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[2018 Edition of GB 50016-2014] Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings [Code of Design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention]
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GB 50016-2018: [2018 Edition of GB 50016-2014] Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings [Code of Design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention]
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB50016-2018
UDC
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
P GB 50016-2014
Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings
(2018 Edition)
Issued on: AUGUST 27, 2014
Implemented on: MAY 1, 2015
Issued by. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the
People's Republic of China;
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings
GB 50016-2014
(2018 Edition)
Chief-drafting department. The Ministry of Public Security of the People's
Republic of China
Approval department. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development
of the People's Republic of China
Implementation Date. May 1, 2015
2018 Beijing
Table of Contents
Foreword... 7
1 General Provisions... 14
2 Terminologies and Symbols... 16
3 Factory‐buildings and Storages... 20
4 Class A, B, C Liquid and Gas Tanks (Tank Farm) and Stackyard for Combustibles... 51
5 Civil Buildings... 69
6 Building Construction... 104
7 Fire Fighting and Rescue Facilities... 121
8 Arrangement of Fire‐fighting Facilities... 127
9 Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning... 140
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to preventing fire accidents in buildings,
reducing fire hazards and protecting personal and property safety.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the following constructed, renovated and extended
buildings.
1.0.3 This code is not applicable to the fire protection design of buildings such as
factory-buildings (storages) for gunpowder, explosive and their products as well as
fireworks and firecrackers.
1.0.4 Where occupancies for different purposes are arranged in the same building,
fire separation shall be provided between them. The fire protection design for this
building and their functional occupancies shall be determined according to the
relevant requirements of this code.
1.0.5 The fire protection design of buildings shall comply with the relevant national
principles and policies, and guarantee, on the whole, safety and usability, advanced
technology as well as economy and rationality according to the characteristics of
buildings and fire hazards in them.
1.0.6 In addition to meeting the requirements of this code, the buildings with height
larger than 250m shall also be taken with stricter fire prevention measures according
to the actual conditions. Their fire protection design shall be submitted to the national
fire authorities for subject study and demonstration.
1.0.7 In addition to the requirements of this code, the fire protection design of
buildings shall also comply with those specified in the current relevant standards of
the nation.
2 Terminologies and Symbols
2.1 Terminologies
2.1.1 High-rise building
The residential buildings with height larger than 27m and the non-single-storey
factory-buildings, storages and other civil buildings with height larger than 24m.
Note. The calculation of building height shall meet those specified in Appendix A of this code.
2.1.2 Podium
The ancillary building with height not larger than 24m, which is beyond the projection
of the main body of high-rise building but is connected with the main body.
2.1.3 Important public building
The public building which may cause heavy casualties, property loss and severe
social impact in case of fire.
2.1.4 Commercial facilities
Small business houses such as stores, post offices, savings banks, barbershops
located on the first floor or on the first floor and second floor of residential buildings,
with the building area of each separated unit not larger than 300m2.
2.1.5 High rack storage
Mechanical or automatic rack storage, with rack height larger than 7m.
2.1.6 Semi-basement
A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor
design ground for 1/3~1/2 of the average clear height of such room.
3 Factory‐buildings and Storages
3.1 Classification of Fire Hazards
3.1.1 Fire hazards of production shall be classified according to such factors as the
properties and quantity of substances used or generated during production, may be
classified into Categories A, B, C, D and E, and shall be in accordance with those
specified in Table 3.1.1.
3.1.2 When production with different fire hazards is carried out in a factory-building
or in any fire compartment of the factory-building, the fire hazard category of
production in factory-building or in fire compartment shall be determined according to
the part with higher fire hazard; when the quantity of flammables or combustibles
used or generated during production process is small and is insufficient to constitute
explosion or fire hazard, the fire hazard category may be determined according to the
actual conditions; when one of the following conditions is met, the fire hazard category
may be determined according to the part with lower fire hazard.
3.1.4 When articles of different fire hazards are stored in a storage or in any fire
compartment of storage, the fire hazard of this storage or fire compartment shall be
determined according to the articles with the highest fire hazard.
3.1.5 As for the storages of Categories D and E articles, if the weight of combustible
package is larger than 1/4 of that of the articles or the volume of combustible package
is larger than 1/2 of that of the articles, the fire hazard shall be determined as
Category C.
4 Class A, B, C Liquid and Gas Tanks (Tank Farm) and Stackyard for Combustibles
4.1 General Requirements
4.1.1 Class A, B and C liquid tank farm, LPG tank farm, combustible and
combustion-supporting gas tank farm and stackyard for combustibles shall be
arranged at the edge of urban (area) or in the relatively independent safety zone and
should be arranged at the windward side in the wind direction with the annual
minimum frequency.
Class A, B and C liquid tanks (tank farm) should be arranged in the zone with low
terrain. Where they are arranged in the zone with high terrain, security facilities shall
be adopted.
LPG tank (tank farm) should be arranged in the zone where liquefied petroleum is not
easy to be stored such as in places with flat and open terrain.
4.1.2 Category A liquid in barrel or bottle shall not be stored outdoors.
4.1.3 Non-combustible solid protection wall with the height not less than 1.0m
shall be arranged around the LPG tank group or tank farm.
4.1.4 Class A, B and C liquid tank farm, LPG tank farm, combustible and
combustion-supporting gas tank farm and stackyard for combustibles shall be
arranged separately from the loading area, auxiliary production area and office area.
4.1.5 The smallest horizontal distance between Class A, B and C liquid tanks, LPG
tanks, combustible and combustion-supporting gas tanks, combustibles stacks and
overhead power lines shall meet the requirements of 10.2.1 of this code.
4.2 Fire Separation Distance of Class A, B, C Liquid Tanks (Tank
Farm)
4.2.1 The fire separation distance between Class A, B and C liquid tanks (tank
farm)/ barreled Class B and C liquid stackyard and other buildings shall not be
less than those specified in Table 4.2.1.
4.2.10 The distance between zero-position tank and railway for loading and
unloading line which it belongs to shall not be less than 6m.
4.2.11 The fire separation distance between the tanks (tank farm) of oil depot and
building, the arrangement of and fire separation distance between the storage tanks in
oil depot and the fire separation distance between storage tank and such buildings as
pump room and loading and unloading arms in oil depot shall meet the requirements
of the current national standard "Code for Design of Oil Depot" (GB 50074).
5 Civil Buildings
5.1 Classification and Fire Resistance Class
5.1.1 Civil buildings may be classified into single-/multi-storey civil buildings and
high-rise civil buildings according to their building height and number of storeys.
High-rise civil buildings may be classified into Category I and Category II according to
their building height, use function and floor building area. The classification of civil
buildings shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 5.1.1.
5.1.2 The fire resistance class of civil buildings may be classified into Classes I, II, III
and IV. Unless otherwise stated in this code, as for the buildings of different fire
resistance classes, the combustion performance and fire resistance rating of their
corresponding elements shall not be inferior to the requirements of Table 5.1.2.
5.1.3 The fire resistance class of civil buildings shall be determined according
to such factors as their building height, use function, importance and fire
suppression difficulty, and shall meet the following requirements.
5.1.3A Except timber buildings, care facilities for the aged people shall reach at
least Class III fire resistance.
5.1.4 As for civil buildings with height larger than 100m, the fire resistance
rating of their floor slabs shall not be less than 2.00h.
As for the accessible flat roof of such buildings with Class I or II fire resistance,
the fire resistance rating of their roof slabs shall not be less than 1.50h and
1.00h respectively.
5.1.5 The roof slab of the buildings with Class I or II fire resistance shall be made of
non-combustible materials.
The roof waterproof layer should adopt non-combustible or difficult-combustible
materials. If combustible waterproof materials are adopted and laid over combustible
or difficult-combustible thermal insulation materials, the waterproof materials or the
combustible/difficult-combustible thermal insulation materials shall be protected with
non-combustible materials.
5.1.6 As for the difficult-combustible partition walls of rooms in the buildings with
Class II fire resistance, their fire resistance rating shall not be less than 0.75h; when
the building area of room is not larger than 100m2, the room partition walls may adopt
the difficult-combustible wall body with fire resistance rating not less than 0.50h or
non-combustible wall body with fire resistance rating not less than 0.30h.
As for the floor slabs made of prestressed reinforced concrete in the multi-storey
residential buildings with Class II fire resistance, their fire resistance rating shall not be
less than 0.75h.
5.1.7 If it is necessary to adopt metal sandwich panels as the non-load-bearing
exterior wall, partition walls between rooms and roof slab in buildings, the core
material shall be non-combustible and its fire resistance rating shall meet the relevant
requirements of this code.
6 Building Construction
6.1 Fire Wall
6.1.1 Fire wall shall be constructed directly onto the foundation or the
load-bearing structures like the frame and beam; the fire resistance rating of
load-bearing structures like the frame and beam shall not be less than that of
the fire wall.
The fire wall shall be parted from floor base to the bottom base of beam, floor
slab or roof slab. Where the fire resistance rating of the load-bearing structure
of high-rise factory-building (storage) and roof slab is less than 1.00h, and the
fire resistance rating of the load-bearing structure and roof slab of other
building roof is less than 0.50h, the fire wall shall be more than 0.5m taller than
the roof.
6.1.2 Where the horizontal distance from the center line of fire wall cross
section to the end-surface of skylight is less than 4.0m, and the end-surface of
skylight is combustible wall body, measures shall be taken to prevent the fire
from spreading.
6.1.3 Where the exterior wall of building is a difficult-combustible or combustible wall
body, the fire wall shall protrude the exterior surface of wall by more than 0.4m; the
exterior walls on both sides of fire wall shall be non-combustible wall bodies, the width
of which shall not be less than 2.0m and its fire resistance rating shall not be less than
that of the exterior wall.
In case the exterior wall of the building is non-combustible wall body, fire wall may not
protrude the exterior surface of wall, and the horizontal distance between the closest
edges of door, window or opening on both sides of fire wall shall not be less than 2.0m;
when measures such as arranging Class B fire window preventing fire horizontally
spreading are adopted, such distance is not limited.
6.1.4 The fire wall in a building should not be arranged at the corner, where it is
inevitable, the horizontal distance between the closest edges of door, window or
opening on the walls on both sides of interior angle shall not be less than 4.0m; where
measures such as arranging Class B fire window preventing fire horizontally
spreading is adopted, such distance is not limited.
6.1.5 Door, window or opening shall not be arranged on the fire wall; where it
is inevitable, Class A fire door and window unable to open or self-closing in
case of fire shall be arranged.
Pipes conveying combustible gas and Class A, B, C liquids are strictly
prohibited from penetrating the fire wall. Exhaust duct shall not be arranged
inside the fire wall.
6.1.6 Pipes, besides those specified in 6.1.5 of this code, should not penetrate the
fire wall; where it is inevitable, the firestop materials shall be adopted to fill the gaps
between wall and pipes tightly; non-combustible material shall be adopted as the
insulation material for pipes penetrating fire wall; where the pipes are of
difficult-combustible or combustible material, fire prevention measures shall be
adopted for pipes on both sides of fire wall.
7 Fire Fighting and Rescue Facilities
7.1 Fire Lane
7.1.1 The roads in blocks shall consider the pass of fire vehicle and the distance
between the road center lines should not be greater than 160m.
When the length of building along street is greater than 150m or its total length is
greater than 220m, fire lane across the building shall be arranged. If it is difficult,
circular fire lane shall be arranged.
7.1.2 As for high-rise civil buildings and such single- or multi-storey public
buildings as gymnasiums with over 3,000 seats, assembly halls with over 2,000
seats and store buildings and exhibition halls with over 3,000m2 floor area, the
circular fire lane shall be arranged. If it is difficult, fire lane may be arranged
along the two long sides of those buildings; as for high-rise residential
buildings and the high-rise civil buildings nearby hilly land or watercourse, fire
lane may be arranged along one long side of those buildings, but the facade of
building with such long side shall be the ascending operation surface of fire
vehicle.
7.1.3 Fire lane shall be arranged in factories and storages.
As for high-rise factory-buildings, Categories A, B and C factory-buildings with
over 3,000m2 floor area as well as Categories B and C storages with over
1,500m2 floor area, the circular fire lane shall be arranged. If it is difficult, fire
lane shall be arranged along the two long sides of those buildings.
7.1.4 As for buildings with enclosed garth or courtyard, if the length of the short side
of garth or courtyard is greater than 24m, the fire lane leading to the garth or courtyard
should be arranged; if the buildings are located along street, the pedestrian
passageway connecting street and garth shall be arranged (through staircase) and
their spacing should not be greater than 80m.
7.1.5 Facilities hindering the pass of fire vehicle or the safe evacuation of personnel
shall not be arranged on neither side of fire lane across building or leading to its garth.
7.1.6 As for open stackyard for combustible material, LPG tank farm, Class A, B, C
liquid tank farms as well as combustible gas tank farm, the fire lane shall be arranged.
The arrangement of fire lane shall meet the following requirements.
1 As for stackyards and tank farms with the storage volume greater than those
specified in Table 7.1.6, the circular fire lane should be arranged.
8 Arrangement of Fire‐fighting Facilities
8.1 General Requirements
8.1.1 The fire water supply as well as fire-fighting facilities shall be determined
comprehensively according to such factors as the purpose and significance of
buildings, fire hazard, fire characteristics and ambient conditions.
8.1.2 In cities and towns (including residential district, business district,
development area and industrial district, etc.), municipal fire hydrant system
shall be arranged along street on which fire vehicle can pass.
Outdoor fire hydrant system shall be arranged surrounding the civil buildings,
factory-buildings, storages, tanks (farm) and stackyards.
The roof for parking rescue and fire vehicle shall be arranged with outdoor fire
hydrant system.
Note. Outdoor fire hydrant system may not be arranged for not greater than 3,000m3
Category E factory-buildings with not less than Class II fire resistance rating as well as
residential district with not greater than two storeys and 500 residents.
8.1.3 Fire pump adapter shall be arranged for such systems as sprinkler
system, water spray extinguishing system, foam extinguishing system and
fixed fire monitor extinguishing system as well as the water supply system of
indoor fire hydrant of the following buildings.
8.1.4 The tanks in Class A, B, C liquid tanks (tank farm) shall be arranged with
movable hose or fixed water cooling facilities. As for Class A, B, C over-ground liquid
tanks with height greater than 15m or with single tank volume greater than 2,000m3,
the fixed water cooling facilities should be adopted.
8.1.5 As for LPG tanks (tank farm) with total volume greater than 50m3 or single tank
volume greater than 20m3, the fixed water cooling facilities shall be arranged. As for
embedded LPG tanks, the fixed spray cooling devices may not be arranged. As for
LPG tanks (tank farm) with total volume not greater than 50m3 or single tank volume
not greater than 20m3, the movable hose shall be arranged.
9 Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
9.1 General Requirements
9.1.1 The heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems shall be taken with
proper fire prevention measures.
9.1.2 The air in Categories A and B factory-buildings shall not be recycled.
The air containing dusts or fibers of combustion or explosion hazard in
Category C factory-buildings shall be purified before recycling, and the particle
concentration in such air shall be 25% lower than its lower explosion limit.
9.1.3 Air supply and exhaust equipment serving for Categories A and B
factory-buildings shall be arranged in different ventilation houses respectively;
exhaust equipment shall not be arranged in the same ventilation house with the
air supply/exhaust equipment of other rooms.
9.1.4 Natural ventilating or independent mechanical ventilating facilities shall
be adopted for the rooms containing materials of fire or explosion hazard in
civil buildings, and such air shall not be recycled.
9.1.5 When the air contains lighter combustible gases, the whole horizontal air
exhaust pipe shall be laid by upward slope along the airflow direction.
9.1.6 The combustible gas pipelines and the pipelines of Class A, B, C liquid shall
not pass through any ventilation house or ventilating pipe, and shall not be laid near to
the outer wall of ventilating pipe.
9.2 Heating
9.2.1 The average surface temperature of radiators in the factory-buildings which
emit combustible dusts and fibers shall not be greater than 82.5 ; and the average
surface temperature of radiators at coal handling corridors shall not be greater than
130.
9.2.2 The open fire and electric heat radiators for heating are strictly forbidden
in Categories A and B factory-buildings (storages).
9.2.3 Non-recycling warm air heating shall be adopted for the following
factory-buildings.
1 Factory-buildings which emit combustible gases, vapor, dusts or fibers
in the production process and may cause combustion by the contact
with surfaces of heating pipelines and radiators;
2 Factory-buildings which emit dusts in the production process and may
cause spontaneous ignition, explosion or generate explosive gases
under the action of water or water vapor.
9.2.4 Heating pipelines shall not pass through the rooms containing such gases,
vapors or dusts that may cause combustion or explosion by contacting with heating
pipelines, and the non-combustible materials shall be adopted for heat insulation if
they must pass through these rooms.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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