GB/T 45324-2025 PDF English
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Determination of powder resistivity for cathode materials of lithium ion battery
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GB/T 45324-2025: Determination of powder resistivity for cathode materials of lithium ion battery---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT45324-2025
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.160
CCS H 21
Determination of Powder Resistivity for Cathode Materials
of Lithium Ion Battery
Issued on: FEBRUARY 28, 2025
Implemented on: SEPTEMBER 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative References... 4
3 Terms and Definitions... 4
4 Principle... 5
5 Reagents and Materials... 7
6 Instrument and Equipment... 7
7 Test Materials... 10
8 Test Conditions... 10
9 Test Procedures... 10
10 Test Data Processing... 11
11 Precision... 11
12 Test Report... 12
Bibliography... 13
Foreword
This Document was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for
Standardization – Part 1.Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents.
Please note some contents of this Document may involve patents. The issuing agency of this
Document shall not assume the responsibility to identify these patents.
This Document was proposed by China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.
This Document shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Nonferrous
Metals of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 243).
Drafting organizations of this Document. XTC New Energy Materials (Xiamen) Co., Ltd.;
Initial Energy Science & Technology (Xiamen) Co., Ltd.; Shenzhen Dynanonic Co., Ltd.;
Shenzhen Wanrun Mining Co., Ltd.; Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited;
Zhejiang B&M Science and Technology Co., Ltd.; BASF Shanshan Battery Materials Co., Ltd.;
Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd.; Tianjin Gouan Mengguli New Materials
Science & Technology Co., Ltd.; Fuan Qingmei Energy Material Co., Ltd.; Shenzhen Ori
Technology Co., Ltd.; Sichuan SEVCLAB Technology Co., Ltd.; Amperex Technology
Limited; GEM (Wuxi) Energy Material Co., Ltd.; CNGR Advanced Material Co., Ltd.; Zijin
Mining Group Co., Ltd.; Henan Kelong Electrical Materials Co., Ltd.; Qingdao Black Cat New
Materails Research Institute Co., Ltd.; Guangdong Jinsheng New Energy Co., Ltd.; Qingdao
Qianyun High-Tech New Material Company Limited; and Shenzhen Sanya Technology Co.,
Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Document. Zeng Leiying, Wei Guozhen, Wei Liying, Yang Fan, Pan
Jin, Qi Qiongqiong, Yang Xiaolu, Jin Qingqing, Chen Xiaoxue, Luo Dongsheng, Wei Jianjun,
Chen Shuang, Yu Haijun, Li Qiang, Lei Jie, Ge Le, Sun Ping, Zheng Huangshun, Chen Yujun,
Tan Shirong, Chen Zhuhai, Cheng Di, Shao Guangpu, Wu Rufeng, Sun Qi, and Liang Xinyou.
Determination of Powder Resistivity for Cathode Materials
of Lithium Ion Battery
1 Scope
This Document describes the method of measuring the powder resistivity for cathode materials
of lithium-ion battery using the four-probe method and the two-probe method.
This Document is applicable to the determination of the powder resistivity for cathode materials
of lithium-ion battery.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgement of
limiting values
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Resistivity; ρ
The ratio of the current electric field intensity inside the material to the steady-state current
density, that is, the volume resistance per unit volume.
[RESOURCE. GB/T 40007-2021, 3.2]
3.2 Four probe method
The method that, during the powder materials are pre-pressed and measured with a four-probe
resistivity meter, due to continuous pressure or constant pressure, the compaction density of the
sample to be tested changes continuously or remains static, measures the resistivity of the
sample to be tested at different or the same compaction density.
[SOURCE. GB/T 40007-2021, 3.3, modified]
6.2.3 An integrated automatic test data acquisition system is selected. The system includes
modules such as automatic pressurization, testing, data acquisition and calculation, which can
realize automatic data output.
7 Test Materials
The test materials shall be vacuum packed without obvious agglomeration, aggregation and
moisture absorption. The test shall be completed within 2 hours after unpacking the bag.
8 Test Conditions
During the test process, the temperature and humidity of the environment shall be kept stable.
Thereof, the temperature should be 25℃±5℃, and the humidity fluctuation shall not exceed
±5%. If the test material is sensitive to humidity, the test can be carried out in an environment
with a humidity of no more than 10%.
9 Test Procedures
9.1 Instrument preparation
9.1.1 Clean the mold cavity and test system accessories with dust-free paper moistened with
anhydrous ethanol (5.1). The cleaning shall be thorough, and there shall be no visible stains on
the dust-free paper after wiping.
9.1.2 Before testing, visually inspect the mold cavity and test system accessories to ensure that
there are no visible scratches or pits. Ensure that the gasket can smoothly enter the cavity and
there is no obvious overflow during the test.
9.2 Parameter setting
For single-point or multi-point testing, see Table 1 for parameter setting and save the test
parameters.
9.3 Parallel test
Perform three tests in parallel and take the average value.
9.4 Determination
9.4.1 Before testing, turn on the equipment and perform thickness zeroing or baseline
verification, or perform the test in the recommended manner.
9.4.2 See Table 1.Weigh a certain mass of the test material with an electronic balance (6.1).
Place the gasket, test material, and upper pressure column/disc into the inner cavity of the test
material mold in sequence. The test material shall be evenly distributed in the mold. Place the
mold together with the lower pressure column/disc into the pressurization system; or perform
the test in the manner recommended by the instrument.
9.4.3 Pressurize to the pressure intensity to be tested and dwell for a certain time as shown in
Table 1.
9.4.4 Apply current to the material and read the voltage between the two terminals (two-probe
method) or two probes (four-probe method), or perform the test in accordance with the
operating instructions.
10 Test Data Processing
10.1 If an integrated automatic test data acquisition system is used, the powder resistivity data
can be directly read.
10.2 If a non-integrated test system is used, the powder resistivity is calculated according to
Formula (1), Formula (2) or Formula (3) depending on different test methods.
10.3 The calculation result is expressed to two digits after the decimal point; and the numerical
rounding is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 8170.
11 Precision
The relative standard deviation of the three independent test results obtained under repeatability
conditions shall be no greater than the provisions of Table 2.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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