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HJ 943-2018: Technical specification for pollution control of cyanide leaching residue in gold industry
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Technical specification for pollution control of cyanide leaching residue in gold industry
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HJ 943-2018
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Standard similar to HJ 943-2018 HJ 511 HJ 945.3 HJ/T 954 Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 943-2018 (HJ943-2018) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical specification for pollution control of cyanide leaching residue in gold industry | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Word Count Estimation | 14,176 | | Date of Issue | 2018-03-01 | | Date of Implementation | 2018-03-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Environmental Protection Notice No.17 of 2018 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | HJ 943-2018: Technical specification for pollution control of cyanide leaching residue in gold industry
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Technical specification for pollution control of cyanide leaching residue in gold industry
National Environmental Protection Standards of the People's Republic of China
Technical specifications for cyanide residue pollution control in the gold industry
Technical specification for pollution control of
cyanide leaching residue in gold industry
Released on.2018-03-01
2018-03-01 Implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection
Table of contents
Foreword...i
1 Scope of application...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and definitions...2
4 General technical requirements...3
5 Technical requirements for pollution control of cyanide residue storage and transportation...4
6 Technical Requirements for Pollution Control in the Disposal of Cyanide Slag Tailings Pond...5
7 Technical requirements for pollution control of heap leaching cyanide tailings disposal...6
8 Technical requirements for pollution control of cyanide residue utilization...6
9 Monitoring system requirements...7
10 Environmental emergency and risk prevention and control...8
Appendix A (informative appendix) Cyanide residue decyanation treatment technology...9
Technical specifications for cyanide residue pollution control in the gold industry
1 Scope of application
This standard specifies the storage and transportation of cyanide residues produced during the cyanidation of gold ore, cyanidation of gold concentrate, and cyanide heap leaching in the gold industry.
Pollution control and monitoring system requirements in the process of transportation, decyanation treatment, utilization and disposal.
This standard applies to the pollution control of cyanide residues in the gold industry during storage, transportation, decyanation treatment, utilization and disposal.
And environmental impact assessment, environmental protection facility design, completed environmental protection acceptance, sewage discharge of projects related to cyanide residue in the gold industry
License management, cleaner production audit, etc.
In the gold industry, the cyanidation of gold ore, cyanidation of gold concentrate, and cyanidation heap leaching process produced wastewater treatment sludge, its storage, transportation,
The technical requirements for pollution control in the process of decyanation treatment, utilization and disposal shall be implemented in accordance with this standard.
2 Normative references
The content of this standard refers to the clauses in the following documents. For undated reference documents, their valid versions are applicable to this
standard.
GB 3838 Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard
GB 8978 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard
GB 16297 Comprehensive Emission Standard of Air Pollutants
GB 18598 Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Landfill
GB 18599 Pollution Control Standard for General Industrial Solid Waste Storage and Disposal Site
GB 30485 Cement Kiln Co-processing Solid Waste Pollution Control Standard
GB/T 14848 Groundwater Quality Standard
GBZ 2.1 Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Factors in the Workplace Part 1.Chemical Hazardous Factors
HJ 484 Water quality-Determination of cyanide volumetric method and spectrophotometric method
HJ 651 Technical Specifications for Mine Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration (Trial)
HJ 662 Cement Kiln Co-processing Solid Waste Environmental Protection Technical Specification
HJ 740 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Tailings Pond (Trial)
HJ 745 Determination of soil cyanide and total cyanide spectrophotometric method
HJ 819 General Principles of Technical Guidelines for Self-monitoring of Pollutant Discharge Units
HJ/T 299 Solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method sulfuric acid nitric acid method
CJJ 113 Engineering Technical Code for Seepage Control System of Sanitary Landfill Site of Domestic Waste
CJ/T 234 High-density polyethylene geomembrane for landfill
BB/T 0037 PVC flame retardant tarpaulin and tarp coated on both sides
"Guidelines for the Preparation of Environmental Emergency Response Plans for Tailings Ponds" (Huanban [2015] No. 48)
3 Terms and definitions
3.1
Cyanide leaching residue
Solid waste produced after cyanidation leaching and solid-liquid separation of gold-containing materials, including gold ore cyanide tailings and gold concentrate cyanide
Tailings, heap leaching cyanide tailings.
3.2
Gold ores cyaniding tailings
Use unsorted gold ore or tailings of sorted gold ore as raw materials, after crushing, grinding and pretreatment, use
Cyanide leaching the cyanide residue after gold extraction.
3.3
Gold concentrates cyaniding tailings
The gold ore after sorting operation is used as raw material, after regrinding and pretreatment, cyanide leaching is used to extract the cyanide residue after gold extraction.
3.4
Heap-leaching tailings
Using gold ore as raw material, after crushing, cyanide is used to infiltrate the cyanide residue after gold extraction.
3.5
Cyanide-containing tailings pulp
The solid-liquid mixture of gold ore and gold concentrate after cyanidation leaching to extract gold and other valuable elements.
3.6
Decyanation treatment
The process of removing cyanide from cyanide residue and cyanide tailing slurry by physical, chemical, biological and other methods.
3.7
Cyanide residue backfilling
After the cyanide residue is decyanided, it is filled into the goaf or backfilled into the open pit, including underground filling and open air
Backfill.
3.8
Backfilling bleeding water
When the backfill is transported to the backfill site, the liquid is precipitated when the backfill is formed by sedimentation or solidification.
3.9
Leaching
The activity of spray cleaning and decyanation treatment on the cyanide tailings of heap leaching to reduce the concentration of cyanide.
3.10
Heap-leaching tailings transfer
In order to continue to use the heap leaching site, the heap leaching cyanide tailings should be leached after reaching a certain standard, and then the heap leaching cyanidation tailings should be removed.
Disposal activities to a site that meets the requirements of this standard.
3.11
Enhanced natural degradation
After solid-liquid separation, the cyanide tailing slurry reaches a specific moisture content and cyanide content.
Intensify degradation under natural conditions to reduce the content of cyanide.
3.12
New disposal site for cyanide leaching residue
From the date of implementation of this standard, the newly built, rebuilt and expanded cyanide residue disposal sites for which the environmental impact assessment documents have been approved, including
Tailings pond and heap leaching site (including the site for disposing of cyanide tailings after dumping).
4 General technical requirements
4.1 The selection of cyanide residue utilization and disposal technology should consider the properties of gold ore and the characteristics of the production process, and the utilization and disposal process should meet the requirements
National and local environmental protection requirements.
4.2 The cyanide tailings of gold ore should be backfilled first. If the conditions for backfilling are not available, they should be disposed of in accordance with the requirements of this standard; heap leaching cyanide
Chemical tailings should be preferentially disposed of in situ; cyanide tailings of gold concentrates should be used preferentially. If the conditions for utilization are not available, they should be treated in accordance with this standard.
Disposal is required.
4.3 The environmental management account records of cyanide residue utilization and disposal enterprises shall comply with relevant national regulations, and the basic information of the facilities shall be recorded separately.
Daily operation information and pollution control facilities
Operation and maintenance status.
4.4 Prior to the utilization and disposal of cyanide residues, suitable technologies should be selected for decyanation treatment according to the utilization and disposal methods. The use and disposal of different cyanide residues
Refer to Table 1 for the selection of decyanation treatment technology for disposal methods. The decyanation treatment workshop should adopt cement hardening and other anti-corrosion and anti-seepage (leakage)
Measures to set up anti-seepage (leakage) accident pools. The effective volume of the accident pool shall meet the requirements of relevant design codes. Produced in the process of decyanation treatment
Raw wastewater should be recycled first.
And to ensure that the entire transportation process is covered to avoid dust and rainwater. Transport vehicles should enter the body before leaving the cyanide residue site
After cleaning, the waste water should be collected and treated in a standardized manner;
b) When using PVC flame-retardant waterproof cloth and tarpaulin, it should meet the quality requirements of BB/T 0037;
c) The loaded cyanide residue should be 100 mm lower than the body of the transport vehicle;
d) The dust and air cyanide concentration in the cyanide slag loading, unloading and transshipment work site meet the requirements of GBZ 2.1.It is forbidden to rain.
Stop loading and unloading in the open air;
e) When transporting cyanide residues, enterprises should choose appropriate transportation routes and avoid sensitive points such as water sources, scenic spots and historical sites. Unable to
Avoided, bridges with rainwater collection systems should be selected when crossing water sources.
5.4 When transporting cyanide residue in the factory through villages and municipal roads, the relevant requirements in Article 5.3 shall be followed.
6 Technical requirements for pollution control in the disposal of cyanide residue tailings pond
6.1 The tailings pond must adopt the anti-seepage design, and should meet the following regulations.
a) When clay is used for seepage control, the permeability coefficient of the seepage control layer is not less than 1.0×10-7cm/s, and the thickness is not less than 1.5 m;
b) When using high-density polyethylene film composite lining for seepage prevention, the thickness of the high-density polyethylene film is not less than 1.0 mm, and
Meet the technical index requirements specified in CJ/T 234.The laying and welding process of high-density polyethylene film shall meet the requirements of CJJ 113
skills requirement. After the construction is completed, the integrity of the high-density polyethylene film should be tested.
6.2 When the total copper, total lead, total zinc, total arsenic, total mercury, total cadmium, total chromium and chromium (hexavalent) in the cyanide residue or cyanide tailing slurry are lower than
GB 18598 Landfill pollution control limit requirements, and cyanide in the leachate prepared according to HJ/T 299 (in CN-)
When the value measured according to HJ 484 total cyanide determination method is not more than 5 mg/L, it can be put into the tailings pond for disposal.
6.3 In areas where the average annual rainfall in the past five years is less than 300 mm and the evaporation intensity is greater than 1500 mm, cyanide residue can be
The enhanced natural degradation method is adopted in the tailings pond for treatment and disposal, and the following regulations should be met.
a) Total copper, total lead, total zinc, total arsenic, total mercury, total cadmium, total chromium, and chromium (hexavalent) should be lower than GB 18598
Landfill pollution control limits are required, and the cyanide in the leachate prepared according to HJ/T 299 (calculated as CN-) is in accordance with HJ 484 total
The value measured by the cyanide determination method is not more than 10 mg/L;
b) Dust prevention measures should be taken during daily operations such as turning piles, rolling, and drying;
c) The moisture content of the cyanide residue shall not exceed 22%. The enhanced natural degradation disposal site should be divided into regions and layers for drying treatment, each layer
The thickness is not more than 500 mm, and the drying time is not less than 20 days.
7 Technical requirements for pollution control of heap leaching cyanide tailings disposal
7.1 The technical requirements for anti-seepage of the heap leaching site shall be implemented in accordance with Article 6.1 of this standard.
7.2 Before the end of the heap leaching production, the heap leaching tailings can be dumped and should meet the following requirements.
a) The heap leaching body should be continuously leached before dumping;
b) The value of cyanide in the eluent (calculated as CN-) according to HJ 484 Easily Released Cyanide Determination Method is not more than 0.2
mg/L, and the concentration of copper, lead, zinc, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and chromium (hexavalent) is lower than
When the corresponding index limit of the energy category is reached, the leaching can be stopped and the dumping operation can be carried out;
c) The site used to dispose of the cyanide tailings after dumping should comply with the regulations of Class I site in GB 18599.
7.3 After the heap leaching production is over, the heap leaching tailings can be shut down in the original position. After the operation is closed, the leakage of the heap leaching tailings should be continued.
The filtrate is collected and reused, and if it needs to be discharged, it shall meet the wastewater discharge requirements in Article 4.6 of this standard.
7.4 The gold ore cyanide tailings and gold concentrate cyanide tailings that enter the heap leaching site for in-situ closure operations shall meet the requirements of Section 6.2 of this standard.
The technical requirements of the article.
8 Technical requirements for pollution control of cyanide residue utilization
8.1 Technical requirements for pollution control of gold ore cyanide tailings backfilling
8.1.1 Decyanation treatment should be carried out before backfilling, and meet the following requirements.
a) The cyanide tailings slurry should first be decyanated by solid-liquid separation washing method;
b) The filter residue after solid-liquid separation and washing should adopt ozone oxidation method, hydrogen peroxide oxidation method and other methods that are not easy to produce secondary pollution.
Method for deep decyanation treatment;
c) The backfill cyanide residue should not be decyanated by the Inco method, the chlorine oxidation method and the cyanide reduction precipitation method.
8.1.2 When using cyanide residue as an alternative raw material for backfilling aggregate, the cyanide in the leachate prepared according to HJ/T 299 (with CN-
Calculated) According to HJ 484 easy-release cyanide measurement method, the value obtained should be lower than the underground backfill location specified in GB/T 14848.
The corresponding indicator limits for water quality classification, and total copper, total lead, total zinc, total arsenic, total mercury, total cadmium, total chromium, and chromium (hexavalent)
The concentration should meet the requirements of category I general industrial solid waste in GB 18599.
8.1.3 Necessary airtight measures shall be taken at the backfill operation site to prevent the backfill slurry from leaking out of the filling area.
8.1.4 The secreted fluid from backfilling operations should be collected together with mine water for backfilling operations and production use. If necessary, the discharge should comply with this
The requirements for wastewater discharge in Article 4.6 of the standard.
8.1.5 When the cyanide residue is backfilled to the open pit, it shall meet the technical requirements for pollution control of the cyanide residue tailing pond disposal.
8.2 Technical requirements for pollution control of cement kiln co-processing
8.2.1 When the co-processing position of the cyanide slag cement kiln is the kiln tail smoke chamber/calciner, the total cyanide in the cyanide slag (in CN-
Calculated) The value measured according to HJ 745 is not higher than 1500 mg/kg, and the total amount of cyanide slag added should account for less than 15% of cement clinker.
8.2.2 When the co-processing position of the cyanide slag cement kiln is the raw mill, the total cyanide (calculated by CN-) in the raw meal into the kiln is based on
The measured value of HJ 745 is not higher than 3g/t-clinker.
8.2.3 Other requirements for co-processing of cyanide slag cement kilns shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 30485 and HJ 662.
8.3 When cyanide slag is used as an alternative raw material for the smelting of non-ferrous metals, rare precious metals, and ferrous metals, its total cyanide (calculated in CN-)
The value measured according to HJ 745 shall not be higher than 1500 mg/kg.
9 Monitoring system requirements
9.1 Enterprises should establish an enterprise monitoring system, formulate a monitoring plan, and control pollutant emissions in accordance with HJ 819 and relevant laws and regulations.
The status of release and its impact on the surrounding environmental quality shall be monitored independently, the original monitoring records shall be kept, and the management shall be conducted in accordance with the disclosure of information
Measures to publish monitoring results.
9.2 The enterprise shall sample and monitor the decyanation treatment effect of cyanide residue used in tailing pond disposal and backfilling.
9.2.1 The sampling point for the disposal of the cyanide slag tailings pond should be set before entering the tailings pond or at the outlet of the decyanidation treatment workshop;
8.1.2 Enterprises that require backfilling and utilization shall sample the backfilled cyanide residue; those that require backfilling and utilization in accordance with 8.1.5
For enterprises, the sampling point should be set before entering the open pit or at the outlet of the decyanation treatment workshop.
9.2.2 Cyanide is monitored every 8 hours (or one production shift), and the number of samples each time should be no less than 10 samples.
The sample is not less than 0.5 kg, and it is analyzed and determined after mixing evenly; total copper, total lead, total zinc, total arsenic, total mercury, total cadmium, total
Chromium, chromium (hexavalent) and other pollutants are measured once a month, with a fixed sampling period, and the number of samples should be no less than 10 samples each time.
Each sample shall not be less than 0.5 kg, and analyze and determine after mixing evenly.
9.3 The method for determining the eluent that meets the requirements for dumping in 7.2 shall be implemented in accordance with the following requirements.
a) The number of samples collected within 24 hours is not less than 10, and the sampling interval is greater than 1 hour;
b) Monitoring indicators and analysis methods refer to 7.2 b) Implementation;
c) The over-standard rate of eluent samples does not exceed 20%, and the arithmetic mean of the monitoring results of over-standard samples does not exceed the control index
120% of the standard limit.
9.4 Groundwater monitoring for disposal of cyanide slag tailings pond and heap leaching site (including the site for disposal of cyanidation tailings after dumping)
9.4.1 Before the tailing pond and heap leaching yard are put into use, the enterprise should monitor the background value of groundwater.
9.4.2 Tailings ponds and heap leaching yards should be based on the hydrogeological conditions of the proposed site, the characteristics of groundwater replenishment and drainage, and combined with possible pollution
Influence, based on the principle of controlling the change of groundwater quality, rationally arrange groundwater monitoring points, and meet the following requirements.
a) The background well, one eye, is located 30-50m upstream of the downstream water flow of the disposal site;
b) Pollution diffusion wells, two holes, respectively set at 30-50m on both sides of the vertical disposal site's launch direction;
c) Pollution monitoring wells, two wells, are respectively set at 30m and 50m downstream of the disposal site.
9.4.3 The frequency of groundwater monitoring by enterprises shall meet the following requirements.
a) The first year of disposal of cyanide residues using tailings ponds and heap leaching yards (including the site for disposal of cyanide tailings after dumping),
The sampling frequency shall be at least once a month; after the first year, the sampling frequency shall be at least once every quarter;
b) After the storage is closed, the enterprise should continue to monitor the groundwater, and the sampling frequency should be at least once every six months;
c) When an abnormality in the quality of groundwater is found, the enterprise shall increase the frequency of monitoring.
The prescribed emergency plan requires emergency response.
9.4.4 The groundwater monitoring factors are determined by the operating company according to the elements that may pollute the environment in the ore, and the characteristic pollution
The measurement items of dyes include at least. cyanide, copper, lead, zinc, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, chromium (hexavalent), and the analysis method is in accordance with
Implementation of GB/T 14848.Routine measurement items and analysis methods are implemented in accordance with GB/T 14848.
10 Environmental emergency and risk prevention and control
10.1 The enterprise shall conduct environmental risk assessment for the whole process of cyanide residue collection, storage, transportation, decyanation treatment, utilization and disposal.
Estimate and investigate emergency resources, and formulate emergency plans for emergencies. Enterprises that use tailings ponds to dispose of cyanide residues should follow HJ
740 and the "Guidelines for the Preparation of Environmental Emergency Response Plans for Tailings Ponds" are required to prepare emergency response plans for tailings ponds, and to conduct regular training and drills.
10.2 The cyanide workshop and the cyanide residue decyanation treatment workshop should be equipped with emergency pools.
10.3 When using tailings ponds and heap leaching yards to dispose of cyanide residues, they should be installed downstream of the tailings ponds and heap leaching yards where the water flows downstream.
Leachate collection tank and emergency treatment facilities.
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
Cyanide residue decyanation treatment technology
A.1 Ozone oxidation method
A method of using ozone oxidation to remove pollutants such as cyanide contained in wastewater or cyanide tailings slurry.
A.2 Solid-liquid separation washing method
The cyanide tailings pulp squeezing-washing integrated process is adopted, and the washing liquid is purified and recycled.
A.3 Hydrogen peroxide oxidation method
Under alkaline conditions, use hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and copper ion as catalyst to remove cyanide in wastewater or cyanide tailing slurry
Way of things.
A.4 Biological Law
The method of using microorganisms or plants to remove cyanide in wastewater or waste residue.
A.5 Inco method
Also known as the sulfur dioxide-air method, under alkaline conditions, the mixture of sulfur dioxide and air is used as the oxidant and copper ion
It is a catalyst to remove cyanide in wastewater or cyanide tailing slurry.
A.6 Cyanide-reducing precipitation method
The use of chemical agents to react with cyanide in wastewater or cyanide tailings slurry to form a precipitate to remove cyanide from the liquid phase
method.
A.7 Leaching-purification treatment method
A combined technology of decyanation treatment and emergency treatment in the disposal of cyanide residue in the tailings pond.
After the emergency treatment is carried out, the discharge is up to the standard. In the dry season, the cyanide residue is treated with a leaching-purification-leaching cycle process for decyanation.
A.8 Squeeze-wash-negative pressure purification and recovery method
The cyanide tailings pulp squeezing-washing integrated process is adopted, and the washing liquid comes from the negative pressure purification and recovery advanced treatment of the purification of the lean liquid
After washing, the purified liquid is reused in the original production system.
A.9 Acidification recovery method
Under acidic conditions, a method of recovering cyanide in wastewater or cyanide tailings slurry.
A.10 Thiocyanate conversion and recovery method
A method for converting thiocyanate in wastewater or cyanide tailing slurry into cyanide for recovery.
A.11 Three Wastes Synergistic Purification Method
Use the flue gas or oxidizing liquid produced by the pretreatment process of sulfur-containing gold ore or gold concentrate to feed cyanide-containing wastewater or cyanide tailings slurry
Perform decyanation treatment to achieve cyanide residue treatment to meet relevant requirements, waste water recycling, and flue gas discharge methods.
A.12 High temperature hydrolysis method
Under high temperature and high pressure, the cyanide in wastewater or cyanide tailing slurry reacts with water to form ammonia and carbonate, thereby removing
Cyanide method.
A.13 Negative pressure purification and recovery method
Under acidic conditions, the negative pressure stripping process is used to purify the cyanide in the wastewater, and the valuable substances produced are recovered.
The method of reuse of treated wastewater, waste gas and waste residue.
A.14 Chlorine oxidation method
Use chlorine-based oxidants to oxidize and remove cyanide in wastewater or cyanide tailings slurry to decompose it into low-toxic or non-toxic substances
method.
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