controller, to repeat the simulated exposure test under rated working state.
Figure 8 -- Schematic diagram of the electrical connection of the
instrument
During the test, there shall be no phenomenon of test interruption, otherwise, it
is considered to be abnormal.
The supply voltage variation during the test shall be less than 2.5%. The test
can be carried out simultaneously with the penetration test, the transillumination
sensitivity test and the like. The simulated exposure test under rated working
state during the test means that the test is carried out when the tube-voltage,
tube-current, and exposure time are all rated values, but the film is not placed.
Power supply ~ Voltage regulator X-ray machine
7 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
7.1 Marking
7.1.1 The obvious location of the generator’s outer surface shall be sprayed the
mark of “paying attention to the ionizing radiation”, which shall comply with the
requirements of Appendix F1 of GB 18871-2002.
7.1.2 The nameplate shall include the following information.
a) Model specifications, product names;
b) Main technical parameters (including rated tube-voltage, rated tube-
current, focus size, focus position);
c) The name, address and trademark of the manufacturer;
d) Date and number of exit-factory;
e) Certification mark.
7.1.3 The circumferential X-ray machine’s generator (at the window) shall have
a red ring mark.
7.2 Packaging
7.2.1 The X-ray machines shall use composite packaging in accordance with
the relevant provisions of GB/T 13384.
7.2.2 The characters and signs on the outer wall of the package shall be clear
and shall not be obscured by the long time, handling friction and rain. The
contents include at least.
a) The name and address of the manufacturer;
b) The product name and model specifications;
c) The receiving organization, address and shipping organization, address;
d) The packaging volume (length × width × height);
e) The packaging box shall be marked with the words such as “fragile items”,
“upward”, “avoid rain”, “no tumbling”, etc., the words or symbols shall be
in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 191;
f) Product implementation standard number and name.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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