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GB/T 1800.1-2020: Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes - Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
Status: Valid GB/T 1800.1: Evolution and historical versions
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Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes - Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
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GB/T 1800.1-2020
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| GB/T 1800.1-2009 | English | RFQ |
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Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Limits and fits -- Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits
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GB/T 1800.1-2009
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| GB/T 1800.1-1997 | English | 519 |
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Limits and fits--Based--Part 1: Terminology
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| GB 1800-1979 | English | 719 |
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Tolerance and fitting, generalities, standard tolerances and basic deviations
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PDF similar to GB/T 1800.1-2020
Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 1800.1-2020 (GB/T1800.1-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes - Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | J04 | | Classification of International Standard | 17.040.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 35,315 | | Date of Issue | 2020-04-28 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-11-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 1800.1-2009; GB/T 1801-2009 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 1800.2-2020; GB/T 38762.1; GB/T 24637.1-2020 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 286-1-2010, MOD | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | | Summary | This standard specifies the ISO code system for linear dimensional tolerances, which apply to the following types of dimensional elements: a) cylindrical surfaces; b) two opposite parallel surfaces. This standard specifies the basic concepts and related terms of the ISO code system for linear dimensional tolerances, and specifies a standardized method for selecting common tolerance zone codes from a variety of options. In addition, this standard defines the basic terminology of two-dimensional feature fit that is not constrained by orientation and position, and explains the principles of "datum hole" and "datum axis". | GB/T 1800.1-2020: Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes - Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
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Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes - Part 1.Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
ICS 17.040.10
J04
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 1800.1-2009, GB/T 1801-2009
Product Geometric Technical Specification (GPS)
ISO code system for linear dimensional tolerances
Part 1.The basis of tolerance, deviation and fit
2020-04-28 released
2020-11-01 implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
Issued by the National Standardization Management Committee
Product Geometric Technical Specification (GPS)
ISO code system for linear dimensional tolerances
Part 1.The basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 1800 establishes the ISO code system for linear dimensional tolerances, which applies to the following types of dimensional elements.
a) Cylindrical surface;
b) Two opposite parallel surfaces.
This part defines the basic concepts and related terms of the ISO code system for linear dimensional tolerances, and provides options for selecting common
Use the standardized method of tolerance zone code.
In addition, this section defines the basic terms for the coordination of two dimension elements that are not constrained by direction and position, and defines the "reference hole" and
The principle of "reference axis" is explained.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 1800.2-2020 Product Geometric Technical Specification (GPS) Linear Dimension Tolerance ISO Code System Part 2.Standard
Tolerance zone code and limit deviation table of holes and shafts (ISO 286-2.2010, MOD)
GB/T 38762.1 Product Geometric Technical Specification (GPS) Dimensional Tolerance Part 1.Linear Dimensions (GB/T 38762.1-
2020, ISO 14405-1.2016, MOD)
GB/T 24637.1-2020 Geometric Technical Specifications for Products (GPS) General Concepts Part 1.Geometric Specifications and Inspection Models
(ISO 17450-1.2011, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions defined in GB/T 38762.1 and GB/T 24637.1 apply to this document.
3.1 Basic terminology
3.1.1
Dimensions
Linear dimension element or angular dimension element.
[GB/T 24637.1-2020, definition 3.3.1.5]
3.1.1.1
Linear dimension element
A dimension element with linear dimensions.
A geometric element with one or more essential characteristics, of which only one can be used as a variable parameter, and the other parameters are "single parameter family"
And these parameters comply with monotonic inhibition.
[GB/T 24637.1-2020, definition 3.3.1.5.1]
Note 1.The size element can be a sphere, a circle, two straight lines, two opposite parallel faces, a cylinder, a ring, and so on. In the previous standard,
Wedges and cones are considered dimensional elements, and no ring is mentioned.
Note 2.When there is more than one essential feature (such as a ring), there will be some constraints.
Note 3.The size element is particularly useful for expressing physical requirements, namely the smallest physical requirements (LMR) and the largest physical requirements (MMR).
Note 4.The diameter of the ball is the size of a linear dimension element, and the geometric element used to establish the dimension element is its skeleton element. For a sphere, the skeleton element is
one point.
3.1.1.2
Angle dimension element
Geometric elements belonging to the category of constant rotation, whose generatrix is nominally inclined at an angle not equal to 0° or 90°; or belonging to a constant prismatic surface
Category, the angle between two orientation elements is composed of two surfaces with the same shape.
[GB/T 24637.1-2020, definition 3.3.1.5.2]
Note. A cone and a wedge are angle dimension elements.
3.1.2
Nominal components
The ideal constituent elements defined by the designer in the product technical documentation.
3.1.2.1
Nominal element
The ideal elements defined by the designer in the product technical documentation.
[GB/T 24637.1-2020, definition 3.3.3]
Note 1.Nominal elements are defined in the product technical documents.
Note 2.Nominal elements can be finite or infinite. By default, it is limited.
3.1.2.2
Components
The geometric elements belonging to the actual surface or surface model of the workpiece.
[GB/T 24637.1-2020, definition 3.3.5]
Note 1.The constituent elements are essentially defined, for example, the skin surface of the workpiece.
Note 2.For the specification statement, the geometric elements obtained from the surface model or separated from the actual surface of the workpiece should be defined. These elements are called "component elements".
It is a model of different physical parts of the workpiece, especially the contact part between the workpieces, each has a specific function.
Note 3.A component element can be identified by the following operations, for example.
---Separation of surface model;
---Separation of another component; or
---A combination of other components.
3.1.3
The internal dimension elements of the workpiece include non-cylindrical internal dimension elements.
3.1.4
Datum hole
The hole selected as the datum in the base hole system fit.
Note 1.See 3.4.1.1.
Note 2.For this code system, the hole whose lower limit deviation is zero.
3.1.5
The external dimension elements of the workpiece include non-cylindrical external dimension elements.
3.1.6
Reference axis
The axis selected as the datum in the base axis system fit.
Note 1.See 3.4.1.2.
Note 2.For this code system, that is, the axis whose upper limit deviation is zero.
3.2 Terms related to tolerance and deviation
3.2.1
Nominal size
The size of the ideal shape element defined by the drawing specification.
see picture 1.
Note 1.The limit size can be calculated by applying the upper and lower limit deviations.
Note 2.In the past, it was called "basic size".
3.2.2
Actual size
Fit the size of the component.
Note 1.GB/T 24637.1-2020 3.3.8 and 3.1.2.2 of this part respectively define "fitting elements" and "component elements".
Note 2.The actual size is obtained by measurement.
3.2.3
Limit size
The allowable limit value of the size of the dimension element.
Note. In order to meet the requirements, the actual size is between the upper and lower limit sizes, including the limit size.
3.2.3.1
Upper limit size
ULS
The maximum allowable size of the size element is shown in Figure 1.
3.2.3.2
Lower limit size
LLS
The minimum size allowed for the size element.
see picture 1.
3.2.4
deviation
The difference between a value and its reference value.
Note. For size deviation, the reference value is the nominal size, and a certain value is the actual size.
3.2.5
limit deviation
The upper limit deviation and the lower limit deviation relative to the nominal size.
3.2.5.1
Upper limit deviation
ES (for inner dimension elements)
es (for external dimension elements)
The algebraic difference of the upper limit size minus its nominal size.
see picture 1.
Note. The upper limit deviation is a signed value, which can be a negative, zero or positive value.
3.2.5.2
Lower limit deviation
EI (for inner dimension elements)
Note 2.Tolerance can also be the difference between the upper limit deviation and the lower limit deviation.
3.2.8.1
Tolerance limit
Determine the specific value of the upper limit and/or lower limit of the allowable value.
3.2.8.2
Standard tolerance
IT
Linear dimensional tolerances Any tolerance in the ISO code system.
Note. The acronym "IT" stands for "International Tolerance".
3.2.8.3
Standard tolerance grade
Linear dimensional tolerance group characterized by common identifiers.
Note 1.In the ISO code system for linear dimensional tolerances, the standard tolerance class identifier consists of IT and the following numbers (such as IT7), see 4.1.2.3.
Note 2.A set of tolerances for all nominal sizes of the same tolerance class is considered to have the same degree of accuracy.
3.2.8.4
Tolerance zone
The size variation value between tolerance limits (including tolerance limits).
Note 1.The application of the term "tolerance zone" in the previous version is related to linear dimensioning (according to GB/T 1800.1-2009), the English term "tolerance zone"
Has been converted to "tolerance interval"; because "interval" refers to a scale range, and the tolerance zone in GPS refers to a
Space or an area, such as the tolerance in GB/T 1182.
Note 2.For GB/T 1800, the tolerance zone is included between the upper limit size and the lower limit size, determined by the tolerance size and the position relative to the nominal size (see Figure 1).
Note 3.The tolerance zone does not have to include the nominal size (see Figure 1). The tolerance limit can be bilateral (two values are located on both sides of the nominal size) or unilateral (two value positions).
On one side of the nominal size), when one tolerance limit is on one side and the other tolerance limit is zero, this situation is a special case of unilateral marking.
3.2.8.5
Tolerance zone code
Combination of basic deviation and standard tolerance grade.
Note. In the ISO code system of linear dimensional tolerances, the tolerance zone code consists of the basic deviation identifier and the tolerance level (such as D13, h9, etc.), see 4.2.1.
3.3 Cooperate with related terms
The concept in this article is only related to the nominal size element (ideal shape). For the model definition of nominal size elements, see GB/T 24637.1-
3.2.1 and 3.3.1.5 in 2020.
For the determination of coordination, see 5.3.
3.3.1
gap
When the diameter of the shaft is smaller than the diameter of the hole, the difference between the size of the hole and the shaft.
Note. In the gap calculation, the value obtained is a positive value (see Appendix B in B.2).
3.3.1.1
Minimum gap
In a clearance fit, the difference between the lower limit size of the hole and the upper limit size of the shaft.
See Figure 2.
3.3.1.2
Maximum gap
In clearance fit or transition fit, the difference between the upper limit size of the hole and the lower limit size of the shaft.
4 ISO code system for linear dimensional tolerances
4.1 Basic concepts and symbolic representation
4.1.1 Relationship with GB/T 38762.1
Dimensional elements can be tolerance marked with the ISO code system defined in this part, or according to GB/T 38762.1 or-
Tolerance marking method marking. The two representations are equivalent.
Example 1.
32xy is equivalent to 32 "code name".
among them.
32 ---Nominal size, in millimeters (mm);
x --- upper tolerance limit (x can be positive, zero or negative);
y --- lower tolerance limit (y can be positive, zero or negative);
"Code" --- Code of tolerance zone determined according to 4.2.1.
If a tolerance is marked with a fit, the tolerance requirements can be marked in accordance with GB/T 38762.1 (see Appendix A in A.2).
Example 2.
32xyⒺ is equivalent to 32 "code"Ⓔ.
4.1.2 Tolerance zone code representation
4.1.2.1 General
The tolerance zone code contains the tolerance size and the position of the tolerance zone relative to the nominal size of the dimension element.
4.1.2.2 Tolerance
The tolerance zone code shows the tolerance size. The tolerance size is a function of the standard tolerance level and the nominal size of the measured element.
4.1.2.3 Standard tolerance class
The standard tolerance grade is represented by the characters IT and grade numbers, such as IT7.
The standard tolerance values are given in Table 1.Each column gives the tolerance of any standard tolerance grade between IT01~IT18
Value, each row in the table corresponds to a size range, and the first column of Table 1 defines the size range.
Note 1.When the standard tolerance grade and the letter representing the basic deviation form a tolerance zone code, IT is omitted, such as H7.
Note 2.From IT6 to IT18, the standard tolerance is multiplied by a factor of 10 every 5 levels. This rule applies to all standard tolerances, and can also be used for IT, etc. not given in Table 1.
Level of extrapolation.
Example.
For the nominal size greater than 120mm~180mm, the value of IT20 is.
IT20=IT15×10=1.6mm×10=16mm.
4.1.2.4 Position of tolerance zone
Tolerance interval (previous English term. tolerance zone) is the change between the upper limit size and the lower limit size
Value and tolerance zone code use the basic deviation to indicate the position of the tolerance zone relative to the nominal size. About the position of the tolerance zone, that is, the letter of the basic deviation
Information is marked by one or more letters, called the basic deviation identifier.
The position of the tolerance zone relative to the nominal size and the basic deviation (or -) symbol of the hole and shaft are shown in Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9.
4.1.2.5 Basic deviation
The basic deviation is the limit deviation that defines the limit size closest to the nominal size (see Figure 7).
The basic deviation is identified and controlled by the following methods.
---For holes, use capital letters (A,,ZC), see Table 2 and Table 3;
---For the axis, use lowercase letters (a,,zc), see Table 4 and Table 5.
Note 1.To avoid confusion, the following letters cannot be used. I, i; L, l; O, o; Q, q; W, w.
Note 2.In addition to the basic deviations given in the nominal sizes in Table 2 to Table 5, the basic deviations are not separately given for each specific nominal size.
The basic deviation in mm is a function of the identifier (letter) and the nominal size of the measured element.
Table 2 and Table 3 give the basic deviation values with signs for hole tolerances. Table 4 and Table 5 show the belts used for shaft tolerances
The basic deviation value of the sign.
When the tolerance limit indicated by the basic deviation is above the nominal size, the number is used, and when the tolerance limit indicated by the basic deviation is located
When below the nominal size, use-sign.
Each column in Table 2 to Table 5 gives the basic deviation value of a basic deviation identifier. Each row represents a range of dimensions.
The size range is defined by the first column in the table.
The other limit deviation (up or down) is determined by the basic deviation and standard tolerance, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9.
Note 3.The concept of basic deviation does not apply to JS and js. Their tolerance limits are symmetrically distributed with respect to the nominal size line (see Figure 8 and Figure 9).
Note 4.In many cases (for the deviation of a~c and r~zc or A~C and R~ZC), the size range in Table 2~Table 5 is the main size range of Table 1.
Subdivision.
The last six columns on the right of Table 3 give separate tables of Δ values. Δ is a function of the tolerance level and nominal size of the measured element. The value
It is only related to the deviation K~ZC of tolerance class IT3~IT7/IT8.
Whenever Δ is shown, the Δ value will increase to the fixed value given by the main table to get the correct value of the basic deviation.
4.2 Tolerance zone code marking
4.2.1 General
For holes and shafts, the tolerance zone codes are represented by uppercase letters representing the basic deviation of the hole and lowercase letters representing the basic deviation of the shaft.
The combination of the number of standard tolerance grades is indicated.
Example.
H7 (hole), h7 (shaft).
4.2.2 Dimensions and tolerances
The size and its tolerance are indicated by the nominal size and the required tolerance zone code, or indicated by the nominal size and/or-limit deviation
(See GB/T 38762.1).
In the following example, marking with limit deviation is equivalent to marking with tolerance zone code.
Note. When using or-tolerance labeling determined by the tolerance zone code, for the purpose of providing auxiliary information, etc., the tolerance zone code can be added in the form of brackets, and vice versa.
4.2.3 Determination of tolerance zone code
Determine the tolerance zone code according to the fit requirements (clearance, interference), see 5.3.4.
4.3 Determination of limit deviation (reading rule)
4.3.1 General
To determine the limit deviation of a dimension with tolerances, such as converting the tolerance zone code to and-tolerance marking, the following methods can be used
one.
--- Tables 1 to 5 of this part (see 4.3.2);
--- The table in GB/T 1800.2 (see 4.3.3) covers only the selected situation.
4.3.2 Apply the tables in this section to determine the limit deviation
4.3.2.1 General
Tolerance zone codes can be decomposed into basic deviation identifiers and standard tolerance grade numbers.
Example.
The size of the hole with tolerance 90F7Ⓔ and the size of the shaft with tolerance 90f7Ⓔ
among them
90---nominal size in mm;
F---The basic deviation identifier of the hole;
f --- The basic deviation identifier of the axis;
7 ---Number of standard tolerance grades;
Ⓔ---According to the tolerance requirements marked in GB/T 38762.1 (if necessary).
4.3.2.2 Standard tolerance class
The standard tolerance grade (ITx) is obtained from the standard tolerance grade number.
Use Table 1 to obtain the tolerance size (ie the standard tolerance value) from the nominal size and standard tolerance level.
Example 1.
The size of the hole with tolerance 90F7Ⓔ and the size of the shaft with tolerance 90f7Ⓔ
The standard tolerance class number is "7", therefore, the standard tolerance class is IT7.
Check the standard tolerance value in the row of Table 1 whose nominal size is greater than 80mm~120mm and the column of standard tolerance class IT7.
Therefore, the standard tolerance value is 35μm.
Example 2.
The size of the hole with tolerance 28P9Ⓔ
The standard tolerance grade number is "9", therefore, the standard tolerance grade is IT9.
Check the standard tolerance value in the row with the nominal size greater than 18mm~30mm in Table 1 and the column with the standard tolerance class IT9.
Therefore, the standard tolerance value is 52μm.
4.3.2.3 Position of tolerance zone
Table 2 and Table 3 (uppercase letters) of the available holes and Table 4 and Table 5 (lowercase letters) of the shaft are obtained by the nominal size and basic deviation identifier
To the basic deviation (upper limit deviation or lower limit deviation).
Example 1.
The size of the hole with tolerance 90F7Ⓔ
The basic deviation identifier is "F", therefore, use Table 2 to get the basic deviation of the hole.
From the "80~100" row and "F" column of Table 2, the lower limit deviation EI is 36μm.
Example 2.
Dimension of shaft with tolerance 90f7Ⓔ
The basic deviation identifier is "f", therefore, use Table 4 to get the basic deviation of the shaft.
From the "80~100" row and "f" column of Table 4, the upper limit deviation es is -36μm.
Example 3.
The size of the hole with tolerance 28P9Ⓔ
The basic deviation identifier is "P", therefore, use Table 3 to get the basic deviation of the hole.
From the "24~30" row and "P" column of Table 3, the upper limit deviation ES obtained is -22μm.
4.3.2.4 Determination of limit deviation
A limit deviation (up or down) has been determined in 4.3.2.3.The other limit deviation (lower or upper) is based on the formula given in Figure 8 and Figure 9.
Formula and use the standard tolerance value in Table 1 to calculate.
Example 1.
The size of the hole with tolerance 90F7Ⓔ
According to 4.3.2.2 IT7=35μm
According to 4.3.2.3 lower limit deviation EI = 36μm
According to the formula in Figure 8, the upper limit deviation ES=EI IT= 36 35= 71μm
From the above, we can get. 90F7Ⓔ≡90 0.071 0.036Ⓔ
Example 2.
Dimension of shaft with tolerance 90f7Ⓔ
According to 4.3.2.2 IT7=35μm
According to 4.3.2.3 upper limit deviation es=-36μm
According to the formula in Figure 9, the lower limit deviation ei=es-IT=-36-35=-71μm
From the above, we can get. 90f7Ⓔ≡90-0.036-0.071Ⓔ
Example 3.
The size of the hole with tolerance 28P9Ⓔ
According to 4.3.2.2 IT9=52μm
According to 4.3.2.3 upper limit deviation ES=-22μm
According to the formula in Figure 8, the lower limit deviation EI=ES-IT=-22-52=-74μm
From the above, we can get. 28P9Ⓔ≡28-0.022-0.074Ⓔ
4.3.2.5 Use Δ value to determine limit deviation
For the determination of the basic deviations of K, M, N from the standard tolerance level to IT8 and P~ZC from the standard tolerance level to IT7, you should consider
Consider the delta values in the right columns of Table 3.
Example 1.
The size of the hole with tolerance 20K7Ⓔ
Table 1.For IT7 with a nominal size greater than 18mm~30mm, IT7=21μm
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
More information about limits and coordination and abolition practices
A.1 Practice of abolishing the default definition of linear dimensions
In GB/T 1800.1-2009, the ISO tolerance zone code (e.g. ϕ30H6) is used to mark the diameter of the tolerance by the default definition of GB/T 3177
The Taylor principle (fitting size at the maximum physical limit and local diameter at the minimum physical limit).
This means that for any dimension element marked with tolerance with ISO tolerance zone code, without marking the tolerance requirements, the tolerance
The requirements are all valid, even if the tested element is not a matching part.
Example.
According to the head diameter of the round head screw ϕ24h13 marked in GB/T 3103.1, the tolerance requirements are automatically effective.
A.2 Detailed explanation of dimensions with tolerances
According to GB/T 1800.1 and GB/T 3177, dimensions with tolerances are interpreted in the following manner within the specified length.
a) For holes
The diameter of the largest ideal cylinder tangent to the hole must not be less than the maximum physical size, and the ideal cylinder is exactly at the highest points on the surface of the hole.
Tangent.
The maximum local diameter at any position of the hole shall not exceed the minimum physical size.
b) For shaft
The diameter of the largest ideal cylinder circumscribing the shaft shall not be greater than the maximum physical size, and the ideal cylinder is exactly aligned with the multiple highest points on the shaft surface
Meet.
The smallest local diameter at any position of the shaft shall not be less than the smallest physical size.
These interpretations mean that if a dimension element is everywhere at its maximum physical limit, the element should be an ideal circle and straight line, for example, a
An ideal cylinder.
After this explanation, in addition to marking the dimensions and tolerances on the drawings, it is only when the tolerance requirements (symbol Ⓔ) are marked according to GB/T 38762.1
Effective.
A.3 Changes to the default definition of linear dimensions
According to GB/T 38762.1, the default definition of a linear dimension with tolerances is converted into a local dimension between two opposite points. About extraction
For the local size of the element, see 3.1 and 5.2.4 in GB/T 24637.3-2020.
In order to accurately represent the same requirements on the drawings (according to the Taylor principle of GB/T 3177), according to GB/T 38762.1, for the matching rule
Inch, mark modifiers after the tolerance, such as tolerance requirements.
Example.
ϕ30H6Ⓔ
Appendix B
(Informative appendix)
Example of applying GB/T 1800.1 to determine the code of fit and tolerance zone
B.1 General
This appendix gives examples of applying the ISO limit and fit system to determine the fit clearance and/or interference fit. In addition, it also includes determining non-
Examples of tolerance zone codes for fits.
B.2 Determine the fit from the limit deviation
By the definition of clearance and interference, the calculation of minimum clearance and maximum interference uses the same formula.
The lower limit size of the hole-the upper limit size of the shaft
Calculation of maximum clearance and minimum interference.
The upper limit size of the hole-the lower limit size of the shaft
The result of the calculation is a positive value or a negative value. By definition, the gap is a positive value and the interference is a negative value. This means that the gap is "",
Interference is the "-" sign.
After the calculation results are explained, the absolute value is used to convey and describe the gap and interference.
Example 1.
Calculation fit. ϕ36H8/f7
For hole 36H8, from the table in GB/T 1800.2, we get.
ES = 0.039mm, therefore, there is. upper limit size = 36.039mm
EI=0 Lower limit size=36.000mm
For axis 36f7, we get.
es=-0.025mm, therefore, there is. upper limit size=35.975mm
ei=-0.050mm lower limit size=35.950mm
therefore.
Th...
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