GB/T 18664-2002 PDF English
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Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment
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GB/T 18664-2002: PDF in English (GBT 18664-2002) GB/T 18664-2002
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.340.30
C 73
Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory
protective equipment
ISSUED ON: MARCH 12, 2002
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2002
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ... 7
3.1 Terms and definitions ... 7
3.2 Abbreviations ... 12
4 Choice of respiratory protective equipment ... 12
4.1 General principles ... 12
4.2 Selection by hazardous atmosphere ... 13
4.3 Selection according to operating conditions ... 18
4.4 Selection according to operator ... 19
5 Use of respiratory protective equipment ... 20
5.1 General principles ... 20
5.2 Use of respiratory protective equipment in IDLH atmosphere ... 22
5.3 Use of respiratory protective equipment in low temperature environments .. 22
5.4 Replacement of filter elements of air-purifying respiratory protective equipment
... 22
5.5 Use of supplied air respiratory protective equipment ... 23
6 Maintenance of respiratory protective equipment ... 24
6.1 Inspection and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment ... 24
6.2 Cleaning and disinfection of respiratory protective equipment ... 24
6.3 Storage of respiratory protective equipment ... 25
7 Respiratory protection plan ... 25
7.1 General principles ... 25
7.2 Contents of respiratory protection plan ... 26
7.3 Training contents of respiratory protection ... 26
Appendix A (Informative) Factors to consider in evaluation of hazardous
atmosphere ... 28
Appendix B (Normative) IDLH concentration ... 29
Appendix C (Informative) Warning of toxic gases and vapors ... 41
Appendix D (Informative) Examples for selection of respiratory protective
equipment ... 43
Appendix E (Informative) Fit test ... 46
Appendix F (Informative) Medical evaluation of the ability to use respiratory
protective equipment ... 54
Appendix G (Normative) Face-seal check ... 56
Appendix H (Informative) Check method for respiratory protection plan ... 58
References ... 61
Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory
protective equipment
1 Scope
This standard specifies the principles, methods and requirements for the
selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment.
This standard applies to respiratory protective equipment used to prevent harm
to the human body from oxygen deficiency and airborne contaminants in the
workplace.
This standard does not apply to breathing equipment for underwater operations,
aviation and medical rescue.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard;
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB/T 2891-1995 Performance test methods for facepiece of filter type
respirator
GB 3836.1 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 1:
General requirements
GB 3836.2 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 2:
Flameproof enclosure “d”
GB 3836.4 Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres - Intrinsically safe
circuits and electrical apparatus
GB 8958 Safety regulation for working under hazardous condition of the
oxygen deficiency
Atmosphere-supplying respiratory protective equipment
Respiratory protective equipment capable of isolating the wearer's
respiratory organs from the working environment, relying on the air source
carried by the wearer or relying on an air pipe to introduce a clean air source
other than the working environment.
[GB/T 12903-1991, definition 4.1.21]
3.1.7
Supplied air respiratory protective equipment
An atmosphere-supplying respiratory protective equipment that introduces
in clean air via an airway tube through the breathing of the wearer or by
mechanical force.
[GB/T 12903-1991, definition 4.2.1.1]
3.1.8
Self-contained breathing apparatus
An atmosphere-supplying respiratory protective equipment which uses the
air source from the air bottle or oxygen bottle or an oxygen generator as
carried by the wearer.
[GB/T 12903-1991, definition 4.1.2.2]
3.1.9
Negative-pressure respiratory protective equipment
A respiratory protective equipment, the pressure in the facepiece of which in
a breathing cycle is less than the atmospheric pressure in the inhalation
stage of the user.
[GB 16556-1996, definition 3.2]
3.1.10
Positive-pressure respiratory protective equipment
A respiratory protective equipment, the pressure in the facepiece of which in
a breathing cycle is more than the atmospheric pressure.
[GB 16556-1996, definition 3.3]
3.1.11
The tiny solid particles suspended in the air, which are generally produced
by the condensation of gas or vapor, whose particle size is usually smaller
than that of dust.
3.1.18
Mist
Tiny droplets suspended in the air.
3.1.19
Low boiling point organic compound
Organic compounds which have a boiling point below 65 °C.
3.1.20
Hazardous atmosphere
Anoxic or atmospheric environment in which airborne contaminant
concentrations exceed the value as specified by national occupational health
standards.
3.1.21
Immediately dangerous to life and health concentration
The concentration of airborne contaminants in the hazardous atmosphere
reaches a certain dangerous level, which can be fatal, or can permanently
damage health, or can make people immediately lose their ability to escape.
3.1.22
Filter element
Filter material or filter component which is used by the respiratory protective
equipment to filter out harmful substances in the air.
Examples: canisters (filter cartridge), dust canisters, filter media, etc.
3.1.23
End-of-service-life indicator
A system that warns the user that respiratory protection is approaching a
failure.
3.1.24
The ratio of the concentration of airborne contaminants to the concentration
limit as specified by the national occupational health standard, which takes
an integer.
3.2 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations apply to this standard.
APF: Assigned protection factor
IDLH: Immediately dangerous to life and health
SCBA: Self-contained breathing apparatus
4 Choice of respiratory protective equipment
4.1 General principles
4.1.1 Without protection, no one shall be exposed to an air environment that
can or may endanger health.
4.1.2 It shall, according to the relevant national occupational health standards,
evaluate the air environment in which the operation is conducted (see Appendix
A for various factors to be considered in the evaluation), to identify the nature
of the hazardous atmosphere and determine the degree of harm.
4.1.3 It shall first consider the possibility of taking engineering measures to
control hazardous atmosphere. If the engineering control measures cannot be
implemented due to various reasons, or the hazardous atmosphere cannot be
completely eliminated, during the period when the engineering control
measures are not effective, it shall select the appropriate respiratory protective
equipment according to the provisions of 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 of this standard. See
Table 1 for classification of respiratory protective equipment. The selection
procedure is as shown in Figure 1.
4.1.4 It shall select the nationally recognized respiratory protective equipment
that meets the requirements of the standard.
4.1.5 When selecting respiratory protective equipment, it shall also refer to the
technical requirements in the instruction manual and meet its applicable
conditions.
4.1.6 If it is necessary to use respiratory protective equipment to prevent hazard
from dangerous atmosphere, the employer shall establish and implement a
standardized respiratory protection plan.
shall select the respiratory protective equipment capable of filtering
particle and its volatile gases simultaneously;
b) It shall select suitable dust facepiece according to the dispersion of the
particle;
c) If the particle is liquid or oily, it shall select the respiratory protective
equipment with suitable filter element;
d) If the particle is radioactive, it shall select the dust facepiece with the
highest filtration efficiency.
4.2.4.2 Protection against toxic gases and vapors
It may select atmosphere-supplying or air-purifying respiratory protective
equipment (see Table 3). If selecting the air-purifying type, it shall pay attention
to the following points:
a) Select applicable filter elements according to the types of toxic gases and
vapors; for the filter element types not included in the current standards,
it shall be selected according to the instructions provided by the
manufacturers of respiratory protective equipment;
b) For toxic gases or vapors without warning or poor warning, it shall give
priority to respiratory protective equipment which has end-of-service-life
indicator or atmosphere-supplying respiratory protective equipment.
4.2.4.3 Simultaneous protection against parasites, toxic gases or vapors
It may select atmosphere-supplying or air-purifying respiratory protective
equipment (see Table 3). If selecting the air-purifying type, it shall select the
effective filter element or the combination of filter element.
other personal protective equipment;
b) If there is a foreseeable emergency dangerous situation during operation,
it shall select the appropriate escape type respiratory protective
equipment according to the nature of the danger, or select the respiratory
protective equipment according to the provisions of 4.2.3.1 of this
standard;
c) If the hazardous atmosphere is an explosive atmosphere, the respiratory
protective equipment selected shall comply with the provisions of GB
3836.1, GB 3836.2 and GB 3836.4; if SCBA is selected, it shall select the
air respirators, it shall not select oxygen respirators;
d) If it selects the supplied air respiratory protective equipment, it shall pay
attention to the distance between the work site and the air source, the
obstruction of the air hose to other workers on the site, the damage or cut
off the air supply pipeline; take possible precautions;
e) If there is high temperature, low temperature or high humidity on site, or
organic solvents and other corrosive substances, it shall choose
respiratory protective equipment which is resistant to high temperature,
low temperature or corrosion, or choose supplied air respiratory protective
equipment that can adjust temperature and humidity;
f) If the operation intensity is high, or the operation time is long, it shall select
the respiratory protective equipment with a lower respiratory load, such as
supplied air or powered air-purifying respiratory protective equipment;
g) If there is a need for clear vision, it shall choose a respiratory protective
equipment with a better vision;
h) If there is a need for language communication, it shall select the
respiratory protective equipment with suitable communication functions.
4.4 Selection according to operator
4.4.1 Head and facial features
When choosing a half facepiece or full facepiece, it shall pay attention to:
a) If the manufacturer or distributor of respiratory protective equipment can
provide the user with a fit test, it can help the user to choose a suitable
tight-fitting facepiece. For the fit test method, see Appendix E;
b) The beard or long hair will affect the fitting between the facepiece and the
face. The user shall shave the beard in advance to avoid pinching the hair
equipment. Relevant operators and other entrants in the workplaces that must
be equipped with escape type respiratory protective equipment shall be trained
in the use of escape type respiratory protective equipment. SCBA shall be used
only by specially trained personnel.
5.1.4 Before use, it shall check the integrity of the respiratory protective
equipment, the suitability of the filter elements, the battery power, the gas
storage capacity of the gas cylinder, etc.; eliminate the non-compliance before
allowing use.
5.1.5 Before entering the hazardous atmosphere, wear respiratory protective
equipment. For tight-fitting facepieces, the user shall perform a face-seal check,
to confirm tightness. See Appendix G for the face-seal check methods.
5.1.6 Personnel working in hazardous atmosphere shall always wear
respiratory protective equipment.
5.1.7 The use of escape type respiratory protective equipment alone is not
allowed to enter the hazardous atmosphere; it only allows to use it to leave from
it.
5.1.8 When it has uncomfortable symptoms such as feeling of odor, cough,
irritation, nausea, etc., it shall leave the hazardous atmosphere immediately;
check the respiratory protective equipment; determine and eliminate the fault
before re-entering the hazardous atmosphere. If there is no fault, it shall replace
the effective filter elements.
5.1.9 If the respiratory protective equipment uses several filter elements at the
same time, such as double filter cartridges, they shall be replaced at the same
time.
5.1.10 If the new filter element fails quickly in some cases, it shall re-evaluate
the applicability of the selected filter element.
5.1.11 Except for general-purpose components, without the approval of the
manufacturer of respiratory protective equipment, components of different
brands of respiratory protective equipment shall not be assembled or used in
combination.
5.1.12 All personnel using respiratory protective equipment shall undergo
regular physical examinations, to regularly evaluate their ability to use
respiratory protective equipment. For evaluation methods, see Appendix F.
c) When a person using a manual air-purifying dust-proof respiratory
protective equipment feels that the air supply resistance has increased
significantly.
5.4.2 Replacement of gas filter element
The service life of the gas filter element is affected by factors such as the type
and concentration of airborne contaminants, the user's breathing frequency,
ambient temperature, humidity conditions. Generally, the replacement time of
the gas filter element is determined as follows:
a) When the user feels the smell or irritation of airborne contaminants, they
shall be replaced immediately;
Note: The use of airborne contaminant’s odors or irritants to judge the
failure of filter elements is limited (see Appendix C).
b) For routine operations, it is recommended to determine the replacement
schedule of filter elements based on experience, experimental data or
other objective methods; replace them regularly;
c) Record the usage time after each use, to help determine the replacement
time;
d) The service life of ordinary organic gas filter elements for low-boiling
organic compounds will generally be shortened and shall be replaced in
time after each use; for the protection of other organic compounds, if they
are used several days or weeks apart, they shall also be replaced when
they are reused.
5.5 Use of supplied air respiratory protective equipment
5.5.1 It shall check the quality of the air supply source before use. The air supply
shall not be deficient in oxygen and the concentration of airborne contaminants
shall not exceed the relevant national occupational health standards or relevant
air supply air quality standards.
5.5.2 Gas supply pipe’s joints are not allowed to be shared with other gas pipe
joints in the workplace.
5.5.3 It shall avoid the interference between the air supply pipe and other
moving objects on the job site; it is not allowed to roll over the air supply pipe.
to the instruction manual. Use a soft brush to wash it in warm water, or add an
appropriate amount of neutral detergent to the warm water. Rinse in clean water
and dry in a clean place.
6.2.4 If it is necessary to use a broad-spectrum disinfectant for disinfection,
when selecting a disinfectant, especially if it is necessary to prevent the spread
of special pathogens, first consult the manufacturer of respiratory protective
equipment and industrial hygiene experts. It shall pay special attention to the
instructions of the disinfectant manufacturer, such as dilution ratio, temperature
and disinfection time.
6.3 Storage of respiratory protective equipment
6.3.1 Respiratory protective equipment shall be stored in a clean, dry place
without oil, direct sunlight or corrosive gases.
6.3.2 If respiratory protective equipment is used infrequently, it is recommended
to store the respiratory protective equipment in a sealed bag. Avoid distorting
the facepiece during storage.
6.3.3 The gas filter element shall not be stored open.
6.3.4 All respiratory protective equipment used in emergency situations and
rescue shall be kept in a standby state and placed in a location suitable for
storage, easy to manage, easy to use; it shall not change the storage place at
will.
7 Respiratory protection plan
7.1 General principles
7.1.1 In order to ensure the accurate implementation of the requirements of this
standard, the employer shall establish and implement a standardized
respiratory protection plan. Make the purchase, use, maintenance of respiratory
protective equipment be an important part of the management of the employer;
record the implementation of this plan in a written manner.
7.1.2 An employer shall arrange a supervisor to be responsible for the
respiratory protection plan. The supervisor shall be properly trained and have
the relevant knowledge and responsibilities to manage and effectively
implement the plan.
7.1.3 When changes in operating conditions may affect the use of respiratory
protective equipment, it shall adjust the respiratory protection plan in a timely
Appendix C
(Informative)
Warning of toxic gases and vapors
C.1 Limitations for determining the existence of harmful gases by smell
Limitations for determining the existence of harmful gases by smell:
a) The individual smell is very different, some people cannot detect the
existence of certain harmful gases or vapors by smell, for example, some
people is not sensitive to the bitter almond smell of hydrogen cyanide, or
cannot feel this taste;
b) Colds or rhinitis can reduce people's smell;
c) The odor of airborne contaminants may be masked by other odors;
d) When the concentration is gradually accumulated, due to olfactory fatigue,
some high-concentration airborne contaminants cannot be detected, such
as hydrogen sulfide. If people have been working in an environment where
hydrogen sulfide is gradually accumulated to reach dangerous
concentrations, they may sense no smell; however, when people enter the
environment from the outside, they will feel a strong taste;
e) The smell threshold of certain substances by humans is much higher than
the concentration required by national occupational health standards.
When smelling pollutants, people have actually been exposed to
hazardous atmospheres or have been harmed;
f) Some harmful gases are odorless, such as carbon monoxide, which cannot
be detected by this method;
g) Some gases have an unpleasant taste, and their olfactory threshold is far
lower than the concentration specified by the national occupational health
standards. When the smell is perceived, it has not yet constituted a hazard.
C.2 Limitations for determining contaminants by its irritating sense
Some airborne contaminants have a local irritating effect on the human
respiratory tract or eyes. The human’s feeling is discomfort, burning or irritation.
Its presence is a certain warning, but it is not enough to protect a person with
considerable tolerance.
C.3 People's olfactory threshold of certain airborne contaminants
Appendix D
(Informative)
Examples for selection of respiratory protective equipment
D.1 Example 1
D.1.1 Job description
The painter uses a brush to perform painting work.
D.1.2 Identification of hazardous atmosphere properties
No hypoxia in the workplace. Turpentine vapor exists in the air at a
concentration of 2150 mg/m3; the maximum allowable concentration specified
by the national occupational health standard is 300 mg/m3, the IDLH
concentration is 8500 mg/m3; its olfactory threshold is at 280 mg/m3 ~ 1130
mg/m3. It is irritating to the eyes and skin and has obvious warning; its boiling
point is 150°C ~ 170 °C, which is not a low boiling point organic compound.
D.1.3 Determine the hazard degree
There is no hypoxia in the workplace. The turpentine concentration is lower than
the IDLH concentration, which is a non-IDLH atmosphere.
Turpentine concentration exceeds national occupational health standards.
Calculate the hazard factor:
Hazard Factor = Turpentine vapor concentration in the workplace /
Concentration as specified by National Occupational Health Standard = 2150
mg/m3 / 300 mg/m3 ≈ 7.
D.1.4 Select respiratory protective equipment according to the degree of
hazard and the type of airborne contaminants
Because the hazard factor is less than 10, meanwhile turpentine has good
warning, according to Table 3 of this standard, it may select a half-facepiece
self-inhalation air-purifying gas facepiece. However, because turpentine is
irritating to the eyes and skin, considering the protection of the eyes, it shall
select a full facepiece.
Turpentine vapor is an organic vapor type airborne contaminant, so it shall be
equipped with an organic gas canister or a filter cartridge. Ask the manufacturer
about the life of the canister or filter cartridge. Meanwhile the odor of turpentine
can help users determine when to replace the filter element.
Expected exposure concentration = Xylene’s concentration / APF for selected
respiratory protective equipment = 53000 mg/m3/ 1000 = 53 mg/m3.
If the facepiece fits the worker's face, the expected exposure concentration of
the worker is 53 mg/m3, which is lower than the national occupational health
standard.
D.3 Example 3
D.3.1 Job description
A lead battery factory: workers are engaged in general operations.
D.3.2 Identify the hazardous atmospheres
No hypoxia in the workplace. There is lead oxide dust in the workplace, the
concentration of which is 0.2 mg/m3. The maximum allowable concentration of
lead dust as specified by the national occupational health standard is 0.05
mg/m3 and the IDLH concentration is 700 mg/m3.
D.3.3 Determine the hazard degree
The workplace is not deficient in oxygen; the concentration of lead dust does
not exceed the IDLH concentration, which is a non-IDLH atmosphere.
The lead dust concentration exceeds the national occupational health
standards. Calculate the hazard factor:
Hazard factor = Lead dust’s concentration in the workplace / Concentration as
specified by National Occupational Health Standard = 0.2 mg/m3/ 0.05
mg/m3= 4.
D.3.4 Select respiratory protective equipment according to hazard degree
and the type of airborne contaminants
Lead dust is not irritating. According to Table 3 of this standard, it may select a
self-inhalation air-purifying dust facepiece equipped with half facepiece.
Expected exposure concentration = Lead dust’s concentration in the workplace
/ APF for selected respiratory protective equipment = 0.2 mg/m3/ 10 = 0.02
mg/m3.
If the facepiece fits the worker's face, the expected exposure concentration of
the operator is 0.02 mg/m3, which is lower than national occupational health
standards.
inspection bottles and sniff the smell of the solution in the bottle with his
nose;
- If the subject can smell the banana odor of the test agent in the odor
inspection bottle, it indicates that the subject is suitable to perform the fit
test; otherwise, the subject is not suitable to perform the fit test
E.2.3.3 Test method
The test method is as follows;
a) Hang the absorbent cotton stripe on the top inside the inspection cover
(see Figure E.1); use a graduated dropper to add 0.75 mL of pure isoamyl
acetate to the absorbent cotton strip;
b) The subject wears respiratory protective equipment far away from the
inspection cover and passes the face-seal check;
c) The subject enters the inspection cover and performs the following actions,
each action lasting 60 s;
1) Take a normal breath;
2) Take a deep breath, to imitate heavy physical labor;
3) Shake head left and right, to imitate the amplitude that may occur in the
operation;
4) Head up and head down, to imitate the amplitude that may occur in the
operation;
5) Speak or read a text, with a volume sufficient for people nearby to hear;
6) Other actions designed according to operating characteristics.
d) During the inspection, if the subject feels the smell of the test agent, it
indicates that there is a leak. The subject shall re-test after adjusting the
facepiece or replacing the respiratory protective equipment with another
size number; if the leak persists, it is determined that the subject is not
suitable to wear the respiratory protective equipment;
e) When the subject's fit test is unsatisfactory, it may select another suitable
respiratory protective equipment for the fit test, or a suitable respiratory
protective equipment that does not require the fit test.
E.2.4 Saccharin qualitative fit test method
E.2.4.1 This method is suitable for the fit test of respiratory protective equipment
equipped with particle filter elements.
facepieces equipped with high-efficiency particle filter elements.
E.2.5.2 The characteristic of this method is that the fume generated by irritants
(such as zinc tetrachloride or titanium tetrachloride) is strongly irritating to
human eyes, skin and sclera; the subject can easily identify the leakage of
respiratory protective equipment. Before using this method, the subject shall be
explained in advance the symptoms of irritant reactions, as well as the
treatment in case of leakage (such as leaving the inspection cover as soon as
possible, removing the facepiece in a ventilated place, washing the face with
clean water, etc.).
E.2.5.3 The application of this method generally does not require identification
of the sensitivity of the subject to the irritation of tobacco.
E.2.5.4 The test method is as follows:
a) Subjects wear respiratory protective equipment and pass the face-seal
check;
b) Shatter one end of the ampoule containing the irritant test agent; pass the
test agent with an air flow of about 200 mL/min; send the generated irritant
fume into the inspection cover;
c) The subject enters the inspection cover and performs the actions specified
in items 1) to 6) of this Appendix E.2.3.3c), requiring each action ......
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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