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Protective clothing--High visibility warning clothing for professional use
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GB 20653-2020: PDF in English GB 20653-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.340.10
C 73
Replacing GB 20653-2006
Protective clothing - High visibility warning clothing for
professional use
(ISO 20471:2013, High visibility clothing - Test methods and requirements,
MOD)
ISSUED ON: JULY 23, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: AUGUST 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative references ... 7
3 Terms and definitions ... 9
4 Level and design requirements ... 10
5 Performance requirements for background materials, non-fluorescent materials and
combined-performance materials ... 14
6 Reflective performance requirements for retroreflective materials and combined-
performance materials ... 17
7 Test methods ... 19
8 Marks, maintenance labels and instructions for use ... 22
Annex A (informative) Typical design styles of warning clothing ... 24
Annex B (informative) Chromaticity diagrams for background materials and combined-
performance materials ... 28
Annex C (normative) Method for determination of retro reflection coefficient ... 29
Annex D (normative) Arrangement of reflective tapes during industrial washing ... 34
Annex E (normative) Method for determination of reflective performance in rainy
conditions ... 35
Annex F (informative) Environmental risk level and visibility clothing design guidance
... 38
Bibliography ... 41
Protective clothing - High visibility warning clothing for
professional use
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the design requirements, material performance requirements,
reflective performance requirements, test methods, marks, maintenance labels and
instructions for use of high visibility warning clothing for occupational use.
This Standard applies to high visibility warning clothing worn by workers in low-
visibility environments to improve their visual visibility.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 250, Textiles -- Tests for colour fastness -- Grey scale for assessing change in
colour (GB/T 250-2008, ISO 105-A02:1993, IDT)
GB/T 251, Textiles -- Tests for colour fastness -- Grey scale for assessing staining
(GB/T 251-2008, ISO 105-A03:1993, IDT)
GB/T 1335.1, Standard sizing systems for garments -- Men
GB/T 1335.2, Standard sizing systems for garments -- Women
GB/T 3920, Textiles -- Tests for colour fastness -- Colour fastness to rubbing (GB/T
3920-2008, ISO 105-X12:2001, MOD)
GB/T 3922, Textiles -- Tests for colour fastness -- Colour fastness to perspiration
(GB/T 3922-2013, ISO 105-E04:2013, MOD)
GB/T 3923.1, Textiles -- Tensile properties of fabrics -- Part 1: Determination of
maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method (GB/T
3923.1-2013, ISO 13934-1:1999, MOD)
GB/T 3978, Standard illuminants and geometric conditions (GB/T 3978-2008, CIE
15:2004, CIE S005:1999, NEQ)
GB/T 3979, Methods for the measurement of object color (GB/T 3979-2008, CIE
Materials that have both background material properties and retroreflective material
properties.
3.8 orientation sensitive material
Retroreflective material that when the rotation angles are 0° and 90° respectively, the
difference in retro reflection coefficient is greater than 15%.
3.9 non-fluorescent material
The fabric that usually forms the main body of the outer layer of warning clothing
together with the background material does not meet the requirements for
retroreflective materials and background materials in this Standard.
4 Level and design requirements
4.1 Level
According to the relative strength of visibility, high visibility warning clothing (warning
clothing for short) is divided into 3 levels. Each level of warning clothing shall contain
a corresponding area of visible material (background material, retroreflective material,
or combined-performance material). The minimum usage area of visible materials on
warning clothing is shown in Table 1.
When measuring area, the smallest design size of the clothing shall be selected. Fasten
all zippers, buckles and other fasteners to the minimum position. Place the clothing flat
on a table to measure. The measurement area includes the trunk and limbs.
When calculating the usage area of visibility materials, only materials that meet the
design requirements of 4.2 are included. When using two or more background materials,
color is not considered. Calculate area uniformly. Patterns, printing or labels of any kind
are not included in the calculation of the minimum visible area in Table 1.
A single piece of clothing or a complete set of clothing (such as a top and pants) can be
assessed as a warning clothing level. If after the user puts on the entire set of clothing,
the visible material area of the entire set of clothing satisfies a warning clothing level
higher than that of any single piece of clothing, the level of the warning clothing can be
assessed based on the visible material area of the entire set of clothing. The warning
clothing level of the entire clothing shall be marked on the label and instructions for use
of each individual clothing.
To ensure 360° visibility, all sides of the clothing shall be designed with visible
materials. Horizontal reflective tape and fluorescent material shall surround the torso,
pant legs and sleeves. The area of visible materials configured on the front and back of
clothing shall not be less than 40% of the minimum usage area of visible materials for
corresponding level warning clothing.
shirts/coats, T-shirts, etc.)
The design of warning clothing (such as jackets, shirts/coats, T-shirts, etc.) that covers
the upper torso and arms shall meet the following requirements. See Figure A.2 for a
schematic diagram of typical design styles.
a) The background material shall surround the upper torso area and sleeves. The
width shall not be less than 50 mm (the area where the background material is
interrupted by the reflective tape is not included). The minimum width of
reflective tape for level 2 and level 3 warning clothing is 50 mm. The minimum
width of reflective tape for level 1 warning clothing is 25 mm.
b) Warning clothing covering the upper torso and arms shall have at least one
reflective strip surrounding the torso. The maximum tilt angle between the
reflective tape and the horizontal line is ±20°. There shall be a reflective strip on
each shoulder extending from chest to back. Extend at least 15 cm from the
shoulder seam to the chest and back or connect to the reflective tape on the torso.
The distance between the bottom of the lowest reflective tape on the torso and the
bottom of the clothing shall be no less than 50 mm. If the clothing has multiple
horizontal reflective tapes, the distance between two adjacent ones shall be no
less than 50 mm.
c) Alternatively, warning clothing covering the upper torso and arms shall have at
least two reflective tapes surrounding the torso when reflective tape surrounds the
sleeves. The distance between adjacent reflective strips shall not be less than 50
mm. The maximum tilt angle between the reflective tape and the horizontal line
is ±20°. The distance between the bottom of the lowest reflective tape on the torso
and the bottom edge of the clothing shall not be less than 50 mm.
d) If the sleeve significantly blocks a horizontal reflective strip on the torso, a circle
of reflective strip shall be placed around the sleeve. If it is long sleeves, the
sleeves shall be surrounded by two reflective tapes spaced no less than 50 mm
apart.
e) If the sleeves significantly block two horizontal reflective strips on the torso, the
sleeves shall be surrounded by two reflective strips spaced no less than 50 mm
apart. The distance between the bottom of the lowest reflective tape and the edge
of the cuff shall be no less than 50 mm. You can move your arms in different
postures and observe how well the sleeves block the horizontal reflective tape.
f) The gaps along the length of strips made of retroreflective material or combined-
performance material (such as plackets or seams) shall be no greater than 50 mm.
If the strip wraps around the torso or sleeves, the total gap on the strip shall not
larger than 100 mm.
4.2.3 Warning clothing that mainly covers the legs (such as trousers, overalls, etc.)
The design of warning clothing that mainly covers the legs (such as trousers, overalls,
etc.) shall meet the following requirements. See Figure A.3 for a schematic diagram of
typical design styles.
a) The background material shall wrap around the pant leg. The width is not less than
50 mm (the area where the background material is interrupted by the reflective
tape is not included). The minimum width of reflective tape for level 2 and level
3 warning clothing is 50 mm. The minimum width of reflective tape for level 1
warning clothing is 25 mm.
b) Warning clothing covering the legs shall have at least two reflective strips spaced
no less than 50 mm apart. The maximum tilt angle of the reflective tape is ±20°.
The distance between the bottom of the lowest reflective tape and the edge of the
pants opening shall be no less than 50 mm.
c) The gaps in the length direction of strips composed of retroreflective materials or
combined-performance materials (such as plackets or seams) shall not be greater
than 50 mm.
4.2.4 Warning clothing that covers the upper torso and legs (such as sleeveless
coveralls)
The design of warning clothing (such as sleeveless overalls) that covers the upper torso
and legs shall meet the following requirements. See Figure A.4 for a schematic diagram
of typical design styles.
a) The background material shall surround the upper torso area and pant legs. The
width is not less than 50 mm (the area where the background material is
interrupted by the reflective tape is not included). The minimum width of
reflective tape for level 2 and level 3 warning clothing is 50 mm. The minimum
width of reflective tape for level 1 warning clothing is 25 mm.
b) The requirements of 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 shall be met simultaneously.
4.2.5 Warning clothing that covers the upper torso, arms and legs (such as
coveralls)
Warning clothing that covers the upper torso, arms and legs (such as coveralls) shall be
designed to meet the following requirements. See Figure A.5 for a schematic diagram
of typical design styles.
a) The background material shall surround the upper torso area, sleeves, and pant
legs. The width is not less than 50 mm (the area where the background material
is interrupted by the reflective tape is not included). The minimum width of
reflective tape for level 2 and level 3 warning clothing is 50 mm. The minimum
width of reflective tape for level 1 warning clothing is 25 mm.
The breaking strength of woven materials in the warp and weft directions shall not be
less than 100 N.
5.5.2 Bursting strength of knitted materials
Test according to the method specified in GB/T 7742.1.
When the test area is 50 cm2, the bursting strength shall not be less than 100 kPa. Or,
when the test area is 7.3 cm2, the bursting strength shall not be less than 200 kPa.
5.5.3 Breaking strength and tearing strength of coated fabrics and composite
fabrics
When the outermost material of the warning clothing is coated fabric or composite
fabric, the breaking strength shall not be less than 100 N (not applicable to materials
with an elongation greater than 50%). Test according to method 1 specified in HG/T
2580-2008.
The tearing strength shall be no less than 20 N (not applicable to materials with
elongation greater than 50%). Test according to Method A specified in HG/T 2581.1-
2009.
5.6 Moisture permeability
Test according to the method specified in GB/T 12704.1.
Except for vests and pullover vests with openings on both sides, the moisture
permeability of the background material and non-fluorescent materials shall not be less
than 5000 g/(m2 · 24h).
5.7 Chemical safety performance requirements
Background materials and non-fluorescent materials shall meet the following
requirements.
a) pH value is between 4.0~8.5;
b) The formaldehyde content shall not be greater than 75 mg/kg (direct contact with
skin), or not greater than 300 mg/kg (indirect contact with skin). Conduct pH
value and formaldehyde content tests according to 6.1 and 6.2 of GB 18401-2010.
6 Reflective performance requirements for retroreflective
materials and combined-performance materials
6.1 Reflective properties before physical testing
relative humidity of (65±4)%. If the test needs to be conducted under other conditions,
the test shall be conducted within 5 min after the specimen is removed from the
humidity-controlled environment.
7.2 Color performance
The standard illuminant D65 light source specified in GB/T 3978, the geometric
condition 45/0, and the 2° standard chromaticity observer are used. Test according to
the method specified in GB/T 3979.
During the test, there shall be a black padding underneath the single-layer specimen
(including the original padding or lining of the clothing). The retro reflection coefficient
of the backing shall be less than 0.04.
Test at least once in each of the four orthogonal directions. Take its mean value. If the
light source is incident from the annulus, only one measurement can be performed.
7.3 Dimensional changes in materials
The preparation, labeling and measurement of samples shall be carried out in
accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T 8628-2013.
Priority shall be given to cleaning according to the cleaning methods and procedures
recommended in the clothing's instructions for use.
When warning clothing is suitable for industrial laundering, industrial laundering is
preferred.
When suitable for home washing, the procedures specified in GB/T 8629-2017 shall be
followed. If the clothing care label does not indicate a washing procedure, the 6N
program shall be used for washing. A complete wash cycle includes washing and drying.
When it is only suitable for dry cleaning, the procedures specified in GB/T 19981.2
shall be followed.
After completing 5 cleanings according to the selected method, take dimensional
measurements.
7.4 Reflective properties
The retro reflection coefficient shall be tested according to the method specified in
Annex C. If the size of a single reflective tape cannot meet the test requirements, it can
be spliced. The retro reflection coefficient shall be measured at two rotation angles of
0° and 90° respectively. The position of 0° rotation angle is determined according to the
following conditions:
A) Clear orientation markings on each specimen;
b) Material manufacturers provide clear instructions.
If there are no markings or instructions, the 0° rotation angle position can be chosen
arbitrarily.
7.5 Physical test
7.5.1 Wear resistance
Test according to the specimen inversion mode in GB/T 21196.2. A downward pressure
of 9 kPa is applied during the test. Use wool fabric abrasive. After 5000 cycles of wear,
the retro reflection coefficient of the specimen is tested.
7.5.2 Yielding
According to the provisions of Method A in GB/T 12586-2003. Perform a yielding test
on the specimen. After 7500 cycles of yielding, the retro reflection coefficient of the
specimen is tested.
7.5.3 Low temperature bending
According to the provisions of GB/T 18426, place and fold the specimen at (-20±2)℃.
Adjust humidity for at least 2 h under the conditions specified in 7.1.2. Then test the
retro reflection coefficient.
7.5.4 Temperature change
Take two 100 mm long reflective tapes and perform the following preprocessing steps:
a) Place it under the conditions of (50±2)℃ for 12 h, and then proceed to item b)
immediately;
b) Place at (-30±2)℃ for 20 h;
c) Adjust humidity for at least 2 h under the conditions specified in 7.1.2.
Then the reflective tapes are spliced into a 100mm×100mm specimen. Test the retro
reflection coefficient of the specimen.
7.5.5 Water washing and dry cleaning
7.5.5.1 Sample selection
Finished clothing shall be selected, or the background material and retroreflective
material can be fixed and then cleaned.
7.5.5.2 Fixing method
For household laundering and dry cleaning, take three 300mm x 250mm specimens of
background material. Two 250 mm reflective tapes are fixed to each background
material specimen. The spacing between the two strips is 50 mm.
For industrial laundering, follow Annex D for sampling and positioning.
7.5.5.3 Cleaning methods
Priority shall be given to cleaning according to the cleaning methods and procedures
recommended in the clothing's instructions for use.
If the cleaning method is unclear, when the warning clothing is suitable for washing,
the 6 N procedure specified in GB/T 8629-2017 shall be used. A complete wash cycle
shall include washing and drying. When it is only suitable for dry cleaning, the
procedures specified in GB/T 19981.2 shall be followed.
If a maximum number of cleanings is given in the product instructions, this maximum
number of cleanings shall be followed. If the product instructions do not give a number
of cleanings, 15 cleanings shall be performed.
7.6 Getting wet in rain
The specimens shall be tested according to the method specified in Annex E.
Orientation sensitive materials shall be tested at a rotation angle with a smaller retro
reflection coefficient in the dry state.
8 Marks, maintenance labels and instructions for use
8.1 Marks
Product marks shall include the following information:
a) Clothing shall have durable maintenance labels on the inside of their collars and
waistbands. The label shall contain product information such as product name,
size or specification, washing method, and warning clothing graphic symbols (see
Figure 1). Instructions for use shall indicate the product name, as well as
production information such as factory name, factory address, product execution
standards, washing methods;
b) The graphic symbols of the warning clothing and the level of the warning clothing
shall be marked on the label and instruction manual of each single piece of
clothing. It shall be stated that the level is used as a complete set of warning
clothing, or as a level of a single piece of warning clothing.
8.2 Maintenance labels
The maintenance label of the warning clothing shall indicate the maintenance method
Annex C
(normative)
Method for determination of retro reflection coefficient
C.1 Terms and definitions
C.1.1 retroreflector
Reflective surface or device with retroreflective properties.
C.1.2 retroreflector center
A point on or near a retroreflector used to indicate the location of a retroreflector.
C.1.3 reference axis
A straight line starting from the reference center and perpendicular to the reflective
surface of the test specimen.
C.1.4 illumination axis
A ray emanating from the center of the retroreflector and passing through the light
source point.
C.1.5 observation axis
A ray emanating from the center of the retroreflector and passing through the
observation point.
C.1.6 entrance angle; β
The angle between the axis of illumination and the axis of the retroreflector.
C.1.7 observation angle; α
The angle between the illumination axis and the observation axis.
C.1.8 coefficient of luminous intensity; RI
The luminous intensity I of the retro reflection in the viewing direction is divided by
the illuminance of the plane directed toward the retroreflector and falling
perpendicular to the direction of the incident light.
Annex E
(normative)
Method for determination of reflective performance in rainy conditions
E.1 Principle
Install the specimen on a vertical plane and continuously spray water on the specimen.
During the water spraying process, measure the retro reflection coefficient value of the
wet surface of the specimen. This method is used to determine the optical properties of
retroreflective materials under simulated rain conditions.
E.2 Equipment
The simulated rainfall equipment is shown in Figure E.1.
Specimen A is fixed on the vertical specimen holder B, located above the water
collection tank C and the drainage outlet D. The specimen holder is firmly installed on
the goniometer table (not shown in the figure), keeping a certain distance from the
goniometer. The nozzle E is set at a fixed position relative to the specimen. The pressure
is adjusted through the flexible interface F or the hose to continuously spray tap water.
The distance between nozzle E and specimen A is 1000 mm. The angle is set so that the
ejected water column hits the sample at an angle of 10°±5° in the vertical direction. The
specimen, specimen holder and nozzle are sealed in a hood G to prevent the optical
measuring equipment from coming into contact with water.
It is best to make the cover G from a large area of rigid transparent plastic material.
Keep at least one movable panel or door for easy observation on the one hand and easy
operation on the other hand. A square hole H with a side length of 150 mm is used as a
passage for light. Gutter I is used to help square hole H block falling water. The part of
the cover G close to the square hole H is sprayed with matte black paint to reduce
scattering. Nozzle E contains a 1.19 mm diameter orifice and a properly designed water
supply pipe to ensure a stable and uniform cone-shaped water column.
E.3 Test procedures
Calibrate optical test equipment. The retro reflection coefficient RA of the measuring
device is corrected separately in the dry state and in the wet state. Determine the
correction factor for the change in scattered light between the wet and dry states
(determine the change in RA between the two states).
Mount a flat, square specimen with a side length of not less than 50 mm on a vertical
plane on a vertical specimen holder. The specimen holder shall not protrude beyond the
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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