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MHT6048-2020: (Luggage/Cargo Tractor)
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MH/T 6048-2020
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PDF similar to MHT6048-2020
Standard similar to MHT6048-2020 JB/T 7016 JB/T 3300 GB/T 5143 Basic data | Standard ID | MH/T 6048-2020 (MH/T6048-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | (Luggage/Cargo Tractor) | | Sector / Industry | Civil Aviation Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | J83 | | Classification of International Standard | 53.060 | | Word Count Estimation | 17,154 | | Date of Issue | 2020-07-20 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-10-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | MH/T 6048-2008 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Civil Aviation Administration of China | MHT6048-2020: (Luggage/Cargo Tractor)---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Luggage/cargo tractor
ICS 49.100
V 57
Civil Aviation Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Replace MH/T 6048-2008
Luggage/Cargo Tractor
2020-07 -20 released
2020 -10-01 implementation
Issued by Civil Aviation Administration of China
Table of contents
Foreword...II
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and definitions...2
4 Technical requirements...2
4.1 General requirements...2
4.2 Safety requirements...3
4.3 Maneuverability...5
4.4 Passability...6
4.5 Enclosed cab...6
4.6 Lighting and signaling devices...6
4.7 Hydraulic system...7
4.8 Control device...7
4.9 Environmental protection requirements...7
4.10 Environmental requirements...7
4.11 Reliability...7
5 Test method...8
5.1 General project inspection...8
5.2 Safety requirements check...8
5.3 Maneuverability inspection...8
5.4 Passing inspection...10
5.5 Cab inspection...10
5.6 Inspection of lighting and signaling devices...11
5.7 Hydraulic system inspection...11
5.8 Control device inspection...11
5.9 Environmental inspection...11
5.10 Environmental Inspection...11
5.11 Reliability Inspection...12
6 Inspection Rules...12
7 Signage, logo, instruction manual...13
8 Packaging, transportation, storage...14
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces MH/T 6048-2008 "Baggage Tractor". Compared with MH/T 6048-2008, the main changes are as follows.
-Modified the standard name, from the original "Luggage Tractor" to "Luggage/Cargo Tractor";
- Added general requirements (see 4.1);
--Modified the technical requirements for speedometer, odometer, working hour meter, fuel meter, electricity meter, etc. (see 4.1.16,.2008 edition
4.1.20);
--- Added general safety requirements (see 4.2.1);
-General requirements for electric tractors have been added (see 4.2.2.1);
--Insulation requirements have been added (see 4.2.2.2);
--- Increase the technical requirements of batteries (see 4.2.2.3);
--Added the technical requirements of the motor (see 4.2.2.4);
--- Increase the maneuverability requirements (see 4.3);
-Modified the technical requirements for vehicle speed when the tractor is unloaded (see 4.3.1.3, 4.3.4 of the.2008 edition);
--Modified the technical requirements for the minimum ground clearance, approach angle, departure angle, and ramp passing angle for baggage/cargo tractors (see 4.4.1,
4.4.2, 4.3.2 of the.2008 version);
--Added the technical requirements for the enclosed cab (see 4.5);
--Added the technical requirements of the hydraulic system (see 4.7);
--Added the technical requirements of the control device (see 4.8);
- Modified the technical requirements for fuel gauges of internal combustion tractors and electricity meters of electric tractors (see 4.8.1,.2008 edition
4.2.6);
--- Increase the technical requirements for external noise of tractors (see 4.9.1);
--- Increased the technical requirements for the ear noise of internal combustion tractors and electric tractors (see 4.9.2);
--- Increase the technical requirements for the emission limits of exhaust pollutants from internal combustion tractors (see 4.9.3);
--Added that the diesel engine of the internal combustion tractor adopts the free acceleration method for smoke measurement, and the emission measured by the opaque smoke method
The air-light absorption coefficient should meet the requirements of GB 36886 (see 4.9.4);
- Added environmental requirements (see 4.10);
-Modified the reliability requirements of tractors (see 4.11, 4.4.10 of the.2008 edition);
- Delete the basic requirements of tractors (see.2008 version 4.1)
- Deleted battery tractor (see.2008 edition 4.2);
-Delete the structure size and performance parameters (see.2008 version 4.3);
- Delete other properties (see.2008 version 4.4);
This standard was proposed and interpreted by the Airport Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China.
This standard was approved by the Aircraft Airworthiness Certification Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology.
Drafting organizations of this standard. Civil Aviation Professional Engineering Quality Supervision Station, National Construction Machinery Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhejiang Jixinxiang
Forklift Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shanghai Zhonggang Aviation Ground Equipment Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Zhu Yuhang, Liang Shixin, Zhu Jingmin, Zhou Fushuang, You Qian, Li Yuan, Zhang Yafeng.
Luggage/Cargo Tractor
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, signs, and signs of luggage/cargo tractors used in civil airports.
Identification, instructions for use, packaging, transportation and storage.
This standard applies to luggage/cargo tractors (hereinafter referred to as tractors) used in civil airports.
Note. Tractors include internal combustion tractors and electric tractors.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB 1495 Limits and measurement methods of noise outside the vehicle during acceleration
GB/T 3766 General rules and safety requirements for hydraulic transmission systems and their components
GB/T 4094.2 Marks for electric vehicle controls, indicators and signal devices
GB/T 7593 Symbols for driver control devices and other display devices of motorized industrial vehicles
GB/T 7935 General technical conditions for hydraulic components
GB/T 9969 General Rules for the Use of Industrial Products
GB/T 12544 Maximum speed test method for automobiles
GB/T 12547 Lowest stable vehicle speed test method
GB/T 12673 Measuring method for main dimensions of automobiles
GB/T 12674 Method for determination of automobile quality (weight) parameters
GB/T 12678 Automobile Reliability Driving Test Method
GB/T 14436 General Rules of Guarantee Documents for Industrial Products
GB/T 18488.1 Drive motor system for electric vehicles Part 1.Technical conditions
GB/T 18849 brake performance and component strength of motor industrial vehicles
GB 20891 Diesel engine exhaust pollutant emission limits and measurement methods for non-road mobile machinery (China Phase III and IV)
GB/T 21268 General technical conditions for off-highway tourist sightseeing vehicles
GB 36886 Non-road mobile diesel machinery exhaust smoke limit and measurement method
GJB 150.3 Military equipment environmental test method high temperature test
GJB 150.4 Military equipment environmental test method Low temperature test
GJB 150.9 Military Equipment Environmental Test Method Warm Test
JB/T 5943 General technical conditions for welding parts of construction machinery
JB/T 10750 tractor
MH/T 0023 Graphical symbols for aircraft ground service equipment
QC/T 484 Automotive paint coating
QC/T 625 coating and chemical treatment layer for automobile
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Luggage/cargo tractor
In civil airports, motor vehicles used to tow aircraft container/bulk cargo trailers and various ground equipment.
3.2
Maximum tow force
On a flat, dry concrete ground, the towing vehicle drives with a fixed height level traction load test vehicle with a traction bolt, electric traction
When the vehicle motor reaches the maximum allowable current of the 5 min working system or the governor overcurrent protection, the traction motor is blocked, and the driving wheel is slipping, it acts on
The horizontal tension on the fixed height hook.
On a flat, dry concrete ground, the towing vehicle drives with the fixed height level of the traction bolt to tow the load test vehicle, internal combustion type traction
Until the engine stalls (hydraulic transmission tractor is in a torque converter stall state) or the drive wheels completely slip, acting on a fixed height
The horizontal pull on the hook.
[From JB/T 10750 "Tractor"]
3.3
Rated tow force
On a flat, dry concrete ground, the towing vehicle drives with a fixed height level traction load test vehicle with a traction bolt, electric traction
The horizontal pulling force acting on the fixed height hook when the traction motor reaches the rated current of the 1 h working system.
On a flat, dry concrete ground, the towing vehicle drives with the fixed height level of the traction bolt to tow the load test vehicle, internal combustion type traction
When the vehicle speed reaches not less than 10% of the maximum operating speed (the tractor is not towed), the horizontal pulling force acting on the fixed height hook.
3.4
Rated mass rating
The sum of the mass of a single trailer towed by the rated hook traction and the cargo it carries.
3.5
Driving range
The distance traveled by the electric tractor from the fully charged state of the traction battery to the end of the inspection.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 All purchased parts of the tractor shall meet the requirements of relevant national standards or industry standards, and have relevant certification documents and factory qualification certificates.
4.1.2 The welding of structural parts of the tractor shall meet the requirements of JB/T 5943.
4.1.3 The paint coating of the tractor shall meet the requirements of QC/T 484.
4.1.4 The coating and chemical treatment layer of tractor parts shall meet the requirements of QC/T 625.
4.1.5 The tractor should have a clean appearance, and all parts and components should be intact and free from defects.
4.1.6 The electrical installation of the tractor shall comply with the electrical schematic diagram, and the terminals shall have obvious marks that are not easy to fall off. The connecting parts and tightening
The firmware should be connected reliably and equipped with anti-loosening device. The tools and accessories of the tractor should be fixed and reliable.
4.1.7 The pipelines of the oil circuit and gas circuit system of the tractor should be neatly arranged, firmly clamped, and should not rub or interfere with moving parts.
4.1.8 All electrical components and wiring harnesses of the tractor shall be neatly arranged and firmly fixed, and appropriate protective measures shall be taken.
4.1.9 The tractor should be free of oil, water or air leakage.
4.1.10 Traction devices should be installed before and after the tractor. The front traction device should meet the requirements for being towed when the vehicle fails, and the rear traction device should
It is set on the longitudinal axis of the tractor and is safe, reliable and easy to operate. Rear traction device, see Figure 1.
Figure 1 Traction device
4.1.11 There should be enough space for operation and maintenance of the tractor.
4.1.12 The axle load of the tractor shall not exceed the maximum design axle load of the axle, and the bearing capacity of the tire shall match the axle load of the tractor. Steering shaft
The ratio of the load to the curb weight of the tractor should not be less than 20%.
4.1.13 When a pneumatic tire is installed on the split rim, it should be ensured that the rim bolt can be loosened after the wheel is removed from the vehicle.
4.1.14 There should be no sharp edges and corners in the area that the driver and ground operators may reach.
4.1.15 The towing vehicle should be equipped with a lifting point or forklift position.
4.1.16 The towing vehicle should be equipped with a speedometer, odometer and working hour meter. The hourly measurement range should not be less than 9999 h. Internal combustion tractor small
The timepiece starts timing with the internal combustion engine started. The hour meter switch of the electric tractor should be connected in series in the acceleration switch circuit.
start the timer. Internal combustion tractors should be equipped with fuel gauges, and electric tractors should be equipped with electricity meters.
4.1.17 Obvious working status indication signals should be set on the operation console, and the graphic symbols should comply with the regulations of MH/T 0023.
4.2 Safety requirements
4.2.1 General requirements
4.2.1.1 The tractor shall be equipped with at least one 8 kg dry powder fire extinguisher, placed in the cab or on the vehicle body, and easy to take and place.
4.2.1.2 The towing vehicle should be equipped with a parking brake indicator.
4.2.1.3 The traction device should be equipped with a locking mechanism to prevent the traction pin from falling out.
4.2.1.4 The towing vehicle should be equipped with a C-type low-intensity aviation obstruction light that meets the requirements of MH/T 6012 at an appropriate position on the top.
Ignition switch connection.
4.2.1.5 The lighting and signal devices, wipers, warning lights, etc. of the tractor should be powered by DC12 V. Use negative (or positive) grounding
The insulation resistance between the positive pole and the negative pole of the electrical equipment in the single-wire power supply mode should be greater than 500 kΩ.
4.2.1.6 Suppliers of commercial chassis and self-made chassis shall provide vehicle CAN bus communication standard interface protocol and vehicle operation information.
4.2.1.7 The protection level of the electrical control box, control components and electrical connections outside the cab should not be less than IP55.The electric control box in the cab,
Control components and electrical connections should not be affected by rain, and the installation location should be effectively isolated from the water-intakeable parts of the cab.
4.2.1.8 The tractor can only be started when it is in neutral or parked gear.
4.2.2 Requirements for electric tractors
4.2.2.1 General requirements
4.2.2.1.1 The identification of control parts, indicators and signaling devices shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 4094.2.
4.2.2.1.2 Obvious warning signs shall be provided on the power battery box and high voltage components. The power battery box should be clearly marked
Identify the chemical type of the power battery.
4.2.2.1.3 Electric tractors shall have safe approach functions. When the accelerator pedal is not controlled, it can start smoothly and drive at low speed without
Shock.
4.2.2.1.4 The electric towing vehicle should go through at least two steps from the "power off" state to the "driving" state. Should be set
Install a device to prevent unauthorized personnel from starting the tractor.
4.2.2.1.5 When the electric tractor is externally charged, it shall have the charging stop function.
4.2.2.1.6 The charging circuit should be isolated from the chassis.
4.2.2.1.7 After abnormal power failure, the drive system should automatically switch to the standby state.
4.2.2.1.8 For electric clean water trucks with battery packs with a voltage greater than 60 V, the main circuit of the power system should be isolated from the chassis, and the power system
The conductive shell of high-voltage components shall be equipotentially connected with the chassis.
4.2.2.1.9 Electric tractors should be equipped with a power cut-off switch independent of the control system. After the driver leaves the driving position for 3 s～5 s,
It should be able to automatically disconnect the main driving circuit.
4.2.2.1.10 The driving motor should be equipped with an overcurrent protection device, and the steering motor should be equipped with a short-circuit protection device. Electric tractor is normal
When driving, when the steering wheel is placed at the maximum steering angle, the steering motor should be able to work continuously and stably.
4.2.2.1.11 A red mushroom-type main power emergency disconnect switch and a mechanical actuator shall be installed at a location within the reach of the driver.
Power battery power cut-off switch.
4.2.2.1.12 The power supply of the power system shall adopt a two-wire loop design. When the auxiliary circuit is electrically connected to the power system, the auxiliary circuit shall be prevented
The voltage is too high.
4.2.2.1.13 The cable connector should match the power cable, and the crimping should be firm, and its protection level should not be lower than IP55.Voltage at 60 V
(DC) (inclusive) cable connectors above should be equipped with locking devices.
4.2.2.1.14 When the remaining power of the power battery reaches the lower limit, an audible and visual warning signal shall be set, and it shall be ensured that the tractor is in the lighting power supply state.
In the state, you can drive to the charging area (the driving distance is not less than 1 km).
4.2.2.1.15 Towing vehicles using battery packs with voltages of 60 V and above shall take protective measures at all parts that may cause electric shocks.
And there is a "high voltage danger" sign.
4.2.2.2 Insulation
4.2.2.2.1 The insulation class of the motor should not be lower than class H.
4.2.2.2.2 No silicone material should be used for any part of the motor.
4.2.2.2.3 The electrical and mechanical properties of the enameled wire should not be degraded at the limited temperature of the insulation class, even if it is continuously operated under the specified work system.
The enameled wire should not lose its insulation.
4.2.2.2.4 Under the condition of the maximum working voltage, the minimum value of the insulation resistance of the DC circuit should be greater than 100 Ω/V.
The minimum value should be greater than 500 Ω/V.
4.2.2.2.5 Creepage distance
The creepage distance between the two battery connection terminals is calculated according to formula (1).
4.2.2.3 Battery
4.2.2.3.1 The battery should be placed in a battery box with a cover. The distance between the metal cover and the live parts of the battery should not be less than 30 mm,
Insulating material should be attached to the inner top surface of the battery cover.
4.2.2.3.2 A force of 980 N is applied to the 300 mm×300 mm area of the cover plate, and the cover plate should not contact the terminal surface. Cover
In normal use, it should be tightly closed without movement.
4.2.2.3.3 For tractors with lead-acid batteries, the battery box and its cover shall be provided with appropriate ventilation holes.
4.2.2.3.4 For tractors using lead-acid batteries, the inner surface of the battery box should be resistant to chemical corrosion from the electrolyte. The battery box should be
Protective device to prevent electrolyte from flowing to the ground.
4.2.2.3.5 The battery and its cabinet shall be installed firmly and easy to disassemble.
4.2.2.3.6 The protection level of power battery systems (except lead-acid batteries) shall not be lower than IP67.
4.2.2.3.7 Batteries (except lead-acid batteries) should be equipped with battery management systems and online insulation testing devices.
4.2.2.4 Motor
4.2.2.4.1 The motor and its controller shall meet the requirements of GB/T 18488.1.
4.2.2.4.2 The driving motor should adopt S2 60 min, S1 or S9 working system, and the motor protection level should not be lower than IP55.
4.2.2.4.3 If the steering motor is selected, the S2 30 min, S2 60 min or S1 working system should be adopted, and its protection level should not be lower than
IP55.The steering motor should be able to ensure that the comprehensive stress and temperature rise experienced will not cause any component failure or excessive deformation.
4.2.2.4.4 When the electric tractor needs to drive by changing the direction of motor rotation, a motor reversing protection device should be installed to ensure that only
When the tractor is stopped, the motor can be reversed.
4.3 Maneuverability
4.3.1 Power performance
4.3.1.1 When the ambient temperature is not lower than -5 ℃, the tractor shall be able to start successfully within 3 times.
4.3.1.2 The tractor should be equipped with a low temperature starting device, which can start smoothly within 3 min to 5 min when the ambient temperature is lower than -15 ℃.
4.3.1.3 When the tractor is unloaded, the minimum stable vehicle speed should not be greater than 3 km/h, and the maximum vehicle speed should not be less than 25 km/h. The tractor is fully loaded
The maximum vehicle speed should not be less than 10 km/h.
4.3.1.4 The maximum traction of electric tractors shall meet the design requirements when the electricity is 100% and 50%.
4.3.1.5 The rated traction quality of electric tractors starts from the full power of the power battery until the low power alarm of the power battery.
It should be able to drive continuously, and the motor, power battery and controller should not be overheated.
4.3.1.6 After the internal combustion tractor is full of fuel, it should be able to tow 0.5 times the rated traction quality and work continuously for no less than 8 hours.
4.3.1.7 The no-load driving range of an electric tractor shall be no less than 100 km.
4.3.2 Transmission
4.3.2.1 The transmission device should run smoothly and without impact. When turning or driving in a curve, the left and right driving wheels should operate in coordination.
4.3.2.2 A tractor equipped with an automatic transmission shall be equipped with a shift limiting device to prevent direct conversion between forward gear and reverse gear when the vehicle is not stopped.
4.3.3 Steering performance
4.3.3.1 The steering device should be compact in structure, easy to install, flexible and reliable in operation.
4.3.3.2 When the towing vehicle transitions from straight-line driving to the maximum steering angle, the number of turns of the steering wheel should not exceed 2.5 turns.
4.3.3.3 The maximum free turning angle of the steering wheel of the tractor shall not be greater than 15°.
4.3.4 Braking performance
The performance of the tractor brake should meet the requirements of GB/T 18849.
4.4 Passability
4.4.1 The minimum ground clearance should not be less than 127 mm.
4.4.2 The approach angle should not be less than 15°, the departure angle should not be less than 20°, and the ramp passing angle should not be less than 10°.
4.5 Enclosed cab
4.5.1 The cab should be able to accommodate 2 people.
4.5.2 The shape and layout of the cab should not obstruct the sight of the driver and the operator. The driver should be able to clearly observe the towing
Device.
4.5.3 Safety glass should be used for doors, windows and windshield glass. The front windshield should be equipped with defrosting and defogging devices, and the rear windshield should be equipped with defrosting devices.
Frost and defogging device.
4.5.4 Wipers should be installed on the front and rear windshields of the cab, and the area of the wipers should ensure that the driver has a good vision.
4.6 Lighting and signaling devices
4.6.1 The tractor should be equipped with at least the lamps listed in Table 1.
4.6.2 The towing vehicle should be equipped with a reversing sound alarm.
4.7 Hydraulic system
4.7.1 The hydraulic system of the tractor shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3766.Hydraulic components should meet the requirements of GB/T 7935.
And set up warning signs.
4.7.3 The hydraulic system should be equipped with an exhaust device.
4.7.4 The hydraulic oil tank should be equipped with an oil gauge, clearly marking the allowable maximum and minimum oil level boundaries. The filler and drain of the hydraulic oil tank should be
The setting is reasonable and the operation is convenient.
4.8 Control device
4.8.1 The internal combustion tractor should be equipped with a fuel gauge. Electric tractors should be equipped with a power meter, and the maximum allowable error of the full scale indication is 10%.
When the remaining battery capacity is less than 30%, it should be prompted by sound and light.
4.8.2 The monitoring instrument that comes with the power plant shall meet the requirements of the corresponding product specification, and the accuracy level of other monitoring instruments shall not be lower than
Level 2.5.
4.9 Environmental requirements
4.9.1 When the towing vehicle is accelerating, the noise outside the vehicle shall meet the requirements of GB 1495.
4.9.2 The ear noise of the driver of an internal combustion tractor should not exceed 90 dB(A). The noise at the ears of the driver of an electric tractor should not exceed 80
dB(A).
4.9.3 The exhaust pollutant emission limits of internal combustion tractors shall meet the requirements of GB 20891.
4.9.4 The diesel engine of the internal combustion tractor adopts the free acceleration method for smoke measurement, and the exhaust light absorption system measured by the opaque smoke metho...
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