GB/T 20042.5-2024 PDF English
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GB/T 20042.5-2024: Proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Part 5: Test method for membrane electrode assembly
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.070
CCS K 82
Replacing GB/T 20042.5-2009
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Part 5.Test method
for membrane electrode assembly
Issued on. DECEMBER 31, 2024
Implemented on. JULY 01, 2025
Issued by. Status Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 6
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative references... 7
3 Terms and definitions... 8
4 General provisions... 9
5 Thickness test... 10
6 Platinum group metal loading test... 12
7 Polarization curve test... 14
8 Hydrogen permeation current density test and insulation resistance test... 20
9 Electrochemical active surface area test... 22
10 Cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity test... 25
11 Ohm polarization test... 28
12 Membrane electrode aging test... 31
13 Anode hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) polarization test... 38
14 Membrane electrode anode anti-voltage reversal test... 40
15 Gas impurity tolerance test... 43
16 Membrane electrode durability test... 45
Appendix A (Informative) Test device for proton exchange membrane fuel cell... 48
Appendix B (Informative) Assembly position relationship of single cell components
... 49
Appendix C (Informative) Flow field plate... 50
Appendix D (Informative) Reference operating conditions for polarization curves of
membrane electrode cells... 52
Appendix E (Informative) Dynamic operating conditions for membrane electrode
durability evaluation... 53
References... 67
1 Scope
This document describes the methods for the thickness uniformity test, platinum group
metal loading test, polarization curve test, hydrogen permeation current density test and
insulation resistance test, electrochemical active surface area test, oxygen reduction
reaction activity test, ohmic polarization test, membrane electrode sub-item aging test,
anode hydrogen oxidation reaction polarization test, membrane electrode anode anti-
voltage reversal test, impurity tolerance test, membrane electrode durability test of
proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
This document is applicable to the detection of membrane electrodes of proton
exchange membrane fuel cells; other polymer electrolyte fuel cells shall refer to it.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document
through normative references in the text. For reference documents with dates, only the
versions corresponding to the dates apply to this document; for reference documents
without dates, the latest versions (including all amendments) apply to this document.
GB 3095-2012 Ambient air quality standards
GB/T 6682-2008 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test
methods
GB/T 8979 Pure nitrogen and high purity nitrogen and ultra-pure nitrogen
GB/T 14599 Pure oxygen and high purity oxygen and ultra-pure oxygen
GB/T 20042.1-2017 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Part 1.Terminology
GB/T 28816-2020 Fuel cell - Terminology
GB/T 28817-2022 Single cell test methods for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC)
GB/T 31886.1-2015 Test method about the influence of gaseous contaminants in
reaction gas on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Part 1.
Gaseous contaminants in air
GB/T 31886.2-2015 Test method about the influence of gaseous contaminants in
reaction gas on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Part 2.
Gaseous contaminants in hydrogen
GB/T 34872-2017 Technical requirements of hydrogen supply system for proton
exchange membrane fuel cells
GB/T 37244-2018 Fuel specification for proton exchange membrane fuel cell
vehicles - Hydrogen
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 20042.1-2017, GB/T 28816-2020, as well
as the following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1 Pt group metal loading
The mass of platinum group metal per unit active area of fuel cell (electrode).
3.2 Electrochemical active surface area; ECSA
The surface area of the unit mass of platinum group metal catalyst in the membrane
electrode participating in the electrochemical reaction, as tested by electrochemical
method.
3.3 Gasket
A component that has a sealing function by applying a compressive force to achieve
compression deformation.
4 General provisions
Unless otherwise specified, the hydrogen used in the following tests shall comply with
the requirements of GB/T 37244-2018 or GB/T 34872-2017.The air used in the
following tests shall comply with the requirements of grade 1 air in GB 3095-2012, or
standard air containing oxygen (purity ≥ 99.99%) and nitrogen (purity ≥ 99.99%) at a
ratio of 21.0% to 79.0%, in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 8979 and GB/T
14599.
5 Thickness test
5.1 Overview
The method of membrane electrode thickness test specified in this chapter refers
specifically to the membrane electrode active area thickness test.
5.2 Test instrument
Thickness gauge. Accuracy not less than 0.001 mm.
5.3 Sample preparation
The effective area of the sample shall not be less than 25 cm2.
The sample shall be free of wrinkles, defects, damage.
5.4 Test method
Under the conditions of temperature 23 °C ± 2 °C and relative humidity (50 ± 5)%,
stand for no less than 4 h.
5.5 Data processing
5.5.1 The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is calculated
according to formula (1).
5.5.2 The average thickness is calculated according to formula (2).
5.5.3 The maximum relative thickness deviation is calculated according to formula (3).
6 Platinum group metal loading test
6.1 Test instruments and equipment
The test instruments and equipment are as follows.
6.2 Test method
6.2.1 Reagents and materials
The reagents and materials are as follows.
6.2.2 Treatment of samples to be tested
The samples to be tested are treated according to the following steps.
6.2.3 Drawing of standard curve
The content of each metal component in the catalyst has an order of magnitude
difference. The instrument method of ICP-OES or ICP-MS (hereinafter referred to as
ICP) suitable for the detection range corresponding to the content level shall be selected,
to perform spectral analysis on the standard solution of platinum group metals and the
standard solution of non-platinum group precious metals in the catalyst; draw the
standard curve of platinum group metals and non-platinum group precious metals.
6.2.4 Analysis of metal concentration in test sample
The concentration of platinum group metals and non-platinum group precious metals
in the test sample is analyzed by ICP.
6.2.5 Data processing
6.2.5.1 Calculation of platinum group metal loading
The loading of a single platinum group metal element in the membrane electrode is
calculated according to formula (4).
7 Polarization curve test
7.1 Test instruments and equipment
Test device. The schematic diagram of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell test
device is shown in Figure A.1 of Appendix A.
7.2 Sample preparation
Sample size. The effective area of the membrane electrode sample is 25 cm2; the test
sample is flat, free of stains, defects, damage.
7.3 Single cell assembly
7.3.1 Single cell structure
It usually includes the following components (see Appendix B for the assembly
relationship of the single cell structure).
7.3.2 Single cell assembly
Single cell assembly is to assemble the end plate, electrical insulation sheet, current
collector, flow field plate, gasket, MEA, gasket, flow field plate, current collector,
electrical insulation sheet, end plate in sequence (see B.1 of Appendix B). If a bolt-
tightening fixture is used, the tightening sequence of the bolts is shown in the sequence
marked with numbers in B.2.The single cell is clamped using tightening bolts, nuts,
torque wrenches.
7.4 Single cell leak test
7.4.1 Overview
Before the single cell leak test, ensure that the single cell is well sealed. 7.4.2 and 7.4.3
are two optional reference methods.
7.4.2 Wet immersion method
Connect the gas inlets on both sides of the single cell to the air inlet; connect to air or
nitrogen; connect the gas outlets on both sides to the pressure gauge; close the gas
switches at the end of the gas lines on both sides. Pressure the gas at the gas inlets on
both sides (the fluctuation range of the inlet pressure is ±10 kPa); control the outlet
pressure (absolute pressure) to be 50 kPa higher than the maximum pressure value used
in the single cell test condition.
7.4.3 Pressure differential leak test method
Connect the gas inlet on both sides of the single cell to the air intake; connect to air or
nitrogen; connect the pressure gauge on both sides of the gas outlet; close the gas switch
at the end of the gas line on both sides (see Figure 1).
7.5 Single cell activation
The single cell activation method is as follows.
7.6 Polarization curve condition setting
7.6.1 General conditions
This condition is 100% relative humidity humidification; the proton exchange
membrane and perfluorosulfonic acid resin are in the best wetting state; the catalyst
7.6.2 Other conditions
Based on the common application scenarios of membrane electrode products, three
typical conditions are recommended. Low temperature and high humidity conditions
(see D.1 in Appendix D), high temperature and low humidity conditions (see D.2),
medium temperature and low humidity conditions (see D.3).
7.7 Test settings
The test settings are as follows.
a) Pre-conditions. Before the membrane electrode polarization curve test, specific
conditions can be set to adjust the state of the membrane electrode according to
the actual application requirements, to ensure that the membrane electrode state
is in the required state during the polarization curve test. Usually, the membrane
electrode activation condition can be used or regarded as the pre-condition, or the
condition can be defined as needed.
b) Current density setting and voltage value. Maintain the open circuit voltage (OCV)
state for 10 s; set the appropriate current density interval, for example, set 0.1
A/cm2, 0.2 A/cm2, 0.3 A/cm2 in sequence; go up in sequence until the maximum
current density to be loaded; then go down in sequence at the same current density
interval to the lowest current density value. Each current density point is
maintained for 10 min; the average value of the voltage data in the last 5 min is
taken as the voltage value at the current density. For the voltages of the same
current density in the up and down directions, take the average value of the two.
c) Repeat the test. The same sample shall be tested for polarization performance at
least twice.
7.8 Data recording
According to the current density I and voltage V results recorded in the polarization
curve test, the I-V relationship curve is obtained with current density as the abscissa
and voltage as the ordinate (the up and down current density-voltage relationship lines
can also be drawn separately).
8 Hydrogen permeation current density test and insulation
resistance test
8.1 Test instruments and equipment
Test device. The schematic diagram of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell test
device is shown in Figure A.1.
8.2 Sample preparation, assembly, activation
Sample size. The effective area of the membrane electrode sample is 25 cm2; the test
sample is flat, free of stains, defects, damage.
8.3 Test method
The test method is as follows.
8.4 Data processing
The schematic diagram of the scanning results is shown in Figure 2.The I-V curve is
obtained; a linear fit is performed based on the current density and voltage curve of 0.4
V ~ 0.5 V. The current density when the voltage is zero is calculated as the hydrogen
permeation current density; the inverse of the slope of the fitting curve is the insulation
resistance of the membrane electrode.
9 Electrochemical active surface area test
9.1 Test instruments and equipment
Test device. The schematic diagram of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell test
device is shown in Figure A.1.
9.2 Sample preparation
Sample size. The effective area of the membrane electrode sample is 25 cm2; the test
sample is flat, free of stains, defects, damage.
9.3 Electrochemical active surface area test
9.3.1 Test method
Electrode connection. The test electrode is connected to the working electrode of the
potentiostat; the other electrode is connected to the reference electrode and the counter
electrode.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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