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UDC JGJ
INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
P JGJ 7-2010
Filing Number. J 1072-2010
Technical Specification for Space Frame Structures
Issued on July 20, 2010 Implemented on March 1, 2011
Issued by. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s
Republic of China
INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Technical Specification for Space Frame Structures
Approval Department. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's
Republic of China
Implementation Date. March 1, 2011
Beijing, 2010
Table of Contents
1 General Provisions... 8
2 Terms and Symbols... 9
3 Basic Requirements... 15
4 Structural Analysis... 20
5 Design and Details of Members and Joints... 28
6 Fabrication, Erection and Acceptance... 49
Appendix A Types of Space Truss Commonly Used... 62
Appendix B Types of Latticed Shell Commonly Used... 65
Appendix C Equivalent Stiffness of Latticed Shells... 67
Appendix D Simplified Method of Analysis for Composite Space Trusses... 69
Appendix E Formula of Stability Capacity for Latticed Shells... 71
Appendix F Formula of Multidimensional Response Spectrum... 73
Appendix G Simplified Calculation of the Effect due to Vertical Earthquake for Roof
Trusses... 75
Appendix H Coefficient of Forces of Latticed Shells under Horizontal Earthquake... 77
Appendix J Formula of Primary Dimensions of Embedded Hub Joints... 80
Appendix K Material Behavior and Details Requirements of Elastomeric Bearing Pad... 83
Explanation of Wording in This Specification... 87
List of Quoted Standards... 88
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This standard is formulated with a view to implementing the national technical and
economic policies in the design and construction of space frame structure and making the
design to be of advanced technology, safety and usability, economy and rationality and high
quality.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the design and construction of space frame structure
composed of steel members, including space truss, single layer or double-layer latticed shell
and spatial truss.
1.0.3 In the design of space frame structure, the reasonable structure scheme, frame / grid
layout and structure measures shall be selected according to the actual situation and the
comprehensive consideration shall be taken for material supply, processing fabrication and
onsite construction, to ensure better technical and economic effects.
1.0.4 Suspended crane shall not be arranged for single-layer latticed shell structure. Space
truss and double-layer latticed shell structures may directly withstand the suspended crane
load at Level A3 or higher level. In case the cycle times of the stress variation is larger than or
equal to 5×104, the fatigue analysis shall be conducted, and the allowable stress amplitude and
the structure shall be determined by special test.
1.0.5 The design and construction of space frame structure shall comply with the
requirements in the current relevant national standards besides this standard.
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Space grid structure, space frame, space latticed structure
Spatial structure formed of member and member bar arranged in a certain rule by joint
connection, including space truss, curved latticed shell and spatial truss
2.1.2 Space truss, space grid
Flat plate type or slight curved spatial trussing structure formed of member bars arranged
in a certain rule by joint connection, mainly bearing the integral bending internal force
2.1.3 Intersecting lattice truss system
System formed of two-way or three-way intersecting lattice trusses
2.1.4 Square pyramid system
System formed of square pyramids as basic unit
2.1.5 Triangular pyramid system
System formed of triangular pyramids as basic unit
2.1.6 Composite space truss
Flat lattice truss structure formed by reinforced concrete slab as upper chord member and
steel web member and bottom chord bar
2.1.7 Latticed shell, reticulated shell
Curved spatial trussing structure or beam structure formed of member bars arranged in a
certain rule by joint connection, mainly bearing the integral thin film internal force
2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Action, action effect and response
2.2.3 Geometric parameter and sectional characteristic
3 Basic Requirements
3.1 Structure Types
3.1.1 The grid (frame) structure may adopt double-layer or multi-layer type; the latticed
shell structure may adopt single layer, double-layer type, or partial double-layer type.
3.1.5 The double-layer latticed shell may adopt two-way or three-way intersected lattice
truss system, square pyramid system or triangular pyramid system, and the upper and lower
chord lattices may be arranged by the mode specified in Article 3.1.4 in this standard.
3.1.6 The spatial truss may adopt straight line or curved type.
3.2 General Design Requirements for Space Trusses
3.2.1 As for periphery support space truss with rectangular plan form, where the side ratio
hereof (the ratio of the longer side and the shorter side) is less than or equal to 1.5, normally
placed square pyramid space truss, diagonal square pyramid space truss, checkerboard-type
square pyramid space truss, normally placed square pyramid space truss with openings,
two-way orthogonal diagonal space truss or two-way orthogonal spatial space truss should be
adopted; where the side ratio is larger than 1.5, two-way orthogonal spatial space truss,
normally placed square pyramid space truss or normally placed square pyramid space truss
with openings should be adopted.
3.2.6 Upper chord or lower chord support may be adopted for space truss; lower chord
support, if used, shall form side lattice truss on the support side.
3.2.7 If two-way orthogonal normally placed space truss is adopted, closed horizontal
support shall be arranged along the periphery lattices of the space truss.
3.3 General Design Requirements for Latticed Shells
3.3.1 The design of the spherical latticed shell structure should meet the following
requirements.
3.3.4 The design of the elliptic paraboloid latticed shell structure should meet the following
requirements.
3.4 General Design Requirements for Spatial Trusses, Arches and Beam String
Structures
3.4.1 The height of the spatial truss may be 1/12 ~ 1/16 of the span.
3.5 Allowable Deflection
3.5.1 The maximum deflection value of the space frame structure under the action of
constant load and live load should not exceed the allowable deflection values listed in Table
3.5.1.
3.5.2 The space frame and the spatial truss may be arched in advance, and the arching value
may be less than or equal to 1/300 the transverse span. Only for the appearance improvement,
the maximum deflection may be the deflection under the action of the standard values of
constant load and live load deducted by the arching value.
4 Structural Analysis
4.1 General Principles of Analysis
4.1.1 For space frame structure, the analysis on displacement and internal force un gravity
load and wind load shall be conducted; according to specific conditions, the analysis on
displacement and internal force under seismic load, temperature variation, support depression
and construction & installation load shall be also taken out. The analysis may be done
according to the theory of elasticity; in the integral stability analysis for latticed shell structure,
the nonlinear impact hereof shall be considered.
4.1.4 In the analysis of grid structure and double-layer latticed shell structure, it is
assumable that the joint is hinge one and the member bar only bears the axial force; when
the ratio of the member bar inter-joint length and the section height (or diameter) is not less
than 12 (main pipe) and 24 (branch pipe), it may also assumable in the analysis of spatial
bracing frame pipe that the joint is hinge one; in the analysis of single-layer latticed shell, it
shall be assumable that the joint is rigid one, and the member bar bears the axial force as well
as bending moment, torsion moment and shear force.
4.1.8 When the support conditions of the space frame structure are different at construction
& installation stage and the operation stage, the structure displacement and internal force
under corresponding load at different stages shall be analyzed respectively according to
different support conditions.
4.1.9 The calculation / analysis with finite element method or serialization
assumption-based method may be adopted according to the factors like type, plan form and
load type of space frame structure, and different design stages. The application scope and
conditions of the method shall meet the following requirements.
4.2.2 The sectional plane design for the member bar shall be conducted after the
displacement and internal force analysis for the space frame structure. If the sectional plane
needs be adjusted, the analysis shall be conducted again to make it satisfy the design
requirements. After the space frame structure design, the member bars should not be replaced,
otherwise, the replacement shall be conducted on the principle "sectional plane and stiffness
equivalent".
4.2.7 The spatial grid structure with periphery support and rectangular plane formed of
plane trussing and pyramidal body may be simplified as orthogonal heterotypic or isotropic
flat plate, and the displacement internal force analysis for it may be conducted with planned
sandwich plate method.
4.2.10 The calculation for composite space truss structure may also be simplified with space
trussing finite element method. in the analyses, the ribbed flat plate for the composite space
truss may be equal-substituted as an upper chord that can only bear the axial force and form
the equal-substitute space truss (made of two different materials) with web member and lower
chord, and the displacement and internal force analysis is conducted with space trussing finite
element method. The sectional plane of the equal-substituted upper chord and the internal
force on the ribbed flat plate may be determined according to the requirements of Appendix D
in this standard.
4.3 Stability Analysis of Latticed Shells
4.3.1 The stability analysis shall be conducted for single-layer latticed shell and
double-layer latticed shell with the thickness less than 1/50 the span.
4.4 Calculation due to Earthquake
4.4.1 The seismic checking of the roof trusses shall meet the following requirements.
4.4.8 In the space frame structure seismic effect analyses with mode-decomposition
response spectrum method, at least first 10 ~15 vibration modes should be adopted for the
spatial grid structure; for latticed shell structure, at least first 25~30 vibration modes should
be adopted for effect combining; more vibration modes shall be adopted for wide span space
frame structure with complex body type or of importance for effect combining.
4.4.13 The horizontal earthquake action effect of single layer spherical latticed shell
structure, single layer hyperbolic paraboloid latticed shell structure and normally placed
square pyramid double-layer cylindrical latticed shell structure may be analyzed in the
simplified means according to the Appendix H in this standard.
5 Design and Details of Members and Joints
5.1 Members
5.1.1 Common steel section or hollow steel section may be adopted for members of space
frame. High-frequency welded pipes or seamless steel pipes should be adopted as pipe
materials.
5.1.2 When the slenderness ratio of members is determined, their calculated length shall be
adopted according to Table 5.1.2.
5.2 Welded Hollow Spherical Joints
5.2.1 Hollow sphere welded by two half spheres may adopt non-ribbed hollow spheres
(Figure 5.2.1-1) and ribbed hollow spheres (Figure 5.2.1-2) respectively according to the size
of load carrying. Steels of hollow sphere should adopt Q2358 steel specified by the current
national standard "Carbon Structural Steels" GB/T 700 or Q3458 and Q 345C steel specified
by "High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steels" GB/T 1591.Product quality shall meet the
requirements of the current professional standard "Welded Hollow Spherical Node of Space
Grid Structures" JG/T 11.
5.2.5 Design of welded hollow sphere and connection between steel pipe member and
hollow sphere shall meet the following detailing requirements.
5.3 Bolted Spherical Joints
5.3.1 Bolted spherical joints (Figure 5.3.1) shall be composed of steel balls, high strength
bolts, sleeves, tightening screws, coneheads or closing plates. They may be used to the
circular steel pipe members that connect such space frames as space truss and double-layer
latticed shell.
5.9.4 Supporting joints of common tension may be selected according to the following
structural forms.
6 Fabrication, Erection and Acceptance
6.1 General Requirements
6.1.1 The type, specification and property of steels shall meet the national current product
standard and the design requirement, as well as be possessed of quality certificates. Sampling
and re-inspection of steels shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code
for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures" GB 50205.
6.1.7 After installation methods are determined, reaction of each hoisting point, vertical
displacement, internal force of members, stability of support column during lifting-up or
jacking-up, as well as horizontal thrust of space frame under wind load shall be checked and
calculated respectively for space frame, if necessary, temporary strengthening measures shall
be adopted.
6.2 Requirements for Fabrication and Assembly
6.2.1 Members and joints of space frame shall be fabricated and assembled on special
equipment or models to ensure precision and interchangeability of assembly unit.
6.2.3 Members of space frame shall not be prolonged for more than once; total number of
prolonged members shall not be greater than 10% of total members; prolonged members shall
not be arranged intensively. Minimum distance from butt welds of members to joints or
terminals shall not be less than 500mm.
6.2.8 As for space frame by strip or block, when unit length is not greater than 20m,
allowable deviation of assembling side length shall be ±10mm; when unit length is greater
than 20m, allowable deviation of assembling side length shall be ± 20mm. Total assembling
in the air shall be possessed of measures that ensure precision.
6.3 Assembly Elements in the Air
6.3.1 When assembly with small-assembled units or members is directly carried out in the
air, its sequence shall be able to ensure the assembly precision and reduce cumulative error.
During overhang construction, they shall be assembled to the geometrically-constant
structural system that can bear deadweight and then extended gradually. A small amount of
support may be installed to reduce the vertical displacement of structures during assembling
extending. During the assembly process of space frame, the control point space coordinate
shall be measured at any time, and adjusted timely to the design value to avoid gradual
accumulation of assembly deviation.
JGJ 7-2010
UDC JGJ
INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
P JGJ 7-2010
Filing Number. J 1072-2010
Technical Specification for Space Frame Structures
Issued on July 20, 2010 Implemented on March 1, 2011
Issued by. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s
Republic of China
INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Technical Specification for Space Frame Structures
Approval Department. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's
Republic of China
Implementation Date. March 1, 2011
Beijing, 2010
Table of Contents
1 General Provisions... 8
2 Terms and Symbols... 9
3 Basic Requirements... 15
4 Structural Analysis... 20
5 Design and Details of Members and Joints... 28
6 Fabrication, Erection and Acceptance... 49
Appendix A Types of Space Truss Commonly Used... 62
Appendix B Types of Latticed Shell Commonly Used... 65
Appendix C Equivalent Stiffness of Latticed Shells... 67
Appendix D Simplified Method of Analysis for Composite Space Trusses... 69
Appendix E Formula of Stability Capacity for Latticed Shells... 71
Appendix F Formula of Multidimensional Response Spectrum... 73
Appendix G Simplified Calculation of the Effect due to Vertical Earthquake for Roof
Trusses... 75
Appendix H Coefficient of Forces of Latticed Shells under Horizontal Earthquake... 77
Appendix J Formula of Primary Dimensions of Embedded Hub Joints... 80
Appendix K Material Behavior and Details Requirements of Elastomeric Bearing Pad... 83
Explanation of Wording in This Specification... 87
List of Quoted Standards... 88
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This standard is formulated with a view to implementing the national technical and
economic policies in the design and construction of space frame structure and making the
design to be of advanced technology, safety and usability, economy and rationality and high
quality.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the design and construction of space frame structure
composed of steel members, including space truss, single layer or double-layer latticed shell
and spatial truss.
1.0.3 In the design of space frame structure, the reasonable structure scheme, frame / grid
layout and structure measures shall be selected according to the actual situation and the
comprehensive consideration shall be taken for material supply, processing fabrication and
onsite construction, to ensure better technical and economic effects.
1.0.4 Suspended crane shall not be arranged for single-layer latticed shell structure. Space
truss and double-layer latticed shell structures may directly withstand the suspended crane
load at Level A3 or higher level. In case the cycle times of the stress variation is larger than or
equal to 5×104, the fatigue analysis shall be conducted, and the allowable stress amplitude and
the structure shall be determined by special test.
1.0.5 The design and construction of space frame structure shall comply with the
requirements in the current relevant national standards besides this standard.
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Space grid structure, space frame, space latticed structure
Spatial structure formed of member and member bar arranged in a certain rule by joint
connection, including space truss, curved latticed shell and spatial truss
2.1.2 Space truss, space grid
Flat plate type or slight curved spatial trussing structure formed of member bars arranged
in a certain rule by joint connection, mainly bearing the integral bending internal force
2.1.3 Intersecting lattice truss system
System formed of two-way or three-way intersecting lattice trusses
2.1.4 Square pyramid system
System formed of square pyramids as basic unit
2.1.5 Triangular pyramid system
System formed of triangular pyramids as basic unit
2.1.6 Composite space truss
Flat lattice truss structure formed by reinforced concrete slab as upper chord member and
steel web member and bottom chord bar
2.1.7 Latticed shell, reticulated shell
Curved spatial trussing structure or beam structure formed of member bars arranged in a
certain rule by joint connection, mainly bearing the integral thin film internal force
2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Action, action effect and response
2.2.3 Geometric parameter and sectional characteristic
3 Basic Requirements
3.1 Structure Types
3.1.1 The grid (frame) structure may adopt double-layer or multi-layer type; the latticed
shell structure may adopt single layer, double-layer type, or partial double-layer type.
3.1.5 The double-layer latticed shell may adopt two-way or three-way intersected lattice
truss system, square pyramid system or triangular pyramid system, and the upper and lower
chord lattices may be arranged by the mode specified in Article 3.1.4 in this standard.
3.1.6 The spatial truss may adopt straight line or curved type.
3.2 General Design Requirements for Space Trusses
3.2.1 As for periphery support space truss with rectangular plan form, where the side ratio
hereof (the ratio of the longer side and the shorter side) is less than or equal to 1.5, normally
placed square pyramid space truss, diagonal square pyramid space truss, checkerboard-type
square pyramid space truss, normally placed square pyramid space truss with openings,
two-way orthogonal diagonal space truss or two-way orthogonal spatial space truss should be
adopted; where the side ratio is larger than 1.5, two-way orthogonal spatial space truss,
normally placed square pyramid space truss or normally placed square pyramid space truss
with openings should be adopted.
3.2.6 Upper chord or lower chord support may be adopted for space truss; lower chord
support, if used, shall form side lattice truss on the support side.
3.2.7 If two-way orthogonal normally placed space truss is adopted, closed horizontal
support shall be arranged along the periphery lattices of the space truss.
3.3 General Design Requirements for Latticed Shells
3.3.1 The design of the spherical latticed shell structure should meet the following
requirements.
3.3.4 The design of the elliptic paraboloid latticed shell structure should meet the following
requirements.
3.4 General Design Requirements for Spatial Trusses, Arches and Beam String
Structures
3.4.1 The height of the spatial truss may be 1/12 ~ 1/16 of the span.
3.5 Allowable Deflection
3.5.1 The maximum deflection value of the space frame structure under the action of
constant load and live load should not exceed the allowable deflection values listed in Table
3.5.1.
3.5.2 The space frame and the spatial truss may be arched in advance, and the arching value
may be less than or equal to 1/300 the transverse span. Only for the appearance improvement,
the maximum deflection may be the deflection under the action of the standard values of
constant load and live load deducted by the arching value.
4 Structural Analysis
4.1 General Principles of Analysis
4.1.1 For space frame structure, the analysis on displacement and internal force un gravity
load and wind load shall be conducted; according to specific conditions, the analysis on
displacement and internal force under seismic load, temperature variation, support depression
and construction & installation load shall be also taken out. The analysis may be done
according to the theory of elasticity; in the integral stability analysis for latticed shell structure,
the nonlinear impact hereof shall be considered.
4.1.4 In the analysis of grid structure and double-layer latticed shell structure, it is
assumable that the joint is hinge one and the member bar only bears the axial force; when
the ratio of the member bar inter-joint length and the section height (or diameter) is not less
than 12 (main pipe) and 24 (branch pipe), it may also assumable in the analysis of spatial
bracing frame pipe that the joint is hinge one; in the analysis of single-layer latticed shell, it
shall be assumable that the joint is rigid one, and the member bar bears the axial force as well
as bending moment, torsion moment and shear force.
4.1.8 When the support conditions of the space frame structure are different at construction
& installation stage and the operation stage, the structure displacement and internal force
under corresponding load at different stages shall be analyzed respectively according to
different support conditions.
4.1.9 The calculation / analysis with finite element method or serialization
assumption-based method may be adopted according to the factors like type, plan form and
load type of space frame structure, and different design stages. The application scope and
conditions of the method shall meet the following requirements.
4.2.2 The sectional plane design for the member bar shall be conducted after the
displacement and internal force analysis for the space frame structure. If the sectional plane
needs be adjusted, the analysis shall be conducted again to make it satisfy the design
requirements. After the space frame structure design, the member bars should not be replaced,
otherwise, the replacement shall be conducted on the principle "sectional plane and stiffness
equivalent".
4.2.7 The spatial grid structure with periphery support and rectangular plane formed of
plane trussing and pyramidal body may be simplified as orthogonal heterotypic or isotropic
flat plate, and the displacement internal force analysis for it may be conducted with planned
sandwich plate method.
4.2.10 The calculation for composite space truss structure may also be simplified with space
trussing finite element method. in the analyses, the ribbed flat plate for the composite space
truss may be equal-substituted as an upper chord that can only bear the axial force and form
the equal-substitute space truss (made of two different materials) with web member and lower
chord, and the displacement and internal force analysis is conducted with space trussing finite
element method. The sectional plane of the equal-substituted upper chord and the internal
force on the ribbed flat plate may be determined according to the requirements of Appendix D
in this standard.
4.3 Stability Analysis of Latticed Shells
4.3.1 The stability analysis shall be conducted for single-layer latticed shell and
double-layer latticed shell with the thickness less than 1/50 the span.
4.4 Calculation due to Earthquake
4.4.1 The seismic checking of the roof trusses shall meet the following requirements.
4.4.8 In the space frame structure seismic effect analyses with mode-decomposition
response spectrum method, at least first 10 ~15 vibration modes should be adopted for the
spatial grid structure; for latticed shell structure, at least first 25~30 vibration modes should
be adopted for effect combining; more vibration modes shall be adopted for wide span space
frame structure with complex body type or of importance for effect combining.
4.4.13 The horizontal earthquake action effect of single layer spherical latticed shell
structure, single layer hyperbolic paraboloid latticed shell structure and normally placed
square pyramid double-layer cylindrical latticed shell structure may be analyzed in the
simplified means according to the Appendix H in this standard.
5 Design and Details of Members and Joints
5.1 Members
5.1.1 Common steel section or hollow steel section may be adopted for members of space
frame. High-frequency welded pipes or seamless steel pipes should be adopted as pipe
materials.
5.1.2 When the slenderness ratio of members is determined, their calculated length shall be
adopted according to Table 5.1.2.
5.2 Welded Hollow Spherical Joints
5.2.1 Hollow sphere welded by two half spheres may adopt non-ribbed hollow spheres
(Figure 5.2.1-1) and ribbed hollow spheres (Figure 5.2.1-2) respectively according to the size
of load carrying. Steels of hollow sphere should adopt Q2358 steel specified by the current
national standard "Carbon Structural Steels" GB/T 700 or Q3458 and Q 345C steel specified
by "High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steels" GB/T 1591.Product quality shall meet the
requirements of the current professional standard "Welded Hollow Spherical Node of Space
Grid Structures" JG/T 11.
5.2.5 Design of welded hollow sphere and connection between steel pipe member and
hollow sphere shall meet the following detailing requirements.
5.3 Bolted Spherical Joints
5.3.1 Bolted spherical joints (Figure 5.3.1) shall be composed of steel balls, high strength
bolts, sleeves, tightening screws, coneheads or closing plates. They may be used to the
circular steel pipe members that connect such space frames as space truss and double-layer
latticed shell.
5.9.4 Supporting joints of common tension may be selected according to the following
structural forms.
6 Fabrication, Erection and Acceptance
6.1 General Requirements
6.1.1 The type, specification and property of steels shall meet the national current product
standard and the design requirement, as well as be possessed of quality certificates. Sampling
and re-inspection of steels shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code
for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures" GB 50205.
6.1.7 After installation methods are determined, reaction of each hoisting point, vertical
displacement, internal force of members, stability of support column during lifting-up or
jacking-up, as well as horizontal thrust of space frame under wind load shall be checked and
calculated respectively for space frame, if necessary, temporary strengthening measures shall
be adopted.
6.2 Requirements for Fabrication and Assembly
6.2.1 Members and joints of space frame shall be fabricated and assembled on special
equipment or models to ensure precision and interchangeability of assembly unit.
6.2.3 Members of space frame shall not be prolonged for more than once; total number of
prolonged members shall not be greater than 10% of total members; prolonged members shall
not be arranged intensively. Minimum distance from butt welds of members to joints or
terminals shall not be less than 500mm.
6.2.8 As for space frame by strip or block, when unit length is not greater than 20m,
allowable deviation of assembling side length shall be ±10mm; when unit length is greater
than 20m, allowable deviation o......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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Step 9: Optional -- Click Open/Download PDF to download PDFs and invoice.
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