GB/T 45147-2024 PDF English
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Road vehicles - Test of vehicle air braking systems with a permissible mass of over 3.5t - Acquisition and use of reference values using a roller brake tester
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GB/T 45147-2024: Road vehicles - Test of vehicle air braking systems with a permissible mass of over 3.5t - Acquisition and use of reference values using a roller brake tester
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.40
CCS T 24
Road vehicles -- Test of vehicle air braking systems with a
permissible mass of over3.5 t -- Acquisition and use of
reference values using a roller brake tester
(ISO 21995.2008, MOD)
Issued on: DECEMBER 31, 2024
Implemented on: JULY 01, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Symbols... 6
5 Acquisition methods for reference values... 7
6 Test on a roller brake tester using reference values... 10
7 Data acquisition and distribution for vehicle manufacturers... 10
8 Results and evaluation documents... 11
Annex A (informative) Comparison on structure numbers between this document and
ISO 21995.2008... 12
Annex B (informative) Reference examples... 13
Bibliography... 17
Foreword
This document was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020
"Directives for standardization - Part 1.Rules for the structure and drafting of
standardizing documents".
The modification of this document adopts ISO 21995.2008 "Road vehicles -- Test of
vehicle air braking systems with a permissible mass of over 3.5 t -- Acquisition and use
of reference values using a roller brake".
Compared with ISO 21995.2008, this document has more structural adjustments. See
Annex A for a comparison of the structural number changes between the two documents.
The technical differences between this document and ISO 21995.2008 and their reasons
are as follows.
- The terms "brake system", "brake", "braking force", "total braking force", "braking
force distribution ratio", "brake start pressure", "maximum chamber working
pressure" and their definitions have been deleted. The normative reference GB/T
5620 (see Chapter 3) has been added to adapt to Chinese technical requirements;
- ECER13 has been replaced with the normative reference GB 12676-2014 (see 5.2,
Chapter 7) to adapt to Chinese technical requirements;
- The requirement for the minimum braking deceleration of road vehicles has been
changed (see 5.3) to adapt to Chinese regulatory requirements;
- The content of formula (3) has been changed (see 5.5) because the original formula
is ambiguous.
The following editorial changes were made to this document.
- Changed the pressure unit bar in ISO 21995.2008 to kPa throughout the document;
- Added Annex A (informative) "Comparison on structure numbers between this
document and ISO 21995.2008".
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
the subject of patent rights. The issuing authority shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document was proposed by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of
the People's Republic of China.
This document shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on
Automobiles of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 114).
Road vehicles -- Test of vehicle air braking systems with a
permissible mass of over3.5 t -- Acquisition and use of
reference values using a roller brake tester
1 Scope
This document describes a method that uses a roller brake tester to acquire and use
vehicle reference values.
This document applies to the testing of air brake systems for road vehicles with a total
mass greater than 3.5 t and equipped with air brake systems.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 5620, Road vehicles -- Vocabulary and definition for braking of automotive
vehicles and their trailers
GB 12676-2014, Road vehicle -- Braking systems -- Structure, performance and test
methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 5620 as
well as the followings apply.
3.1 reference braking forces
Braking force on the tyre rim for different brake chamber pressures on a single axle on
a roller brake test bench.
3.2 total normal force
The sum of the forces acting perpendicular to the vehicle's support surface on all wheels
of the vehicle when stationary.
3.3 roller brake tester
A testing device consisting of two pairs of power rollers used to evaluate the braking
performance of a vehicle.
4 Symbols
The following symbols apply to this document.
Ff. Total braking force at maximum total mass.
Ff, min. Total braking force required to achieve the required minimum braking intensity.
FNi. Braking force of the i-th axle at brake chamber pressure p N and at the required
minimum braking intensity.
FRi. Braking force of the i-th axle at brake chamber pressure p Ri.
∑FRi. Sum of the braking forces of all axles.
FRiPTI. Reference braking force of the i-th axle (at the corresponding brake chamber
pressure) when the reference braking force meets the requirements of the periodic
technical inspection of motor vehicles (hereinafter referred to as "PTI").
FRiPTI,front. Reference braking force of the i-th front axle when the reference braking
force meets the PTI requirement (at the corresponding brake chamber pressure).
FRiPTI,rear. Reference braking force of the i-th rear axle when the reference braking force
meets the PTI requirement (at the corresponding brake chamber pressure).
Gs. Total normal force corresponding to the maximum total mass of the vehicle.
pRi. Brake chamber pressure of the i-th axle.
pRiPTI. Brake chamber pressure of the i-th axle when the PTI requirement is met.
z. Braking intensity.
zmin. Minimum braking intensity to be achieved under the corresponding total normal
force when performing a PTI check.
FR1.Braking force provided by the vehicle manufacturer for the first point used to
calculate the reference braking force, corresponding to the brake chamber pressure pR1.
pR1.Brake chamber pressure provided by the vehicle manufacturer for the first point
used to calculate the reference braking force, corresponding to the braking force FR1.
FR2.Braking force at the second point provided by the vehicle manufacturer for
calculating the reference braking force, corresponding to the brake chamber pressure
PR2.
PR2.Brake chamber pressure at the second point provided by the vehicle manufacturer
for calculating the reference braking force, corresponding to the braking force FR2.
xRi. Braking start pressure of the i-th axis calculated based on the reference braking
force provided by the vehicle manufacturer.
5 Acquisition methods for reference values
5.1 During the test, the vehicle model with the most unfavorable conditions is generally
selected for testing to cover other vehicle models. That is, the certification certificate
includes an extended vehicle model with the same braking system as the test vehicle.
For example, in the Type 0 test, although the braking deceleration of a vehicle equipped
with an electronic braking system (EBS) and disc brakes can generally reach 6.0 m/s2,
the minimum requirement is 5.0 m/s2.
5.2 Braking force distribution includes static braking force distribution and dynamic
braking force distribution. Static braking force distribution is related to the size of the
brakes on different axles (for example, the diameter of the brake drum and the brake
chamber). Theoretically, it is a constant value (without considering the change in the
friction coefficient of the brake shoe). As can be seen from the "Braking force-brake
chamber pressure curve" in Figure 1, the slope of the curve is different for different
axles. Dynamic braking force distribution is related to the distribution of brake pressure
during braking. Braking pressure distribution is related to a variety of influencing
factors (for example, deceleration value and load value). This can be seen from the
upper limit value of the axle "Braking force-brake chamber pressure curve". In the
"Braking force-brake chamber pressure curve", the slope of the curve is the same for
vehicles with the same braking system. However, in the Type 0 test, the maximum
pressure of the brake chamber of vehicles equipped with the same braking system may
be different. Therefore, the vehicle manufacturer shall provide the reference braking
force covering the Type 0 test pressure range required by 4.1.4.6 of GB 12676-2014.
5.3 In PTI, the brake test is to confirm the minimum braking deceleration achieved at
the maximum static gross mass of the vehicle.
NOTE. In 7.10.2.2 of GB 7258-2017, it is stipulated to reach 5.0 m/s2.
The calculation of the total braking force required to achieve the required minimum
braking intensity is shown in formula (1).
Since a series of single-axis tests are carried out on the roller brake tester, the total
braking force in formula (1) shall be obtained by summing the braking forces of each
axis.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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