GB/T 18487.4-2025 PDF English
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GB/T 18487.4-2025: Electric vehicle conductive charging and discharging system - Part 4: Discharging requirements for electric vehicle
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
CCS T 40
Electric vehicle conductive charging and discharging system
- Part 4.Discharging requirements for electric vehicle
Issued on. APRIL 25, 2025
Implemented on. NOVEMBER 01, 2025
Issued by. Status Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 5
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative references... 7
3 Terms and definitions... 8
4 Classification... 10
5 General requirements... 13
6 Communication... 19
7 Requirements for conductive connection components... 19
8 Special requirements for power loads... 19
9 Other safety requirements for discharge vehicles... 22
10 Environmental requirements... 23
11 Marking and instructions... 23
Appendix A (Normative) AC V2L discharge control pilot circuit and control principle
... 25
Appendix B (Normative) AC V2V discharge control pilot circuit and control principle
... 37
Appendix C (Normative) DC V2L discharge control pilot circuit and control principle
... 42
Appendix D (Informative) DC V2L communication protocol... 49
References... 55
1 Scope
This document specifies the classification, general requirements, communication,
connection components, power load requirements of electric vehicle conductive
discharge systems, discharge vehicle safety requirements, environmental requirements,
identification and instructions.
This document applies to electric vehicles that can discharge to the outside of the
vehicle through the vehicle interface, have a rated output voltage of AC discharge not
exceeding single-phase 250 V or three-phase 440 V, or the output voltage of DC
discharge not exceeding 1000 V.
This document is only applicable to category M1 electric vehicles.
This document does not apply to discharge through the internal discharge interface of
the vehicle, such as through the cigarette lighter, USB interface, socket that complies
with GB/T 1002, etc.
This document does not apply to power supply for special electrical equipment such as
medical devices.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential terms of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for referenced documents with
dates, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for
referenced documents without dates, the latest version (including all amendments)
applies to this document.
GB/T 2423.7-2018 Environmental testing - Part 2.Test methods - Test Ec. Rough
handling shocks, primarily for equipment -type specimens
GB/T 2900.33 Electrotechnical terminology - Power electronics
GB/T 16895.3 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-54.Selection and
erection of electrical equipment - Earthing arrangements and protective conductors
GB/T 16935.1-2023 Insulation coordination for equipment within Low-voltage
supply systems - Part 1.Principles, requirements and tests
GB/T 17045 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installations
and equipment
GB 18384-2020 Electric vehicles safety requirements
GB/T 18487.1-2023 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1.General
requirements
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 20234.1-2023 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles -
Part 1.General requirements
GB/T 20234.2-2015 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles -
Part 2.AC charging coupler
GB/T 20234.3-2023 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles -
Part 3.DC charging coupler
GB/T 38661-2020 Technical specifications of battery management system for
electric vehicles
GB 50052-2009 Code for design electric power supply systems
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 2900.33, GB/T 18487.1-2023, GB/T
19596, GB/T 20234.1-2023, as well as the following terms and definitions, apply to this
document.
3.1
Discharging equipment
Equipment that transmits electrical energy from power batteries to loads or power
grids by conduction or wireless means.
Note. Power grids or loads include public power grids, building power supply and
distribution systems, residential power supply and distribution systems, electric vehicle
power batteries, power loads, etc.
3.2
Charging and discharging device
Equipment that connects electric vehicles or power batteries to the power grid (or
load), to achieve bidirectional energy flow.
[Source. GB/T 29317-2021, 2.4]
3.3
Electric vehicle to load; V2L
The electric vehicle power battery is connected to the load through the charging and
discharging device, serving as an energy storage unit to supply power to the load.
[Source. GB/T 29317-2021, 9.1.5]
3.4
Vehicle to vehicle; V2V
The electric vehicle is connected to another electric vehicle through the charging
and discharging device, to supply power to the other electric vehicle.
[Source. GB/T 29317-2021, 9.1.4]
3.5
Vehicle to grid; V2G
The electric vehicle power battery is connected to the public grid through the
charging and discharging device, participates in the operation mode of the public
grid power supply as an energy storage unit, to achieve bidirectional energy flow.
[Source. GB/T 29317-2021, 9.1.1]
4 Classification
4.1 By output characteristics
According to the type of current output by the discharge vehicle, it can be divided into.
4.2 By discharge output voltage
Classification by discharge vehicle's output voltage.
a) AC. single-phase 220 V/50 Hz, three-phase 380 V/50 Hz;
b) DC discharge voltage preferred value.
4.3 By discharge output current
Classification by discharge vehicle's output current.
a) AC. single-phase 10 A, 16 A, 32 A; three-phase 16 A, 32 A, 63 A;
b) DC discharge current preferred value.
4.4 By applicable scenarios for AC and DC discharge modes
4.4.1 AC V2L discharge
Definition of discharge mode 1.1.AC V2L, when the discharge vehicle is connected to
the external load, the vehicle plug is directly connected to the load, as shown in Figure
1.The vehicle plug e shall comply with the requirements for the structural dimensions
of the vehicle plug in Appendix A of GB/T 20234.2-2015, g is the intelligentize load, f
is the flexible cable that shall be fixedly connected to the vehicle plug and the
intelligentize load. This document only defines the discharge mode of the intelligentize
load with a discharge control pilot circuit.
Instructions for reference numbers.
4.4.2 DC V2L discharge
Definition of discharge mode 2.1.DC V2L, when the discharge vehicle is connected to
the external load, a dedicated DC power-consuming device (including charging and
discharging device or power load) is used on the load side, meanwhile a discharge
control pilot circuit is installed on the vehicle side, as shown in Figure 2.The vehicle
plug d shall comply with the requirements for the structural dimensions of the vehicle
plug in Chapter 7 of GB/T 20234.3-2023; the cable e shall be fixedly connected to the
vehicle plug and the dedicated DC power-consuming device.
Instructions for reference numbers.
4.4.3 AC V2V discharge
Definition of discharge mode 1.2.AC V2V, when connecting the discharge vehicle with
the charge vehicle, an independent conductive connection component is used,
meanwhile the vehicle plugs at both ends shall comply with the requirements for the
structural dimensions of the vehicle plug in Appendix A of GB/T 20234.2-2015.As
shown in Figure 3, e, f, g constitutes active conductive connection components.
Explanation of reference numbers.
4.4.4 DC V2V discharge
Definition of discharge mode 2.2.DC V2V, when connecting the discharge vehicle to
the charge vehicle, the on-board charging and discharging device is used at the
discharge vehicle end, an independent conductive connection component is used. The
vehicle plugs at both ends shall comply with the requirements for the structural
dimensions of vehicle plugs in Chapter 7 of GB/T 20234.3-2023.As shown in Figure
4, e, f, g (optional), h constitutes active conductive connection components.
Explanation of reference numbers.
5 General requirements
5.1 Conditions for use of electric vehicle discharge mode
5.1.1 AC V2L
AC V2L is used for direct connection of discharge vehicles to power loads. Single-
phase or three-phase discharge is used during energy transmission. The total discharge
current of the discharge vehicle shall not exceed 32 A for single phase or 63 A for three-
phase phase. The discharge interface shall comply with the provisions of GB/T
20234.2-2015.The discharge vehicle shall provide a continuous monitoring function
for the protective connection conductor. During the discharge process, insulation
monitoring shall be implemented, between the vehicle socket's Class-B voltage
conduction connection circuit and the vehicle electrical platform.
The power load shall be directly connected to the discharge vehicle, through a vehicle
plug that complies with GB/T 20234.2-2015.
When the discharge vehicle uses AC V2L to discharge Class I or II equipment, a
protective grounding conductor shall be provided on the load side.
The power load is divided into Class I and Class II equipment; its electric shock
protection shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 17045.
The control and pilot function of AC V2L shall comply with the provisions of Appendix A.
5.1.2 AC V2V
AC V2V is used for AC discharge from the discharge vehicle to the charge vehicle.
Single-phase or three-phase discharge is used during energy transmission. The single-
phase discharge current does not exceed 32 A; the three-phase discharge current does
not exceed 63 A. The discharge interface shall comply with the provisions of GB/T
20234.2-2015.The discharge vehicle shall provide a continuous monitoring function
for the protective connection conductor; insulation monitoring shall be implemented
between the vehicle socket's Class B voltage conductive connection circuit and the
vehicle electrical platform during the discharge process.
The control and pilot function of AC V2V shall comply with the provisions of Appendix B.
5.1.3 DC V2L
DC V2L is used for the discharge vehicle to discharge the dedicated DC power-
consuming equipment. The discharge vehicle shall have the discharge control and pilot
function. The equipotential connection conductor shall be provided from the discharge
vehicle to the shell of the dedicated DC power-consuming equipment; meanwhile the
dedicated DC power-consuming equipment shall provide a protective grounding
conductor. During the discharge phase, the discharge vehicle shall implement insulation
monitoring between the vehicle socket's Class B voltage conductive connection circuit
and the vehicle electrical platform.
The control and pilot function of DC V2L shall comply with the provisions of Appendix C.
5.2 Functional requirements
5.2.1 General functional requirements
The basic functional requirements for the discharge vehicle during discharge are shown in Table 1.
5.2.2 Power battery's working status monitoring function
The discharge vehicle shall have the power battery's working status monitoring function;
its battery management system shall comply with the requirements of 5.3 in GB/T38661-2020.
5.2.3 Confirmation of the correct connection between the discharge vehicle and the vehicle plug
For all discharge modes, the discharge vehicle shall be able to confirm that the vehicle
plug of the discharge vehicle is correctly connected to the vehicle socket of the
discharge vehicle.
For AC V2V, the discharge vehicle shall also be able to confirm that the discharge
vehicle is correctly connected to the charge vehicle.
5.2.4 Insulation monitoring function
The discharge vehicle shall have an insulation monitoring function in DC V2L
discharge. The insulation monitoring position is between the Class-B voltage terminal
and the PE terminal of the vehicle interface. The insulation resistance is the smaller
value between the DC+ or DC - and PE terminals of the vehicle interface. When the
insulation resistance is greater than 500 Ω/V, it is considered safe. When the insulation
resistance is greater than 100 Ω/V ~ 500 Ω/V, an insulation abnormality alarm should
be issued, but the discharge shall be normal. When the insulation resistance is less than
or equal to 100 Ω/V, it is considered an insulation fault and the discharge shall be
stopped.
The discharge vehicle shall have an insulation monitoring function during AC V2L and
AC V2V discharge. The insulation monitoring position is between the Class-B voltage
terminal and the PE terminal of the vehicle interface. The insulation resistance is the
smaller value between the vehicle interface L or N and PE. When the insulation
resistance is greater than 500 Ω/V, it is considered safe. When the insulation resistance
is less than or equal to 500 Ω/V, it is considered an insulation fault.
6 Communication
When discharging DC V2L, digital communication shall be used to control the output
of electric energy by the discharge vehicle. The communication protocol is shown in
Appendix D.
7 Requirements for conductive connection components
7.1 General requirements
AC V2V conductive connection components shall comply with the requirements of
Chapter 6 of GB/T 20234.1-2023.
AC V2V conductive connection components shall be subjected to drop tests in
accordance with the requirements of 5.3 of GB/T 2423.7-2018.The number of drops
and height shall be defined by the manufacturer. After the test, the product shall comply
with the requirements of 6.3.10 of GB/T 20234.1-2023.
The length of the AC V2V conductive connection component shall not exceed 7.5 m.
8 Special requirements for power loads
8.1 Requirements for AC V2L loads
For AC V2L discharge loads, the input voltage requirement shall comply with the
requirement that the single-phase shall not exceed 250 V and the three-phase shall not
exceed 440 V; meanwhile the load shall have undervoltage protection, to prevent
damage to the load due to insufficient output voltage or power failure of the discharge
vehicle.
When discharging Class I or II equipment, the equipment shall provide a protective
grounding conductor, which shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 16895.3
and be connected to the protective bonding conductor.
8.2 Requirements for DC V2L dedicated DC power equipment
8.2.1 Functional requirements
8.2.2 Performance requirements
8.2.2.1 Insulation resistance
The insulation resistance shall comply with the requirements of 12.2 of GB/T 18487.1-
2023.
8.2.2.2 Dielectric strength
The dielectric strength shall comply with the requirements of 12.3 of GB/T 18487.1-
2023.
8.2.2.3 Impulse withstand voltage
The impulse withstand voltage shall comply with the requirements of 12.4 of GB/T18487.1-2023.
8.2.2.4 Impact current
When the input contactor of the dedicated DC power equipment is closed, the impact
current (peak value) shall be controlled below 20 A.
8.2.3 Electric shock protection
8.2.3.1 General requirements
The dangerous live parts shall not be touched.
Electric shock protection measures under single fault conditions shall be implemented.
The input contactor shall have adhesion monitoring and alarm functions.
8.2.3.2 Direct contact protection
The protection level of all easily accessible ports shall not be lower than IPXXB when
fully connected and unconnected.
8.2.3.3 Capacitor discharge
Within 1s after the vehicle plug is disconnected from the vehicle socket, the voltage
between any accessible conductive part of the vehicle plug and the protective grounding
conductor shall be less than or equal to 60 V DC, or the equivalent stored charge shall
be less than 50 μC.
9 Other safety requirements for discharge vehicles
9.1 Remote power off
The discharge vehicle shall have a remote power off function to cut off the high-voltage
electrical connection between the discharge vehicle and the external load. When the AC
discharge is performed, the vehicle socket electronic lock (if any) should be opened at
the same time.
Note. Remote power off means that the vehicle provides a safe remote power off method in
emergency situations such as fire, such as stopping the discharge by mobile client operation.
9.2 Adhesion detection function of high-voltage output contactor contact
For the DC V2L discharge mode, the discharge vehicle shall have a high-voltage output
contactor contact's adhesion detection function. When any contactor contact is detected
to be adhered, the discharge shall be stopped and an alarm message shall be issued. The
adhesion detection requirements shall comply with the relevant provisions of Appendix C.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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