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GB/T 36015-2018 PDF English

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GB/T 36015-2018: Non-destructive testing instruments - Performance and testing rules of industrial digital X-ray imaging system
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GB/T 36015-2018: Non-destructive testing instruments - Performance and testing rules of industrial digital X-ray imaging system


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NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 19.100 N 78 Non-destructive testing instruments – Performance and testing rules of industrial digital X-ray imaging system ISSUED ON: MARCH 15, 2018 IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 1, 2018 Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.

Table of Contents

Foreword ... 3 1 Scope ... 4 2 Normative references ... 4 3 Terms and definitions ... 5 4 Principle ... 6 5 Equipment requirements ... 6 6 Test procedure ... 9 7 Inspection rules ... 11 8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage ... 13 Annex A (Normative) Test method of system resolution ... 15 Annex B (Normative) IQI sensitivity test ... 18 Non-destructive testing instruments – Performance and testing rules of industrial digital X-ray imaging system

1 Scope

This Standard specifies the principle, equipment requirements, test procedure, testing rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of industrial digital X-ray imaging systems. This Standard applies to industrial digital X-ray imaging systems for testing metallic materials and non-metallic materials.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition dated applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documents (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 191, Packaging – Pictorial marking for handling of goods GB/T 12604.2, Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Terms used in radiographic testing GB/T 13384, General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical product GB/T 17618, Information technology equipment – Immunity characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement GB 18871, Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources GB/T 25480, Basic environmental conditions and testing methods for transportation and storage of instruments GB/T 26837-2011, Non-destructive testing instruments – Stationary type and movable type industrial X-ray radiographic equipment JB/T 7902-2015, Non-destructive testing – Specification for wire-type image protection facilities. 3.7 high voltage ripple coefficient Peak value of alternating components in high voltage generated by X-ray system. NOTE: Ripple coefficient = ripple voltage/output voltage. 3.8 system total unsharpness NOTE: The smaller the unsharpness is, the clearer the details are, which is expressed in mm. 3.9 image SNR Ratio of statistical standard deviations of average signals to signals of the zone in some zone of test images. 3.10 sensitivity of IQI Percentage of the diameter of IQI identifiable finest wire to the thickness of object to be tested in the central zone of images.

4 Principle

4.1 Photovoltaic conversion The process in which X-ray is received by a receiving-conversion device and converted into electrical signals. 4.2 Analog-digital conversion The process in which analog signals are converted into digital signals.

5 Equipment requirements

5.1 General 5.3.3 System image grade shall not be lower than 256. 5.4 Computer systems 5.4.1 Computer configuration Desktop computers, image workstations or notebook computers are preferably used; for poor working environment, industrial personal computers can be used. 5.4.2 CRT monitor CRT monitors are preferably used, whose dot pitch is not greater than 0.26 mm and refresh rate is greater than 75 Hz. 5.4.3 Image storage 5.4.3.1 Stored digital images shall include work piece number, image name, transmission thickness, technological parameter, date and other effective information and shall not be modified. Necessary information can be displayed along with images. 5.4.3.2 Images shall not be modified or deleted after storage; storage devices for a long term storage are preferably used. 5.4.3.3 Original, unprocessed data shall be stored in image storage. 5.4.4 Image processing software 5.4.4.1 It shall meet the technical standards specified for products to be tested. 5.4.4.2 It shall include image acquisition modules, image processing modules and image display modules; other functional modules such as image auxiliary evaluation and database management, are recommended to be added as required by actual test. 5.4.4.3 It shall have image geometrical dimensions and measurement and defect positioning functions. 5.5 System requirements 5.5.1 Resolution The system resolution of X-ray digital imaging devices shall be better than 1.5 LP/mm; the resolution test method shall be as specified in Annex A. 5.5.2 Sensitivity of IQI The sensitivity of IQI shall be better than 2.0%; the IQI sensitivity test method shall be as specified in Annex B. 6.4.1 Geometrical amplification In accordance with the relationships between the relative positions of X-ray generator (source), work piece to be tested and X-ray receiving-conversion device, see equation (1) for the geometrical amplification factor: where, M – the geometrical amplification factor; L1 – the distance from the focus of X-ray generator to the surface of work piece to be tested; L2 – the distance from the surface of work piece to be tested to the surface of ray receiving-conversion device. 6.4.2 Selection of amplification factor M For the optimum amplification factor see equation (2): where, Mopt – the optimum amplification factor; U – the inherent system unsharpness; d – the focus size. 6.5 Image quality 6.5.1 Test method Use metal wire IQI to test image quality. 6.5.2 Sensitivity of IQI Use the minimum identifiable wire diameter of geometric metal wire IQI to evaluate test sensitivity. 6.5.3 Improving image quality The method for improvement of image quality include:

8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage

8.1 Marking Nameplate shall include: a) type specifications and product name; b) major technical parameters; c) manufacturer name, address and trademark; d) data and number of production; e) mark of conformity. 8.2 Packaging 8.2.1 Systems shall be provided with composite packaging, as specified in GB/T 13384. 8.2.2 The words and marks on the wall of packaging boxes shall be legible and indelible which shall not be blurred because of rubbing in handling or rain. The content shall include at least: a) manufacturer name; b) product name and type specifications; c) name and address of receiver, and name and address of shipper; d) packaging volume (L×W×H); e) packaging boxes shall be marked with the words such as “upward”, “”fragile”, “keep dry” and “do not roll”, or the words or symbols for packaging, transportation and storage specified in GB/T 191; f) number and name of product standards implemented. 8.2.3 Packaging boxes shall enclose the following accompanying documents: a) packing list; b) conformity certificate; c) instruction manual; d) list of accessory (spare) parts attached. order to obtain the corresponding resolution values; Table A.1 lists the corresponding resolution values. For example, during determination, the position of the line pair, where it just starts to be incapable of distinguishing line pairs, is the 5th line pair behind the 3rd mark, then Table A.1 is looked up to obtain the corresponding resolution value 1.6 LP/mm. A.3 Test method for system resolution of X-ray digital imaging devices Place an X-ray test image resolution tester closely against the surface center area of the input screen of the X-ray detector, with grid bars forming an angle of 90° with the horizontal position; carry out transillumination under the following test conditions: a) the distance from the focus of X-ray tube to the surface of X-ray detector input scree is not less than 500 mm; b) select appropriate tube voltage and tube current to ensure images have appropriate degrees of brightness and contrast. A.4 Determination of X-ray digital imaging system resolution and system unsharpness A.4.1 Determination of X-ray digital imaging system resolution On the display screen, observe the image of X-ray test image resolution tester; observe a line pair where grid bars just start to separate, and then the value corresponding to the line pair is system resolution. A.4.2 Determination of system unsharpness On the display screen, observe the image of X-ray test image resolution tester; observe a line pair where grid bars just start to coincide, and then the grid bar width corresponding to the line pair is the inherent system unsharpness. ......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.