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GB/T 39753-2021 English PDF

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GB/T 39753-2021: General technology requirements for photovoltaic (PV) module recycling and recovery
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Basic data

Standard ID GB/T 39753-2021 (GB/T39753-2021)
Description (Translated English) General technology requirements for photovoltaic (PV) module recycling and recovery
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard Z05
Word Count Estimation 14,161
Issuing agency(ies) State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration

GB/T 39753-2021: General technology requirements for photovoltaic (PV) module recycling and recovery


---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
General technology requirements for photovoltaic (PV) module recycling and recovery ICS 13.030.50 Z05 National Standards of People's Republic of China PV module recycling General technical requirements Released on 2021-03-09 2022-02-01 implementation State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration Issued by the National Standardization Management Committee

Table of contents

Foreword Ⅰ 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Basic principles 3 5 Collection, transportation and storage 3 6 Disassembly 3 7 Disposal 4 8 Recycling 5 9 Management 6 Appendix A (informative appendix) PV module classification 7 Appendix B (informative appendix) Recycling rate and recovery purity 9 Reference 11 PV module recycling General technical requirements

1 Scope

This standard specifies the basic principles of photovoltaic module recycling, collection, transportation and storage, dismantling, disposal, recycling and management. This standard applies to the recycling and reuse of photovoltaic modules, including crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, copper indium gallium selenium photovoltaic modules, and silicon-based thin film photovoltaic modules. Recycling of components, cadmium telluride photovoltaic modules, and other photovoltaic modules can be used as reference.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article Pieces. For undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document. GB 8978-1996 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB 12348-2008 Environmental Noise Emission Standard at the Boundary of Industrial Enterprises GB/T 13587-2006 Copper and copper alloy scrap GB/T 16288-2008 Marking of plastic products GB 16297-1996 Comprehensive Emission Standard of Air Pollutants GB 18484-2001 Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Incineration GB 18599-2001 General industrial solid waste storage and disposal site pollution control standards GB/T 21180-2007 Tin and tin alloy scrap GB/T 23685 General technical requirements for recycling of waste electrical and electronic products GB 25466-2010 Pollutant Emission Standard for Lead and Zinc Industry GB 30770-2014 Emission Standard of Pollutants for Tin, Antimony and Mercury Industry GB/T 32812 Limit requirements and determination methods for hazardous substances in metalworking fluids HJ/T 181-2005 Technical Specification for Environmental Protection in the Centralized Dismantling, Utilization and Disposal of Waste Electromechanical Products (Trial) HJ/T 364-2007 Technical Specification for Pollution Control of Waste Plastic Recycling and Recycling (Trial)

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions defined in GB/T 32812 apply to this document. For ease of use, GB/T 32812 is repeatedly listed below Some terms and definitions in. 3.1 WastePVmodule The owner of the photovoltaic module no longer uses the photovoltaic module that has been discarded or abandoned, and the photovoltaic module produced in the process of production, transportation, sales, and use. Unqualified photovoltaic modules, obsolete photovoltaic modules and expired photovoltaic modules. Note. Rewrite GB/T 20861-2007, definition 2.1. 3.2 Hazardous substance Substances that are directly or potentially harmful to humans, other organisms or the ecological environment. Note. Including products and substances used in the product manufacturing process, divided into prohibited substances, restricted substances and controlled substances. [GB/T 32812-2016, definition 3.2] 3.3 Collection colection Activities for gathering, sorting and sorting out waste photovoltaic modules. Note. Rewrite GB/T 23685-2009, definition 3.3. 3.4 Storage In order to achieve the purpose of collection, transportation, treatment and disposal, the activities of temporarily storing waste photovoltaic modules in specific places that meet the requirements. Note. Rewrite GB/T 23685-2009, definition 3.4. 3.5 Disassembly The activities of dismantling and disassembling waste photovoltaic modules manually or mechanically to facilitate disposal. Note. Rewrite GB/T 23685-2009, definition 3.5. 3.6 Reuse The behavior of discarded photovoltaic modules or their parts continuing to be used or used for the original purpose after cleaning and repairing. Note. Rewrite GB/T 23685-2009, definition 3.6. 3.7 Recycling The process of processing waste photovoltaic modules so that they can be reused as raw materials, but does not include energy recovery and utilization. Note. Rewrite GB/T 23685-2009, definition 3.7. 3.8 Recovery The process of disposing of waste photovoltaic modules so that the components in them can meet their original use requirements or used for other purposes, including Including the recovery and utilization of energy. Note. Rewrite GB/T 23685-2009, definition 3.8. 3.9 Recyclingandrecovery Disposal of waste photovoltaic modules, including the process of regeneration and recycling. 3.10 Treatment Decontamination, dismantling, crushing and recycling of waste photovoltaic modules and components. Note. Rewrite GB/T 23685-2009, definition 3.9. 3.11 Disposal Use incineration, landfill or other methods to change the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of waste photovoltaic modules and components to achieve reduction or Eliminate its hazardous activities, or put waste photovoltaic modules and components in a place or facility that meets the requirements of environmental protection regulations activity. Note. Rewrite GB/T 23685-2009, definition 3.10. 3.12 Photovoltaic laminate PVlaminate The battery encapsulation has been completed, and the junction box, lead wire and frame have not been installed. The light is made of two or more layers of the same or different materials. Prefabricated volt assembly. 3.13 Loss of safety performance of photovoltaic modules PVmoduleinpoorsafety PV modules with structural or electrical safety issues.

4 basic principles

4.1 The basic principles of maximizing resource utilization and minimizing environmental pollution should be followed. 4.2 Disposal should be carried out in the order of reuse, recycling and recycling. 4.3 Priority should be given to the reuse of the components in the waste photovoltaic modules in compliance with the requirements of relevant standards before disposal. 4.4 Appropriate measures should be taken in the process of collection, transportation, storage, dismantling, recycling, etc., to prevent sharp parts and discarded photovoltaic modules from falling Injury to personnel, avoid the environmental pollution caused by the parts and materials of waste photovoltaic modules, especially avoid elements such as cadmium, lead, fluorine, etc. The materials cause pollution to the environment and avoid secondary damage and pollution to waste photovoltaic modules. 4.5 The current best available technology and necessary measures shall be adopted for treatment and disposal to ensure that the human body and environmental pollution are in compliance with the treatment and disposal. Relevant standard requirements, and to prevent pollutants from affecting other substances in the treatment process. 4.6 Waste photovoltaic modules should not be directly landfilled or incinerated. 4.7 Waste photovoltaic modules should not be mixed into domestic garbage or industrial solid waste. 4.8 Participants should establish a statistical information management system for discarded photovoltaic modules, save relevant data, and provide relevant information to the competent authority or Information classification of institutions and management systems can be found in Appendix A. 5 Collection, transportation and storage 5.1 General 5.1.1 In the process of collecting, transporting and storing waste photovoltaic modules, avoid exposing the waste photovoltaic modules to the sun to cause fire, leakage, etc. Security risks. 5.1.2 The photovoltaic modules that have lost their safety performance shall be collected, transported and stored separately from other waste photovoltaic modules. 5.2 Collection 5.2.1 During the collection process, complete information statistics should be established, which can be classified in Appendix A. 5.2.2 The collection, packaging and fixing of waste photovoltaic modules should avoid secondary damage and pollution to waste photovoltaic modules. 5.2.3 The collected waste photovoltaic modules should be stored in accordance with the requirements of 5.4. 5.2.4 The collector should deliver the collected waste photovoltaic modules to a qualified organization for disassembly and disposal. 5.3 Transportation 5.3.1 The type and quantity of waste photovoltaic modules should be registered before transportation. 5.3.2 No form of dismantling and disposal of waste photovoltaic modules should be taken without authorization during transportation. 5.4 Storage 5.4.1 The storage site of waste photovoltaic modules should meet the requirements of Chapter 5, Chapter 6, Chapter 7, and Chapter 9 of GB 18599-2001. 5.4.2 All kinds of waste photovoltaic modules should be classified and stored according to Appendix A, and their category names should be marked in a prominent position. 5.4.3 The stacking requirements of discarded photovoltaic modules should be set according to the characteristics of discarded photovoltaic modules to avoid accidents such as collapse and slipping.

6 Disassembly

6.1 Discarded photovoltaic modules should be disassembled in a feasible order to obtain junction boxes, lead wires, frames and photovoltaic laminates. 6.2 The integrity of the photovoltaic laminate shall be ensured when disassembling waste photovoltaic modules. 6.3 All parts and components taken out in advance should not be discarded, and should be handled and disposed of in accordance with Chapter 5 and Chapter 7. 6.4 All the removed parts and materials should be stored in an appropriate place and clearly marked; for hazardous materials that require special safe disposal The quality should be collected and stored according to the characteristics of hazardous waste.

7 Disposal

7.1 General provisions 7.1.1 When using hot melt or other heating methods to dispose of components, flue gas disposal facilities should be provided and air pollutant emissions should comply with The relevant regulations of GB 16297-1996. 7.1.2 When using pyrolysis gasification or incineration methods to dispose of components, air pollution emissions should comply with the provisions of Chapter 5 of GB 18484-2001. 7.1.3 The wastewater generated during the disposal process should be treated, and the discharge of various pollutants should comply with the provisions of Chapter 4 of GB 8978-1996. 7.2 Photovoltaic laminate 7.2.1 The separation of photovoltaic laminates can use heat treatment, acid dissolution, physical separation or a combination of several methods. 7.2.2 To separate the tin-coated copper tape or aluminum tape from the photovoltaic cell, physical or chemical methods can be used. 7.2.3 When performing thermal separation treatment, a treatment system should be set up for the flue gas generated in the heating process to control the content of impurity gases in the flue gas and prevent pollution. The content of the dye should comply with the provisions of Chapter 9 of GB 16297-1996. 7.2.4 The components and materials obtained after the disposal of photovoltaic laminates should be collected separately, set up obvious distinguishing marks, and stored in different areas. 7.3 Glass 7.3.1 If the recovered glass is intact, clean and dry it according to the type of glass, and set it aside. 7.3.2 If the glass is broken, collect the broken glass, break it to the appropriate particle size as required, and remove the impurities doped in the broken glass. Wash and dry the broken glass, and sort and recycle it according to the type of glass. When dealing with glass fragmentation, care should be taken to prevent glass fragments from splashing The impact of injury and dust on human health. 7.4 Adhesive film 7.4.1 The disposal of the peeled film shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 5 of HJ/T 364-2007. 7.4.2 The residue after disposal of the adhesive film should be recycled and reused as needed according to its physical and chemical characteristics. 7.5 Photovoltaic cells 7.5.1 When disposing of photovoltaic cells, there should be no polymer compound residue. According to the degree of damage, it can be divided into silicon powder recycling and whole piece recycling. 7.5.2 The recycling of silicon powder is directly crushed by physical methods, and then metal impurities such as lead, silver, and aluminum are removed by chemical methods. Regulations in Chapter 9 of GB 16297-1996. 7.5.3 The recovery of the entire silicon wafer uses chemical methods to clean, corrode its surface film and other impurities, and enter it for reuse or recycling In the process, the discharged wastewater should meet the requirements of Chapter 4 of GB 8978-1996. 7.5.4 The acid solution method should ensure that there is no leakage of the solution, and the acid gas generated during the reaction should be disposed of. 7.5.5 During the disposal process, protective measures should be set up and should not pollute the environment or endanger human health. 7.6 Tin-coated copper and aluminum tape 7.6.1 The recovery of tin-coated copper or aluminum strips can be physically heated or chemically corroded to remove tin-lead or other solder residues on the surface. Obtain high-purity metallic copper or aluminum. 7.6.2 The content of lead in wastewater should meet the requirements of Chapter 4 of GB 25466-2010. 7.6.3 The content of tin in wastewater should meet the requirements of Chapter 4 of GB 30770-2014. 7.6.4 The separated copper scrap is divided into seven categories according to the physical form and name, and is divided into different groups according to the product type in each type of copper scrap. Different levels are distinguished according to the name of the scrap copper, and the classification standard should comply with the provisions of Chapter 3 of GB/T 13587-2006. 7.6.5 Processed and used tin waste, combined with the sorting information provided by the tin and tin alloy waste purchasing enterprise and the waste processing and disposal requirements, According to the chemical composition, physical form and existence of waste materials, they are classified according to Chapter 3 of GB/T 21180-2007. 7.7 Plastic backplane 7.7.1 Peeling by heating method, the heating temperature of the fluorine-containing backsheet should be less than.200℃. 7.7.2 The disposal of the stripped backplane material shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 5 of HJ/T 364-2007. 7.8 Frames, fasteners 7.8.1 The frame should be mechanically disassembled before other treatments. 7.8.2 Mechanical disassembly and disposal should be carried out in a special place. 7.8.3 Fasteners should be disassembled non-destructively. 7.8.4 Metal components that can be reused directly after disassembly can be cleaned, derusted, polished, edged, etc., and treated as needed. Derusting process The chemical reagents used in the process should be properly recycled and should not be discharged randomly. The discharged waste water should meet the requirements of Chapter 4 of GB 8978-1996. 7.8.5 Metal components that cannot be used directly after disassembly should be melted, extracted, etc., and the solution should not leak during disposal. 7.9 Junction box, lead wire The disposal of junction boxes and lead wires shall comply with the regulations of GB/T 23685.

8 Recycling

8.1 Recycling of semiconductor materials 8.1.1 The recycling of silicon materials generally uses chemical methods to remove front and back electrodes, anti-reflection films, emitters, etc., in order to obtain high-purity recyclables. Silicon material. 8.1.2 The recycling rate of silicon materials should reach 70%. 8.1.3 The recovered silicon powder should not contain heavy metals. It can be re-purified and re-applied to the semiconductor industry, or it can be disposed of by landfill. Should comply with the provisions of Chapter 7 of GB 18599-2001. 8.1.4 The recovered intact and undamaged silicon wafers can be reused. 8.1.5 The recovery purity of selenium should reach 80%, and the regeneration rate should reach 75%. The recovery purity of tellurium should reach 78%, and the regeneration rate should be Reached 70%. 8.2 Recycling of metal materials 8.2.1 The purification of precious metals in the battery can be recycled by the method of solvent corrosion and then reduction. 8.2.2 Refer to Appendix B for the recycling rate and purity requirements of metal materials in waste photovoltaic modules. 8.2.3 The recovery purity of copper or aluminum in tin-coated copper strips and aluminum strips should reach 80%, and the recycling rate of copper or aluminum should reach 75%. 8.2.4 The recycling rate of aluminum frame should reach 80%. 8.2.5 The recycled metal products shall meet the relevant national metal product quality requirements. 8.3 Recycling of glass 8.3.1 After treatment, the complete glass used for photovoltaic modules, and the technical parameters such as light transmittance shall meet the requirements of the corresponding type of glass for photovoltaic modules. It is required to be processed according to the requirements of the glass for photovoltaic modules and directly used in the production of photovoltaic modules. 8.3.2 The recycled waste glass products shall meet the relevant national glass product requirements. 8.4 Recycling of polymer materials 8.4.1 The gas and liquid products produced during the recycling and reuse of polymer materials should be collected and treated in a harmless manner. The waste plastics generated later should be classified and recycled. 8.4.2 Waste plastics containing flame retardants can only be used as raw materials for plastic products containing flame retardants. 8.4.3 The polymer material should meet the relevant product quality standards, and the surface should be marked with a recycling mark, and it should meet the requirements of GB/T 16288-2008. Chapter 5 stipulates. 8.4.4 CFC-based compounds should not be used as foaming agents in the production process of polymer materials, and the production of recycled plastics that come into contact with the human body should not be used. No toxic and harmful chemical additives should be added to products or materials.

9 Management

9.1 The recycling and processing organization shall have a qualification certificate. 9.2 The recycling and processing organization should establish a record system, and the classification information in the record can be found in Appendix A. 9.3 Records of disposal of waste photovoltaic modules, pollutant emission monitoring records and other relevant records of recycling and treatment institutions shall be kept for 3 years Above, and accept the inspection of local relevant departments. 9.4 The recycling and treatment organization shall establish a waste water and waste gas treatment system and regularly monitor the concentration of pollutants in the discharged waste water and waste gas. Disposal should comply with the provisions of Chapter 7 of GB 18599-2001. 9.5 The recycling and treatment organization shall regularly monitor the noise at the plant boundary and comply with the provisions of 4.1 of GB 12348-2008. 9.6 The recycling and processing organization should formulate emergency procedures, have complete protective equipment and measures, and operate in accordance with relevant national duties. Industrial safety and health regulations or standards. 9.7 New operators should conduct pre-job training or operate under the guidance of technical department personnel. 9.8 The recycling and treatment organization should have corresponding environmental protection facilities, including. wastewater treatment, waste gas treatment, dust treatment, and noise reduction devices And meet the relevant national pollutant discharge control standards. 9.9 The recycling and treatment organization shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 of HJ/T 181-2005.

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