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HJ 945.2-2018: Technical guideline for the development of national water pollutant discharge standards
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Technical guideline for the development of national water pollutant discharge standards
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HJ 945.2-2018
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Standard similar to HJ 945.2-2018 HJ 945.3 HJ 943 HJ 945.1 Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 945.2-2018 (HJ945.2-2018) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical guideline for the development of national water pollutant discharge standards | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Word Count Estimation | 21,289 | | Date of Issue | 2018-12-19 | | Date of Implementation | 2019-01-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment Announcement No.65 of 2018 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | HJ 945.2-2018: Technical guideline for the development of national water pollutant discharge standards
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Technical guideline for the development of national water pollutant discharge standards
Ministry of Ecology and Environment
National Environmental Protection Standard of the People's Republic
Technical guidelines for the formulation of national water pollutant discharge standards
Technical guideline for the development of national water pollutant
Discharge standards
Published on.2018-12-19
2019-01-01 implementation
release
Content
Foreword...iii
1 Scope of application...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and Definitions...1
4 basic principles...3
5 technical routes... 4
6 Determination of main technical content...4
7 Cost-benefit analysis of standard implementation...10
8 standard text structure and main content of the preparation instructions...11
Appendix A (informative) Contents and format requirements for the preparation of national water pollutant discharge standards...13
Foreword
To implement the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Water Pollution Prevention and Control,
The Environmental Protection Law, which regulates the revision and revision of national water pollutant discharge standards, and formulates this standard.
This standard stipulates the basic principles and technical routes for the formulation of industrial water pollutant discharge standards, and the determination of major technical contents.
The cost-benefit analysis of the standard implementation, the standard text structure, and the main content of the standard preparation instructions.
This standard is the first release.
Appendix A of this standard is an informative annex.
This standard is formulated by the Department of Regulation and Standards of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
This standard was drafted. China Academy of Environmental Sciences.
This standard is approved by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on December 19,.2018.
This standard has been implemented since January 1,.2019.
This standard is explained by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
Technical guidelines for the formulation of national water pollutant discharge standards
1 Scope of application
This standard stipulates the basic principles and technical routes for the formulation of industrial water pollutant discharge standards, and the determination of major technical contents.
The cost-benefit analysis of the standard implementation, the standard text structure, and the main content of the standard preparation instructions.
This standard applies to the revision and revision of industrial water pollutant discharge standards. The revision of industrial local water pollutant discharge standards can be
Refer to this standard.
2 Normative references
The contents of this standard refer to the following documents or their terms. For undated references, the valid version applies to this standard.
quasi.
GB 3838 Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard
GB 3839 Technical principles and methods for formulating local water pollutant discharge standards
GB 8978 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard
HJ/T 91 Surface Water and Wastewater Monitoring Technical Specifications
HJ/T 168 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Monitoring and Analysis Methods
HJ 493 Technical Regulations for Preservation and Management of Water Quality Samples
HJ 494 Water Quality Sampling Technical Guidance
HJ 495 water quality sampling plan design technical regulations
HJ 565 Environmental Protection Standards Compilation Technical Guide
HJ 2300 Guidelines for the preparation of feasible technical guidelines for pollution prevention
Hazardous Chemicals Catalogue (Safety Regulatory Authority Announcement No. 5 of.2015)
List of Priority Control Chemicals (Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, National Health and Family Planning Commission.2017)
No. 83 of the year)
"Guidelines for the Implementation of National Pollutant Discharge Standards Implementation (Trial)" (Circular Science and Technology [2016] No. 94)
Measures for the Administration of the Revision and Revision of National Environmental Protection Standards (Guohuan Regulation Technology [2017] No. 1)
Measures for the Automatic Monitoring and Control of Pollution Sources (Order No. 28 of the State Environmental Protection Administration)
Measures for the Administration of Environmental Monitoring (Order No. 39 of the State Environmental Protection Administration)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Water pollutant discharge standards
In order to improve the quality of the environment, combined with technical, economic and environmental characteristics, water pollution directly or indirectly discharged into environmental water bodies
Restrictions on the types, concentrations and quantities of dyes, other factors that pose a hazard to the environment, monitoring methods and monitoring methods
Sex regulations.
3.2
Fixed source of stationary sources
All kinds of industrial enterprises, places, production facilities, fixed equipment, etc. that discharge water pollutants are referred to as fixed sources.
3.3
Industrial water pollutant discharge standards for water pollutant discharge standards for industries
Water pollutant discharge standards applicable to fixed sources in a particular industry.
3.4
Integrated water pollutant discharge standards
It is applicable to water pollutant discharge standards of fixed sources outside the scope of application of industrial water pollutant discharge standards.
3.5
Environmental water body
Surface water bodies, sea water bodies, etc. in rivers, lakes, canals, channels, reservoirs, etc. in the territory of the People’s Republic of China, and the Chinese people
Other sea waters under the jurisdiction of the Republic.
3.6
Concentrated wastewater treatment facility
Sewage treatment facilities providing sewage treatment services for two or more sewage disposal units, including urban sewage of various scales and types
Centralized processing facilities, industrial agglomeration areas (economic and technological development zones, high-tech industrial development zones, export processing zones, etc.)
Sewage centralized treatment facilities, and other sewage treatment facilities shared by two or more sewage disposal units.
3.7
Direct discharge
The behavior of pollutant discharge units directly discharging water pollutants into environmental water bodies.
3.8
Indirect discharge
The discharge of water pollutants by the sewage disposal unit to the sewage centralized treatment facility.
3.9
Existing sources of stationary stationary sources
A fixed source of production, approval or auditing or filing has been completed before the date of implementation of the standard.
3.10
New source of emissions
Fixed source construction projects for new construction, reconstruction and expansion that have passed the examination, approval or filing of environmental impact assessment documents since the date of implementation of the standards
Head.
3.11
Water pollutants
A substance that directly or indirectly discharges into an environmental water body that can cause water pollution.
3.12
Special discharge limit values of water pollutants
According to the requirements of environmental protection work, the density of land development has been higher, the environmental carrying capacity has begun to weaken, or the environmental capacity is relatively
Small areas, fragile ecological environment, areas prone to serious environmental pollution problems and requiring special protection measures, to strictly control enterprises
Water pollutant discharge limits established by pollutant discharge behaviour.
3.13
Comprehensive toxic effluent toxicity
Evaluate the toxicity of water characterized by aquatic organisms or microbial toxicity tests, ie standardized mini-water through freshwater, seawater and mixed zones
Acute or chronic toxicity of water as assessed by tests for plants, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates.
3.14
Effluent volume
The amount of sewage discharged by a pollutant discharge unit outside its legal boundary. The type of sewage includes various efflux that are directly or indirectly related to production.
Sewage, usually including production process sewage, plant domestic sewage, cooling sewage, plant boilers, power station drainage, etc.
3.15
Benchmark effluent volume per unit product
The upper limit of the displacement of the production unit product specified for the approval of the concentration of water pollutants.
3.16
Discharge outlet
The sewage unit discharges the sewage from the drainage outlet outside the boundary of the plant.
4 Basic principles
4.1 Legal and supporting principles
The standard shall regulate the emission conditions allowed by law, and the requirements specified in the standards shall comply with the requirements of various national laws and regulations. country
Domestic water pollutant discharge standards are formulated according to national water environmental quality standards and national economic and technical conditions, and are environmental access/exit and pollution of the industry.
Basic means of dyeing emission reduction, environmental risk prevention and control, and improving environmental quality, supporting environmental impact assessment, pollutant discharge permit, total control, and environment
Implementation of ecological environment management systems such as protection of taxes and supervision of law enforcement. Watershed/local water pollutant discharge standards, sewage permits, etc.
On the basis of dye discharge standards, it is further linked to environmental quality improvement targets.
4.2 Green and Leading Principles
Standards should fully consider national economic and social development planning and ecological environmental protection planning, industrial development strategic planning and industrial policies,
Targets and requirements such as access conditions, promote industrial structure optimization and adjustment, production technology and pollution prevention technology advancement, leading green and low
Carbon, recycling development.
4.3 Risk prevention and control principles
When formulating industry-level national water pollutant discharge standards, industry-specific pollutants should be identified and screened, based on the contamination of various characteristic pollutants.
Dyeing and control technology level, environmental quality standards, monitoring methods and monitoring levels, etc., clear emission limits for qualified pollutants with conditions
Values, characteristic pollutants that do not have the conditions clearly define environmental management requirements.
4.4 Principle of objective impartiality
The standard formulation should objectively and truly reflect the production process of the emission source, the level of pollution prevention technology and the discharge status of pollutants, etc.
Relevant opinions of relevant state departments, local ecological environment departments, industry enterprises, relevant associations, the public, etc.
Based on the level of standard control, the emission control requirements are proposed to be objective and fair.
4.5 System Coordination Principle
Standards should be linked to other industry- or integrated national water pollutant discharge standards to avoid overlapping, pollutant projects and emissions
The limits shall be applied and matched with the standards of monitoring and analysis methods to meet the requirements of environmental supervision and management standards, so that the standard system is strict and
Tune.
4.6 Reasonable Feasibility Principle
Standards development should fully consider the technical and economic factors, clarify the technical route of compliance, and carry out environmental and economic costs of standard implementation.
Analysis to ensure that standard technology is available and economically viable.
5 Technical route
5.1 The revision and revision of national water pollutant discharge standards shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the “Administrative Measures for the Revision and Revision of National Environmental Protection Standards”.
Stage work.
5.2 The main technical work of the standard revision includes environmental management needs analysis and current standard implementation assessment, data collection
And analysis, on-site investigation and actual measurement, classification and grading of pollution prevention and control technology, standard technical content determination and standard related material preparation, etc.
The route is shown in Figure 1.
6 Determination of main technical content
6.1 Environmental Management Requirements Analysis and Evaluation of Current Standard Implementation
6.1.1 Analysis of environmental protection laws and regulations, national economic and social development plans, pollution prevention action plans and ecological environmental protection regulations
Planning, environmental quality compliance requirements, environmental impact assessment, sewage permit, total control, environmental protection tax, supervision and enforcement, etc.
Management requirements to clarify the country's emissions management needs for water pollutants.
6.1.2 In combination with the results of environmental management needs analysis, in-depth analysis and assessment of the water pollutant discharge standards that have been assessed for implementation,
The focus of the standard revision and revision work; the water pollutant discharge standards that have not been evaluated for implementation shall be in accordance with the National Pollutant Discharge Standard.
The Assessment Work Guide (Trial) analyzes the problems existing in the current standards, including the scope of application of the standards, emission control requirements, and supervision.
Test requirements, etc., to clarify the focus of standard revision.
6.2 Data collection and analysis
6.2.1 Collect the latest industry development plans, industrial development strategy plans, industry access conditions and other policy documents, analyze the industry development side
Management requirements for water pollutant discharge.
6.2.2 Investigate the production data of the industry, including. the number of relevant national sources, regional distribution, scale, type of production process,
The number of production units, the output of products in recent years, the value of production and the proportion of the total output value of the country, the situation of the world's major producing countries, and the Qing
Clean production process application, consumption of raw and auxiliary materials, industry development history, etc., analyze industry production characteristics, future mainstream production process
And development trends.
Field measurement
Cost-benefit analysis
Classification and classification of pollution prevention and control technologies
Determine the industry-wide research plan to determine the actual test plan
Enterprise field research
Evaluation
Adjustment
Emission data collection and analysis industry production data, domestic and international standards and laws and regulations
Environmental management needs analysis and assessment of current standards implementation
Data collection and analysis
On-site investigation and on-site measurement
Standard technical content determination
Prepare standard texts for water pollutant discharge
Preparation of water pollutant discharge standards
specification
Sexual introduction
Use
emission
control
index
controlled
Pollution
Item
other
control
Claim
Pollution
Material supervisor
Measurement
Meet the standard
determination
Claim
Pollution
Row
Limit
Be applicable
range
Implementation
Supervision
the term
And
Figure 1 Technical route for the formulation of national water pollutant discharge standards
6.2.3 Investigate data on pollutant production and emission control, including. types and chemical compositions and production workers of various raw and auxiliary materials.
Art process, types of pollutants, pollution-producing nodes and pollution levels, as well as various emission control technologies and emission levels, investment costs and operation and maintenance
This and its ratio, environmental management measures, etc. Analyze the development trend of future emission control technologies.
6.2.4 Collecting emission monitoring data, including. online monitoring, law enforcement monitoring, self-monitoring of pollutant discharge units, completion of construction projects
Environmental protection acceptance monitoring data, including instantaneous, hourly and daily average emission concentrations of pollutants, displacement, and enterprise design capacity,
Actual capacity, production load, etc. Analyze the pollutant emission level, compliance ratio and emission characteristics of various production processes.
6.2.5 Collect relevant domestic and international emission standards, including. China's relevant pollutant discharge standards, as well as the United States, the European Union, and Japan.
Emission control regulations, standards and guidelines for major countries, regions and relevant international organizations such as Germany and the World Bank. Analysis of current China
The reasonableness of the scope of application of emission standards and the level of emission control requirements at the international level.
6.3 Site investigation
6.3.1 According to the existing production process type, raw material type, product, scale, pollution prevention technology, emission control level and points in the country
According to factors such as cloth situation, the types of emission sources are divided, and enterprises with national representation are selected for on-site investigation. For the research institutes that have been mastered
In-depth analysis of industry production and emissions data to determine the content of the survey.
6.3.2 In-depth on-site investigation of selected representative enterprises shall include, but is not limited to, the following. production of raw materials and ingredients, processes
Process and clean production level, production and discharge nodes, pollutant types, pollution prevention technology level, emission control facility construction cost, operation and maintenance
Cost, annual output value and profit. It should also communicate with enterprise technicians about problems in the implementation of current standards, production process improvements and emissions.
Control technology enhances potential and so on.
6.4 Field measurement
6.4.1 During the data collection and on-site investigation phase, the collected monitoring data should cover representative facilities of more than 80% of the industry's production capacity.
Type, the pollutant project is complete, can reflect the emission characteristics of the industry water pollutants, and has the necessary data for the emission limit. Otherwise, should be chosen
Select a representative source for actual measurement.
6.4.2 Before the actual measurement, a scientific and reasonable and practical measurement plan should be formulated according to the production and emission characteristics of the emission source. Measured party
The case should at least include production conditions, monitoring objects, monitoring points, frequency of monitoring, pollutants, sampling specifications, sample analysis and data.
Processing, monitoring and analysis method standards, quality assurance and quality control, safeguards and other content.
6.4.3 The measured pollutants should be analyzed in the production of raw and auxiliary materials, intermediates produced in the production process, and production facilities.
Determined based on pollutants, including carcinogens, mutagenic substances and reproductive toxic substances, other inorganic or organic water pollution
Dyestuffs, microbiological indicators, etc.
6.4.4 The actual measurement plan should organize expert argumentation to ensure that the measured data is accurate and credible, and ensure the integrity of the data in all key links. If necessary
Initially, preliminary tests can be carried out to analyze and evaluate the preliminary results and optimize the actual measurement plan.
6.5 Classification and classification of pollution prevention and control technologies
6.5.1 According to the obtained water pollution prevention technical data, list the prevention and control technology and the principle of each technology, refer to the HJ 2300
Seeking to classify the collected water pollution prevention and control technologies.
6.5.2 Analyze data collected by each type of pollution prevention technology, field survey data, online data, and field measured data.
Determine the removal efficiency, emission level, construction cost of emission control facilities, and unit pollutant removal for each type of pollution prevention technology
Technical water and other key indicators and parameters of environmental economic technology, as well as other environmental impacts, environmental benefits, economic benefits, etc.
Level grading.
6.6 Determination of the scope of application
6.6.1 In principle, the scope of application of industrial water pollutant discharge standards should be able to cover all types of emission sources permitted by law in the industry.
6.6.2 It should be effectively linked with other relevant emission standards in accordance with the principle of non-crossover implementation, where there is no applicable industrial water pollutant discharge
Standard emission sources for comprehensive water pollutant discharge standards.
6.6.3 The scope of application should clarify the specific technical content and standards specified in the standard in the application of ecological environment management, and should be clear when necessary
The standard does not apply.
6.7 Determination of terms and definitions
6.7.1 The terms and definitions necessary to understand the standard shall be given in the order in which they appear in the standard text.
6.7.2 Terms and definitions should have an accurate source. Try to use the definitions in national standards, national environmental protection standards or international standards. If
Unacceptable terms and definitions should be based on sufficient literature research and in-depth argumentation to identify scientific, accurate and concise terms and
definition.
6.8 Determination of emission control requirements
6.8.1 Emission control requirements mainly include. pollutants, control indicators, emission limits, unit product drainage, monitoring position
Etc., the technical and management measures for implementing the standard may also be specified. Emission control requirements should be verified and confirmed by technical or managerial means.
6.8.2 Determination of water pollutant emission control items. The emission standards should completely control the water pollutants discharged, and the specified pollutant project names.
It should be accurate; when determining pollutants, it should be based on emission data and combined with relevant emission standards of developed countries, regions and organizations.
According to the characteristics of wastewater, pH value, suspended solids (SS), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), petroleum, animal and vegetable oil, color, and feces
In addition to the usual control items such as intestinal flora, all pollutants that need to be controlled are identified by screening in the following order.
1) chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen;
2) total nitrogen and total phosphorus;
3) Carcinogens, mutagenic substances and reproductive toxic substances;
4) Heavy metal pollutants controlled by the state such as lead, cadmium, chromium and arsenic;
5) List of toxic and hazardous water pollutants and substances listed in the List of Priority Control Chemicals;
6) International compliance pollutants such as dioxins and mercury;
7) Substances listed in the Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals;
8) Other pollutants that have a greater impact on human health;
9) For industries with more types of toxic and harmful water pollutants, comprehensive toxicity indicators should be considered to reflect the ecological
The combined impact of the environment.
In principle, characteristic pollutants with monitoring conditions should be listed as pollution control projects, and emission limits should be specified;
The characteristic pollutants of the condition should be clearly defined in environmental management requirements.
6.8.3 Determination of emission control indic...
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