GB 20891-2014 PDF English (GB 20891-2007: Older version)
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[Including 2020XG1] Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel engines of non-road mobile machinery (CHINA III, IV)
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[Replaced by GB 20891-2014] Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel engines of non-road mobile machinery (I, Ⅱ)
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GB 20891-2014: PDF in English GB 20891-2014
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.040.50
Z 64
Replacing GB 20891-2007
Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants
from Diesel Engines of Non-road Mobile Machinery
(CHINA III, IV)
[Including Amendment 2020XG1]
ISSUED ON: MAY 16, 2014
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 1, 2014
Issued by: Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP);
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine (AQSIQ) of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative References ... 7
3 Terms and Definitions ... 7
4 Application and Authorization of Type Approval ... 13
5 Technical Requirements and Test ... 14
6 Production Conformity Inspection ... 17
7 Diesel Engine Label ... 19
8 Parameters for Determining Diesel Engine Family ... 20
9 Selection of Parent Engine ... 22
10 Standard Implementation ... 22
Appendix A (Normative) Type Approval Declaration Materials ... 24
Attachment AA (Normative) Basic Characteristics and Relevant Test Data of Diesel
Engine (Parent Engine)1) ... 26
Attachment AB (Normative) Basic Characteristics of Diesel Engine Family ... 34
Attachment AC (Normative) Basic Characteristics of Diesel Engine Type in Family1)
36
Appendix B (Normative) Test Regulations ... 42
Attachment BA (Normative) Measurement and Sampling Specification ... 50
Attachment BB (Normative) Calibration Specification ... 57
Attachment BC (Normative) Data Determination and Calculation ... 67
Attachment BD (Normative) Technical requirements for durability ... 76
Attachment BE (Normative) Set specification for setting of engine dynamometer in
NRTC test cycle ... 79
Appendix C (Normative) Sample system for Gas and Particulate Matter ... 88
Appendix D (Normative) Technical Requirements of Reference Diesel1) ... 116
Appendix E (Normative) Devices and Accessories Installed for Diesel Engine Power
Test ... 119
Appendix F (Normative) Type Approval Certificate ... 122
Attachment FA (Normative) Test Results ... 124
Appendix G (Normative) Production Conformity ... 127
Appendix H (Informative) Bibliography ... 129
AMD 1-2020 [2020XG1] ... 131
Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants
from Diesel Engines of Non-road Mobile Machinery
(CHINA III, IV)
1 Scope
The standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for the exhaust pollutant from
diesel engines of non-road mobile machinery (including marine diesel engines with a rated net
power not exceeding 37kW) and the secondary diesel engines installed on road vehicles for
carrying people (cargo).
This Standard is applicable to type approval and production conformity inspection of the diesel
engines installed for the following (including but not limited to) non-road mobile machinery,
with rated net power not exceeding 560kW and operating at non-permanent speed, e.g.:
-- Industrial drilling equipment;
-- Engineering machinery (including loader, bulldozer, road roller, asphalt paver, truck for
non-highway, excavator, etc.);
-- Agricultural machinery (including large tractor, combine-harvester, etc.);
-- Forestry machinery;
-- Material handling machinery;
-- Snow-plough equipment;
-- Airport ground servicing equipment.
This Standard is applicable to type approval and production conformity inspection of the diesel
engines installed for the following (including but not limited to) non-road mobile machinery,
with rated net power not exceeding 560kW and operating at non-permanent speed, e.g.:
-- Air compressor;
-- Generator unit;
-- Fishery machinery (automatic aerator, pond excavator, etc.);
-- Water pump.
stand and under the test condition specified in this Standard.
Note: In net power test, the devices and accessories installed in diesel engine are detailed in Appendix E and the used equivalent
fuel technical parameters are detailed in Appendix D.
3.14 Rated net power
Net power indicated by the manufacturing enterprise for diesel engine type-approval.
3.15 Rated speed
Full-load maximum speed specified in the manufacturing enterprise's operating instructions and
allowed by speed governor; if the diesel engine is not equipped with speed governor, it refers
to the speed at the maximum power of diesel engine specified in the manufacturing enterprise's
operating instructions.
3.16 Percent load
Percentage of maximum torque obtained at a certain speed of diesel engine.
3.17 Intermediate speed
Speed of diesel engine designed to operate at non-permanent speed and meeting one of the
following conditions when operating according to full load torque curve:
-- If the nominal maximum torque speed is 60%~75% of the rated speed, the intermediate
speed shall take the nominal maximum torque speed;
-- If the nominal maximum torque speed is less than 60% of the rated speed, the intermediate
speed shall take 60% of the rated speed;
-- If the nominal maximum torque speed is greater than 75% of the rated speed, the
intermediate speed shall take 75% of the rated speed.
3.18 Useful life
Service time which is specified in Article 5.2.2 of this Standard, ensures normal operation of
diesel engines of non-road mobile machinery and their emission control systems (if any) and
meets the relevant gaseous pollutants and particulate matter emission limits, and has been
confirmed in type approval.
3.19 Replacement diesel engine
New diesel engine of non-road mobile machinery only used for components renewal.
3.20 Abbreviations, symbols and units
3.20.1 Test parameter symbols
4.2.1 The type approval institution authorizes the type approval for diesel engine type (or
family) meeting the requirements of Article 5 and Appendix G of this Standard, and issues type
approval certificate specified in Appendix F.
4.2.2 When the diesel engine is capable of completing its function only operating in
combination with other parts of non-road mobile machinery or provides an operating
characteristic, the type approval must verify whether one or more requirements when the diesel
engine operates in combination with other parts of non-road mobile machinery (no matter real
or analogic) are met. The range of diesel engine type-approval shall be restricted according to
these conditions; the type approval certificate of diesel engine type or family shall cover service
restriction conditions and installation instructions.
4.3 Exemption of type approval
For diesel engines used for special purposes such as export, exhibition, rescue, emergency,
matching test and replacement, application for type approval exemption can be filed to type
approval competent authority. Documents need to be submitted to competent authorities include:
model, power, manufacturing plant, purpose, emission standard phase, quantity, production
date, etc.
5 Technical Requirements and Test
5.1 General
The technical measures taken by the manufacturing enterprises must ensure the emission of
diesel engine under normal operating conditions and within the useful life period specified in
Article 5.2.2 of this Standard meets the requirements of this Standard.
The durability test shall be completed through mature-technology engineering method in
accordance with the technical requirements in Attachment BD of this Standard. In the durability
test process, the parts such as diesel oil filter element and engine oil filter element or system
may be periodically replaced, and such work must be conducted within the allowable
technology range. The requirements for system maintenance must be included in the user's
manual (including warranty of manufacturing enterprise for durability of exhaust aftertreatment
device). When the manufacturing enterprise applies for type approval, the content summary
related to aftertreatment device maintenance and replacement in the operating instructions must
be included in type approval declaration materials described in Appendix A.
5.2 Provisions for exhaust pollutants
5.2.1 Test regulations and sampling system
The measurement and sampling regulations for exhaust pollutants from diesel engine shall be
in accordance with those specified in Attachment BA of Appendix B, and the test cycle shall be
in accordance with stable-state test cycle specified in Table B.1 or Table B.2 or Table B.3 of
Appendix B. In Phase IV, non-constant speed diesel engine not exceeding 560 kW also need to
type approval specified in Attachment AA.1.18.
5.3.2 The exhaust back pressure shall not exceed the back pressure of the engine subjected to
type approval specified in Attachment AA.1.19.
6 Production Conformity Inspection
The manufacturing enterprise shall take measures according to the requirements of Appendix
G to guarantee production conformity.
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 For diesel engine type (or family) of non-road mobile machinery subjected to type
approval and produced in batch, the manufacturing enterprise must take measures to ensure
diesel engine type (or family) is in conformity with emission declaration materials of this diesel
engine type (or family).
6.1.2 The type approval institution shall conduct production conformity inspection based on
the content of emission declaration materials of this diesel engine type (or family) of non-road
mobile machinery.
6.1.3 The type approval institution may take prototypes according to the requirements of
Article 6.2 in the manufacturing enterprise based on the need of supervision and management.
6.1.4 If some diesel engine type (or family) fails to meet the requirements of Article 5 of this
Standard, the manufacturing enterprise shall positively take measures to recover production
conformity assurance system. The type approval institution, before the production conformity
assurance system of this diesel engine type (or family) is recovered, may temporarily cancel
the type approval certificate of this diesel engine type (or family).
6.1.5 The production conformity inspection shall use commercially available diesel oil
specified in GB 252; as required by the manufacturing enterprise, the reference diesel oil
described in Appendix D may be used.
6.2 Production conformity inspection of diesel engine emission
6.2.1 One prototype shall be randomly taken from the diesel engines produced in batch. The
manufacturing enterprise shall not make any adjustment for the diesel engines sampled for
inspection, but may conduct grinding-in according to the manufacturing enterprise's technical
specification.
6.2.2 If the brake specific emission of gaseous pollutants and particulate matters of the taken
diesel engines, after being corrected according to the deterioration coefficient or deterioration
correction value determined in type approval does not exceed the limit requirements specified in
Article 5 of this Standard, then the production conformity of this batch of products is qualified.
6.2.3 If one diesel engine randomly taken from the products in batch fails to meet the limit
brake specific emission of a certain exhaust pollutant of any sample among the three sample
engines exceeds 1.1 times of the limits or their average values exceed the limits.
6.3 Production conformity inspection of catalytic converter
6.3.1 Randomly take three sets of catalytic converters from the assembly line or products in
batch for carrying out measurement for their carrier volume and the content of each precious
metal according to the requirements of HJ 509-2009.
6.3.2 Determination criteria for the production conformity of catalytic converter:
-- If the measurement results of the carrier volume and the content of each precious metal
of the three sets of tested catalytic converter are not less than 0.85 times the declared
values and the average is not less than 0.9 times the declared value, the production
conformity inspection for catalytic converter is determined qualified.
-- If the measurement results of the carrier volume and the content of each precious metal
of any one of the three sets of tested catalytic converter are less than 0.85 times the
declared values, or the average is less than 0.9 times the declared value, the production
conformity inspection for catalytic converter is determined unqualified.
7 Diesel Engine Label
7.1 The manufacturing enterprise shall install a same label on each diesel engine in production,
and the labels shall meet the following requirements:
a) The labels shall be unable to be removed unless damaging the labels or the appearance of
engines;
b) The labels, within the service life of diesel engine, must be clear and easy to see;
c) The label shall be fixed to the part which is required for the engine to operate normally and
does not need to be replaced frequently within the service life of diesel engine.
d) When the diesel engine is installed on mobile machinery, the position of label shall be
conspicuous for the lable to be easy to see by ordinary person.
7.2 If the label are not easy to see due to the cover of machinery after installed on mobile
machinery, the engine manufacturing enterprise shall provide an additional label to the mobile
machinery manufacturing enterprise.The additional label shall meet the following requirements:
a) The labels shall be unable to be removed unless damaging the labels or the appearance of
engines;
b) The label shall be fixed to the part which is required for the engine to operate normally and
does not need to be replaced frequently within the service life of diesel engine.
7.3 The label shall include the following information:
a) Corresponding power section that authorized type approval described in Article 5.2.3, limit
stage, and type approval number described in Appendix F.
b) The type, family name, power parameter of the diesel engine;
c) The production date of the diesel engine: ymd ("daily" is optional.) If the production date is
already marked on other parts, repeat mark on label is not necessary.；
d) Full name of the manufacturing enterprise of the diesel engine;
e) For the diesel engines with aftertreatment devices, the types of aftertreatment devices (e.g.
Selective catalytic reduction device, particulates collector, etc.) shall be noted too;
f) Other information the manufacturing enterprise regards as important.
7.4 For the diesel engine with type approval exemption according to Article 4.3, its label shall not
only meet the requirements specified in Article 7.1 to Article 7.3, but also indicate the purposes of
the diesel engine and the exemption reason.
7.5 The label must be installed before diesel engine accomplishs final examination and leaves
production line.
7.6 The position of diesel engine label shall be declared in Appendix A and described in type
approval certificate of Appendix F.
8 Parameters for Determining Diesel Engine Family
The diesel engine family shall be determined according to the necessary common basic design
parameters of the diesel engine in the family. Under certain conditions, some design parameters
may have mutual influence which must be taken into account so as to ensure only the diesel
engine with similar emission characteristic is included in a diesel engine family.
The diesel engines of the same family must jointly have the following basic parameters and
types:
8.1 Operating cycle
- 2-stroke
- 4-stroke
8.2 Cooling medium
- Air
- Water
- Air jet
- Supercharge intercooling system
8.9 Exhaust aftertreatment
- Oxidation catalyst
- Reduction catalyst
- Thermal reactor
- Particulate matter trap
9 Selection of Parent Engine
9.1 The selection of parent engines in diesel engine family shall take the maximum fuel oil
feed capacity per stroke at maximum torque speed as the first choice principle; if two or more
diesel engines meet the first choice principle, the maximum fuel oil feed capacity per stroke at
rated speed shall be taken as the second choice principle. In Article 5.2.4 or under some
conditions, another one (or several) diesel engine may be selected for test to determine the worst
emission ratio in the family. Thus, one (or several) diesel engine may be added for test, and the
selected diesel engines have the worst emission level in this family.
9.2 If the diesel engines in the family have other variable characteristics influencing the
emission, these characteristics, during parent engine selection, shall be determined and taken
into account.
10 Standard Implementation
All the diesel engines of non-road mobile machinery subjected to emission type approval of
exhaust pollutants from the date of October 1, 2014 must meet the requirements of this Standard
in Phase III. Before this specified implementation date, the type approval application and
authorization may be conducted according to the corresponding requirements of this Standard.
For diesel engines of non-road mobile machinery of which the type approval is authorized
according to this Standard, the production conformity inspection shall be performed as the date
of authorization.
From October 1, 2015, the manufacture and sales of Phase II non-road mobile machinery diesel
engines shall be terminated. For all the non-road mobile machinery diesel engines manufactured
and put into market, its emission of exhaust pollutants must meet the requirements of this Standard
of Phase III. From April 1, 2016, the manufacture, import, and sales of non-road mobile machinery
installed with Phase II diesel engine shall be terminated. All non-road mobile machinery
manufactured, imported and put into market shall install diesel engines meeting the requirements of
this Standard of Phase III.
0.96≤fa≤1.06
B.2.2.3 For supercharged intercooled diesel engine, the temperature of cooling medium and
supercharged air must be recorded. The intercooling temperature at rated net power point shall be
within ± 5℃ of the temperature specified by the manufacturing enterprise; and intercooling
temperature shall be above 20℃.
B.2.3 Intake system of diesel engine
The test diesel engine shall be equipped with a set of intake system, and the intake pressure
drop shall be the upper limit specified by the manufacturing enterprise: intake pressure drop
generated by clean air filter under the maximum intake flow operating condition of diesel
engine specified by the manufacturing enterprise.
If the laboratory system may represent the actual operating condition of diesel engine, it may
be used.
B.2.4 Exhaust system of diesel engine
The test diesel engine shall be equipped with a set of exhaust system, and the exhaust back
pressure shall be the upper limit specified by the manufacturing enterprise: exhaust back
pressure generated under the maximum rated net power operating condition of diesel engine.
B.2.5 Cooling system
The cooling system of diesel engine shall be provided with adequate capacity to make the diesel
engine keep the normal working temperature specified by the manufacturing enterprise.
B.2.6 Lubricating oil
The specification of lubricating oil used in the test shall be recorded.
B.2.7 Test fuel oil
The reference fuel specified in Table D.1 and Table D.2 of Appendix D shall be used in the test.
Cetane number, sulfur content and density of reference fuel for test use shall be separately
recorded in Article FA.1.1 of Attachment FA.
The fuel oil temperature at injection pump inlet shall be 306~316K (33~43℃) or meet the
manufacturing enterprise's requirements.
B.2.8 Power
In the test, some accessories installed on diesel engine and only used for manipulating non-road
mobile machinery shall be dismantled. Such as:
-- Air compressor for braking;
B.3.3 Start dilution system and diesel engine
Start and preheat dilution system and diesel engine until all the temperatures and pressures at
full load and rated speed reach the requirements specified by the manufacturing enterprise.
B.3.4 Regulate dilution ratio
The setting of diluent air shall guarantee the surface temperature of filter paper of each test
operating condition not exceeding 325K (52℃), and the total dilution ratio shall not be less
than 4.
For single filter paper method of full-flow dilution system, the sampling mass flow through
filter paper and the diluted exhaust mass flow under all the operating conditions (except the
first 10s of each operating condition for the system without bypass capacity) shall keep a
constant proportion, and the deviation of this mass flow ratio shall be controlled within ±5%.
For single filter paper method of partial flow dilution system, the sampling mass flow through
filter paper under all the operating conditions (except the first 10s of each operating condition
for the system without bypass capacity) shall keep constant, and its deviation shall be within
±5%.
B.3.5 Measure background particulate matter
For single filter paper method (optional multiple filter paper method), start particulate matter
sampling system and operate under bypass conditions. Sample particulate matter for diluent air
according to the method specified in Attachment BA, and measure the background particulate
matter value of diluent air. If the diluent air is filtered, measure once at any time before, during
or after the test. If not, measure three times at least (i.e.: after start, close to test cycle middle
and before end), and then average.
B.3.6 Measure background diluent air concentration
For the system which controls the dilution ratio through measuring CO2 and NOx concentration,
the content of CO2 and NOx in diluent air shall be measured at the beginning and end of each
test, and the background concentration of CO2 and NOx in diluent air measured before and after
the test shall be within 100x10-6 and 5x10-6, respectively.
If diluted exhaust analysis system is used, the relevant background concentration shall be
determined according to the diluent air collected into the sampling bag during the whole test
process.
The continuous background concentration (without sampling bag) shall be measured for three
times at least before the test, close to test cycle middle and after the test, and then averaged. As
required by the manufacturing enterprise, the background measurement may be neglected.
B.3.7 Check analyzer
The zero point and span point of emission analyzer shall be calibrated.
to obtain adequate particulate matter mass on measuring filter paper.
The operating condition time shall be recorded and written into the report.
The concentration value of gaseous pollutants shall be measured and recorded at last 3min of
each operating condition.
Before the diesel engine reaches stable state, the sampling of particulate matter and the
measurement of gaseous pollutants shall not be carried out, and the stable conditions shall be
determined by the manufacturing enterprise. The completion time of particulate matter
sampling and gaseous pollutants measurement shall be consistent.
The fuel oil temperature shall be measured at the position specified by the manufacturing
enterprise or at the inlet of fuel injection pump, and the position of the measuring point shall be
recorded.
B.3.8.5 Analyzer response
The exhaust shall pass through the analyzer at last 3min of each operating condition, and the
output result of the analyzer shall be recorded with magnetic tape recorder or equivalent data
acquisition system. If the diluted CO and CO2 gases are measured through sampling bag method,
the exhaust shall be put into the sampling bag at last 3min of each operating condition, and then
the sampling bag shall be analyzed and the result shall be recorded.
B.3.8.6 Particulate matter sampling
For the particulate matter sampling through single filter paper method or multiple filter paper
method, the results generated due to different methods may be different slightly, thus the
method used must be described together with the result.
For single filter paper method, the weighting coefficient in test cycle shall be considered in the
sampling process, and the sampling flow and sampling time shall be regulated hereby.
Sampling must be carried out at the end of each operating condition as much as possible; the
sampling time of each operating condition shall be 20s at least for single filter paper method
and 60s at least for multiple filter paper method; for the system without bypass function, the
sampling time of each operating condition must be 60s at least for single filter paper and
multiple filter paper methods.
B.3.8.7 State of diesel engine
After the diesel engine of each operating condition stabilizes, the speed, load, intake
temperature, fuel flow, intake or exhaust flow of diesel engine shall be measured.
If it is impossible to measure the exhaust flow or intake flow, but possible to measure the fuel
consumption, the calculation may be carried out through carbon balance method or oxygen
balance method.
GB 20891-2014
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.040.50
Z 64
Replacing GB 20891-2007
Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants
from Diesel Engines of Non-road Mobile Machinery
(CHINA III, IV)
[Including Amendment 2020XG1]
ISSUED ON. MAY 16, 2014
IMPLEMENTED ON. OCTOBER 1, 2014
Issued by. Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP);
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine (AQSIQ) of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative References... 7
3 Terms and Definitions... 7
4 Application and Authorization of Type Approval... 13
5 Technical Requirements and Test... 14
6 Production Conformity Inspection... 17
7 Diesel Engine Label... 19
8 Parameters for Determining Diesel Engine Family... 20
9 Selection of Parent Engine... 22
10 Standard Implementation... 22
Appendix A (Normative) Type Approval Declaration Materials... 24
Attachment AA (Normative) Basic Characteristics and Relevant Test Data of Diesel
Engine (Parent Engine)1)... 26
Attachment AB (Normative) Basic Characteristics of Diesel Engine Family... 34
Attachment AC (Normative) Basic Characteristics of Diesel Engine Type in Family1)
36
Appendix B (Normative) Test Regulations... 42
Attachment BA (Normative) Measurement and Sampling Specification... 50
Attachment BB (Normative) Calibration Specification... 57
Attachment BC (Normative) Data Determination and Calculation... 67
Attachment BD (Normative) Technical requirements for durability... 76
Attachment BE (Normative) Set specification for setting of engine dynamometer in
NRTC test cycle... 79
Appendix C (Normative) Sample system for Gas and Particulate Matter... 88
Appendix D (Normative) Technical Requirements of Reference Diesel1)... 116
Appendix E (Normative) Devices and Accessories Installed for Diesel Engine Power
Test... 119
Appendix F (Normative) Type Approval Certificate... 122
Attachment FA (Normative) Test Results.......
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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