DZ/T 0080-2010 PDF English
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DZ/T 0080-2010: PDF in English (DZT 0080-2010) DZ/T 0080-2010
GEOLOGICAL MINERAL INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Replacing DZ/T 0080-1993
Specifications for geophysical logging of coal
ISSUED ON: MARCH 06, 2010
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 31, 2010
Issued by: Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of
China
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 General ... 6
4 Logging design ... 7
5 Construction preparation ... 11
6 Requirements for data collection ... 13
7 Method technical requirements ... 19
8 Data processing, interpretation ... 26
9 Submission and acceptance of results ... 31
10 Instruments and equipment ... 37
11 Safety construction, health protection ... 42
Appendix A (Normative) Logging notice ... 47
Appendix B (Normative) Well-site basic data record book ... 49
Appendix C (Normative) Raw data standard of geophysical logging of coal
(recommended standard) ... 54
Appendix D (Normative) Logging result book ... 56
Appendix E (Normative) Warehousing-incoming registration form of logging
record, processing disk (tape) ... 59
Specifications for geophysical logging of coal
1 Scope
This specification specifies the basic requirements for the design,
instrumentation, measurement technology, raw material’s quality evaluation,
data processing and interpretation, report preparation, safety protection of
geophysical logging of coal.
This code is applicable to geophysical logging work related to coal, coalbed
methane, hydrology, engineering, environment, etc. (hereinafter referred to as:
geological exploration work of coal) in the geological exploration work of coal
resource evaluation, coal mine basic construction, coal mine safety production.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard;
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GBZ 142-2002 Radiological protection standard for sealed radioactive
sources used in oil and gas-field logging
GBZ 19871-2002 Basic standards for ionizing radiation protection and
radiation source safety
DZ/T 0069-1993 Schema/legend and color application standard of
geophysical survey map
DZ/T 0181-1997 Hydrogeological logging work specifications
DZ/T 0196-1997 General technical conditions for logging instrument
DZ/T 0215-2002 Specifications for coal, peat exploration
GWF 02 Regulations on management of radioisotope and radiation accident
b) Divide the lithology profile of the borehole, determine the physical property
data of the coal-seam, calculate the sand, mud and water content of the
rock-layer, infer and interpret the stratigraphic age;
c) Conduct physical and chemical comparison of coal and rock-layers;
establish stratigraphic geological cross-sections;
d) Determine the dip-angle and inclination of the formation, study the
variation law of coal and rock-layer, geological structure and sedimentary
environment;
e) Measure the ground temperature of the formation; analyze and evaluate
the characteristics of the ground temperature change;
f) Measure formation porosity, formation water saturation; determine water-
bearing-layer location and recharge relationship between water-bearing-
layers; measure water inflow and permeability coefficient;
g) Measure the mechanical parameters of the coal-seam;
h) Preliminarily estimate the gas content, porosity, permeability of the
coalbed methane in the target coal-seam; qualitatively evaluate the
permeability of the top and bottom rock-layers;
i) Determine the top angle and azimuth of the borehole;
j) Inspection evaluation of cementing quality and correction of casing depth;
k) Provide information or make preliminary assessments of other beneficial
minerals.
3.10 Processing and interpretation of data shall integrate various logging
methods and measured data of parameters. At the same time, it is necessary
to correctly and reasonably use geological, hydrological, engineering,
environmental and drilling, ground geophysical and laboratory data, to provide
accurate and reasonable geological results for coal geology exploration work.
3.11 The organization form, technical strength, equipment, transportation of
logging work shall be adapted to the construction characteristics of logging. At
the same time, it is encouraged to use new technologies, new methods and
new parameters, to continuously improve and develop logging technology and
continuously expand the field of geological applications.
4 Logging design
4.1 Basic requirements
sampling interval, sampling method, test and physical property test of coal and
rock core in other test holes shall be adapted to the purpose of the test. The
coal-seam’s number, thickness, structure, lithology, geological structure,
stratigraphic age, core inclination shall be correctly divided and described in
detail.
4.5.3 It shall prepare the test plan before the test. It shall prepare the test
summary in time after the test.
5 Construction preparation
5.1 Logging notice
5.1.1 After the drilling and exploration project is completed, the project team will
issue a “logging notice” to the logging project undertaker, which will be
confirmed through signature by the geological and logging person in charge
(see Appendix A for the contents of logging notice).
5.1.2 When the logging is noticed via telecommunication, after the logging
personnel arrives at the well site, they shall complete the formal formalities in
time.
5.1.3 Loggers shall arrive at the well site before the agreed time. If there is any
special situation that cannot be reached in time, it shall timely notice the
planned arrival time to the relevant department.
5.2 Logging preparation
5.2.1 It shall, based on the design requirements, the drilling exploration data of
the borehole to be tested, the logging data of adjacent hole, analyze the
geological conditions of the borehole.
5.2.2 Check the working status of the instrument on site and follow the
requirements of Table B.3 in Appendix B to fill in the inspection results. At the
same time, the data related to the adjustment and test must be recorded in
digital and monitored records, meanwhile the corresponding charts shall be
drawn and well kept.
5.2.3 Check other necessary equipment, tools, materials, materials, etc. The
radioactive source tank must be locked and stored to ensure safety.
5.2.4 Follow the requirements of Table B.1 in Appendix B to carry out the
determination of well fluid resistivity, well fluid temperature, well fluid density.
5.2.5 Carry out cable depth (marking) inspection and follow the requirements of
Table B.5 in Appendix B to fill in the inspection results.
When the monitoring record fails, it is necessary to perform on-site
playback and obtain the corresponding well-site’s original playback record
curve;
b) The monitoring records shall select paper and printing equipment that can
be stored for a long time. The general paper feeding error is not more than
1%;
c) The monitoring records shall be marked with the vertical and horizontal
proportions. The selected depth scale shall meet the requirements for the
determination of the target layer and the formation stratification. Generally,
it may use 1:200 or 1:500;
d) In the same exploration area, the horizontal scale shall be uniform. It shall
be able to clearly identify coal-seams, rock-layers (including loose layers),
water-bearing-layers, fracture zones and so on. The relative amplitude of
the two-thirds of the main parameter curve of the recoverable coal-seam
shall not be less than 4 cm, except for the method that is not significantly
different from the surrounding rock. Logging methods with large dynamic
range of data such as lateral logging shall be recorded in logarithmic scale;
e) Different curves shall be distinguished by different line types or colors;
f) There shall be no breaks on the target layer. In other sections, the number
of breaks per 100 meters shall not exceed 2; the break distance shall not
be greater than 1 mm. The curve shall not be distorted, leaked or
otherwise interfered.
6.1.5 Preliminary interpretation of coal-seam well site
a) There must be two or more qualitative and fixed physical parameters. It
shall follow the requirements of Table B.8 in Appendix B to fill the
preliminary interpretation of the results of the coal-seam well site;
b) The methods of physical parameters shall be interpreted according to their
respective interpretation principles; the results (i.e., preliminary
interpretation results) shall be determined from the average of the
interpretation results;
c) The error between the initial interpretation results and the final
interpretation results shall meet the requirements of Table 1.
Table 1 -- Requirements for interpretation error of coal-seam and parting
Unit in meter
Coal-seam thickness Maximum thickness difference
Maximum depth
difference
Maximum thickness
difference of interlayer
is no saturation.
7.8 Ultrasonic imaging logging
7.8.1 The unit of the sound amplitude recording curve is mV.
7.8.2 The depth scale shall be selected according to the accuracy requirements
and the inclination of the rock-layer.
7.8.3 Before the instrument is lowered into the well, the sound reflection and
magnetic scanning lines shall be monitored and examined in the special mud
cylinder. When logging, the instrument must be centered.
7.8.4 Measurement range is according to the design requirements.
7.9 Natural potential logging
7.9.1 The unit of natural potential is mV.
7.9.2 Before the electrode is downhole, it shall remove the oxide on the
electrode.
7.9.3 The polarity shall be discerned during the measurement so that the curve
is positive in the right direction and negative in the left direction. The baseline
of the curve shall be determined in the lithologically pure mudstone or silty rock
section.
7.9.4 The total resistance of the measuring line shall be greater than 10 times
the value of the grounding resistance change.
7.9.5 In areas with industrial stray current interference, the N-electrode can be
made by casing or cable sheath. It may also measure the natural potential
gradient curve.
7.10 Resistivity logging
7.10.1 The unit of resistivity is Ω·m and the unit of resistivity is ms/m.
7.10.2 Before the electrode system is downhole, an external resistance shall
be connected for two-point inspection. The relative error between the inspection
value and the calculated value shall not exceed 5%.
7.10.3 The same type of electrode system shall be used for the same survey
area.
7.10.4 The change in grounding resistance affects the measurement result by
not more than 2%.
7.11 Electrode potential logging
7.14.2 The instrument must be inspected by a known diameter before the
downhole, with an error of not more than 10 mm.
7.14.3 Within the borehole casing, the measured value shall not differ from the
casing’s inner diameter by more than 10 mm. In the measured data, there shall
be no actual value which is less than the value when the measuring arm is fully
retracted or more than the value when the measuring arm is fully extended.
7.15 Well-deviation logging
7.15.1 The test must be carried out before the downhole of the instrument. The
checkpoints of the apex angle and the azimuth angle are not less than two; the
difference between the measured value and the measured value of the
compass is as follows: the apex angle is not more than 1°; the azimuth angle is
not more than 20° (when the apex angle is greater than 3°). The instrument
must be zero-hoisted for inspection at the wellhead before and after the
downhole, with an error of not more than 0.5°.
7.15.2 In case of point measurement, when the apex angle is greater than 1°,
at each measurement point, it shall measure the apex angle and azimuth angle
simultaneously. When the apex angle is less than 3° or there is a ferromagnetic
object near the slanting point (within 10 m), there is no requirement for the
azimuth error.
7.15.3 In case of point measurement, the spacing between measuring points is
generally not more than 50 m, the oriented inclined holes are not more than 20
m, the deepest measuring points are not more than 10 m from the bottom of
the hole. When the change of apex angle between two adjacent measuring
points is greater than 2° or the change of azimuth angle is greater than 20° (the
apex angle is greater than 3°), the measurement shall be densified. The
measuring point may not be densified any more after being densified to 10 m.
7.15.4 In case of point measurement, the inspection measurement point shall
not be less than one per 200 m. The deepest measurement point must be tested.
The difference between the tested value and the original measured value: the
apex angle is not more than 1°; the azimuth angle is not more than 10°.
Instruments that are continuously used for recording may not be inspected.
7.15.5 For the instruments with cable resistance compensation device, it is
forbidden to change the compensation value during measurement.
7.15.6 The ratio of the difference between the well-diameter of the measuring
section and the diameter of the well inclinometer to the length of the well
inclinometer shall be less than 0.035 (sin2°). When the diameter of the borehole
does not meet the above requirements, it may use the method of measuring
multiple points around the borehole wall at the same depth.
8.1.2.5 Other processing items shall be carried out according to the logging
design requirements.
8.2 Interpretation of single-hole data
8.2.1 Logging borehole shall be subjected to full-hole geological interpretation.
The principle of interpretation shall be reasonable and the basis shall be
sufficient.
8.2.2 Study the geological and geophysical characteristics and laws of the
construction area. Select appropriate lithology identification and stratification
methods.
8.2.3 Interpretation of coal-seam
a) There must be two or more qualitative and fixed physical parameters. It
shall follow the requirements of Table D.2 of Appendix D to fill the
interpretation results of coal-seam;
b) The methods of physical parameters shall be interpreted according to their
respective interpretation principles. The results (i.e., the final interpretation
results) shall be determined from the average of the interpretation results.
8.2.4 Lithology interpretation
a) There must be three or more qualitative and fixed physical parameters. It
shall follow the requirements of Table D.3 of Appendix D to fill the results;
b) The rock-layer, the marking layer, the fracture zone shall be
comprehensively interpreted in combination with geological, drilling and
regional laws. The results of lithologic interpretation shall be basically
consistent with the cores with higher adoption rates.
8.2.5 Determination of well-deviation
According to the inclination measurement data, determine the top angle and
azimuth of the drilling hole. Meanwhile follow the requirements of Table D.4 in
Appendix D to fill the results. The depth interval is generally not more than 50
m.
8.2.6 The interpretation of water-bearing-layer (band) and dissolved (crack)
gaps shall be carried out in conjunction with hydrogeological data. Qualitative
interpretation must have physical parameter curves that reflect the water
storage space and permeability performance. The determination results of the
fixed-thickness interpretation shall adopt the average of the interpretation
results of the two physical parameters.
8.2.7 Determination of well temperature
factors.
8.3.3 Study and summarize the methods and rules of qualitative, fixed-
thickness, quantitative interpretation of the work area.
8.3.4 Comparative analysis of coal and rock-layer
It must use three or more qualitative and fixed-thickness physical parameters
to determine the coal and rock-layer contrast.
8.3.5 Stratigraphic analysis
Based on the comparison of coal and rock-layer, establish the main geological
section of the stratum, to analyze the sedimentary environment, sedimentary
law and geological structure of coal and rock-layers.
8.3.6 Coal-seam analysis
Based on the comparison data of coal and rock-layers, establish the geological
plane of the main recoverable coal-seams, to analyze the distribution
characteristics and variation laws of coal-seams.
9 Submission and acceptance of results
9.1 Basic requirements
9.1.1 For the submission of logging results, it shall extensively collect and study
the relevant information such as logging, geology, hydrology, ground
geophysical exploration and drilling in the construction area and adjacent areas.
9.1.2 The submission of logging results shall fully consider the geological needs
and try to adopt new methods, new technologies and new parameters, to
expand the scope of geological applications and improve comprehensive
benefits.
9.1.3 During the preparation of logging results, it shall strengthen the
comprehensive research on the physical properties of the exploration area,
reprocess the interpretation results of unreasonable single-hole processing.
9.2 Preparation, submission, acceptance of single-hole result
specification
9.2.1 Before the preparation of the single-hole interpretation result specification,
the technical person in charge of the preparation shall, based on the design
requirements and combining the regional geophysical characteristics and the
actual conditions of the logging work, draw up a practical outline based on this
specification.
Detail the data interpretation methods, techniques, interpretation basis,
interpretation principles.
e) Geological results
Detail the geological application results of rock, coal-seam comparison,
structure, sedimentary environment, mining technical conditions, coalbed
methane, other beneficial minerals.
f) Conclusions and recommendations
Briefly describe the completion of geological tasks and evaluate the
interpretation accuracy;
Explain the main lessons, problems, and suggestions.
9.3.3 Main contents of the attached drawing part of the professional technical
report
a) Comprehensive result drawing of borehole logging (1:500 or 1:200);
b) Comprehensive histogram of the physical properties of the stratum;
c) Comparison of coal and rock-layer curves (1:50);
d) Comparison of complex structural coal-seams (1:50);
e) Plan contour map required for logging design;
f) Other related drawings.
9.3.4 Main contents of the attached form parts of the professional technical
report
a) Logging work quantity and quality summary form;
b) Coal-seam interpretation results and comprehensive utilization form;
c) The result form of fault interpretation;
d) Comparison form of log interpretation results with results of other method;
e) Well-deviation measurement and conversion results form;
f) Ground temperature measurement results form;
g) Other forms to be attached.
9.3.5 For general small (determined according to the actual situation of each
province) or lower level (pre-censored) survey projects, the professional
10.2.18 The program and data files recorded in the storage medium shall be
routinely checked once every 6 months and re-copied once every 12 months.
10.2.19 After the development and modification of the collection procedure
(including the curing procedure), it must pass the expert appraisal organized by
the relevant department.
10.3 Calibration, testing, calibration of instrument
10.3.1 General requirements
10.3.1.1 For the scale device of the method instrument for quantitative
interpretation, the physical quantity must be transmitted by a higher-grade scale
device or measured by a precision instrument and monitored regularly.
10.3.1.2 All instruments and equipment shall be calibrated, tested, scaled in
accordance with the instructions and the requirements of this specification.
10.3.1.3 Various instruments and equipment shall be calibrated, tested, scaled
at intervals of 6 months, unless otherwise specified below. If the instrument
sensitivity change or the well site test error exceeds the limit due to replacement
of components, adjustment of working conditions, it must be recalibrated, tested
or scaled.
10.3.1.4 The instruments for each method in the logging system must be tested
for stability once every 12 months. It continuously runs for 4 h; its output change
is not more than 3.5%.
10.3.1.5 The data of calibration, test and scale must be digitally recorded and
monitored at the same time. Meanwhile it shall prepare the corresponding
diagram and save it well.
10.3.2 Cable depth
10.3.2.1 Depth marks and their requirements
a) If it is found that the mark is shifted, the power cable is strongly stretched
in the hole, or the cumulative hole depth reaches 1 × 104 m, it shall check
the interval of marks in the hole and fill the inspection record;
b) If the error between the standard marks exceeds 0.10 m or the cumulative
error exceeds 0.1%, it must be re-made.
10.3.2.2 When the power cables of the device which uses the measuring wheel
are activated or turned over, or when it is strongly stretched in the hole, or when
the cumulative hole depth reaches 1 × 104 m, it shall, in the borehole which has
a depth of more than 500 m, check the matching error between the cable and
the measuring wheel under the elevated motion state. The measured depth of
d) The installation status of the device to be fixed;
e) Brakes and shifting devices for winches.
11.3.2 During the construction process, the operator shall observe the working
state of the instrument and equipment. Any abnormality found shall be disposed
of in time.
11.3.3 After the operation of the instrument is completed, each control unit must
be restored to a safe position; it is strictly forbidden to carry the equipment and
pull out and plug in the power supply.
11.3.4 Before transporting the instrument and equipment, it shall be properly
packaged and fixed. It is forbidden to mix with the goods that are in danger of
safety during transportation. The vehicle-mounted computer must take anti-
shock and dust-proof measures. The floppy drive, optical drive and hard disk
must be in a safe state.
11.3.5 When checking the insulation of power cable, it shall cut off the
connection between the core and surface and underground instrument room.
When checking the insulation of each instrument and equipment, it must select
the instrument which is appropriate to its withstanding voltage.
11.3.6 When the armored cable is pulled out of the winch, it shall be prevented
from knotting.
11.3.7 The tension-weakening link shall be provided at the connection between
the downhole instrument and the power cable. The breaking force at this point
shall be less than one-half of the allowable tensile force of the cable.
11.3.8 When the winch is started, the cable is lifted and lowered, it is prohibited
for emergency braking and sudden acceleration. When the cable is lifted, the
instrument and personnel shall avoid the area as affected by the cable
movement.
11.3.9 It is strictly forbidden to lower down the cable beyond the well depth.
When the instrument is 20 m away from the wellhead, there shall be a
deceleration warning signal.
11.3.10 Cable lifting and lowering speed shall not be too fast. When the
instrument is close to the bottom of the well, casing shoes, wellhead, or where
the well condition is complex, it must reduce the speed.
11.3.11 The instrument shall not stay at the bottom of the well for more than 60
s. The residence time at the open hole section shall not exceed 3 minutes.
11.3.12 It is strictly forbidden to use the downhole instrument to impinge
obstacles in the hole. When the resistance is encountered, the instrument shall
the Regulations on the safety and protection of radioisotopes and radiation
devices (GWF 02) and approved by the competent authority.
11.4.7 In the event of a radioactive accident such as theft or loss of a radioactive
source, the source user must properly handle it in accordance with the
Regulations on the safety and protection of radioisotopes and radiation devices
(GWF 02) and the Radiation Accident Emergency Plan; promptly report it to the
competent unit and local environmental protection, public security and other
relevant departments. After the event, it shall write the accident details, accident
responsibility, consequences, handling results into the detailed report and
establish a dedicated file.
11.4.8 Radioactive sources must be salvaged as much as possible when it falls
into the borehole, meanwhile designated personnel shall be responsible for
implementation. If salvage is invalid, they must be properly disposed of in
accordance with the Regulations on the safety and protection of radioisotopes
and radiation devices (GWF 02) and the Radiation Accident Emergency Plan.
Find the location of the radioactive source, and quickly report to the competent
authorities and local environmental protection, public security and other
relevant departments. When it is confirmed that there is no damage and
contamination, it may use cement to seal the full hole. When submitting the
geological report, it shall describe the hole number, date of accident, details of
radioactive source, mark it on the plan and the borehole histogram.
11.4.9 When the vehicle transports the radioactive source, the dose equivalent
rate in and around the vehicle shall comply with the requirements of GBZ 142-
2002 and GBZ 19871-2002.
11.4.10 Personnel who intend to participate in radiological work must undergo
a physical examination; those who have an inadaptation may not participate in
this work. Personnel engaged in radioactive work shall undergo regular physical
examinations; those who have confirmed radiation injury shall be treated or
removed from radiological work in a timely manner.
11.4.11 All radioactive staff shall establish a health record in his/her
organization.
11.4.12 When operating the radioactive source, it shall be carried out in the
source tank. It is prohibited for direct contact with the radioactive source.
Special tools shall be used when radioactive sources must be exposed. For the
source carrying device with an orientation device, the human body shall operate
on the back of the orientation window.
11.4.13 The dose equivalents received by radioactive workers shall not exceed
the requirements of GBZ 142-2002 and GBZ 19871-2002. When it is exceeded,
it shall suspend exposure to the radioactive sources and arrange the necessary
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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