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GB/T 2423.24-2022: Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering
Status: Valid GB/T 2423.24: Evolution and historical versions
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Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering
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GB/T 2423.24-2022
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| GB/T 2423.24-2013 | English | 295 |
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Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Sa: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing
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GB/T 2423.24-2013
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| GB/T 2423.24-1995 | English | 279 |
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Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Sa: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing
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GB/T 2423.24-1995
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| GB 2423.24-1981 | English | 199 |
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Electric and electronic products--Basic environmental test regulations for electricians--Test Sa: The method of simulation of solar radiation on the earthsurface
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GB 2423.24-1981
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PDF similar to GB/T 2423.24-2022
Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 2423.24-2022 (GB/T2423.24-2022) | | Description (Translated English) | Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K04 | | Word Count Estimation | 26,210 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 2423.24-2013: Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Sa: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing
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Environmental testing - Part 2.Test methods - Test Sa. Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing
ICS 19.040
K04
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 2423.24-1995, GB/T 2424.14-1995
Environmental testing Part 2.Test methods
Test Sa. Simulate solar radiation on the ground
And its test guidelines
(IEC 60068-2-5.2010,Enviromentaltesting-Part 2-5.Tests-
Released on.2013-11-12 Implemented on.2014-03-07
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Issued by the National Standardization Administration of China
Table of contents
Foreword Ⅲ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 1
4 General description 2
5 Test conditions 3
6 Initial inspection 4
7 Test 4
8 Final inspection 6
9 Information that should be given by relevant specifications 6
10 Information to be given in the test report 7
Appendix A (informative appendix) Interpretation of test results 8
Appendix B (informative appendix) Radiation source 10
Appendix C (Informative Appendix) Measuring Instruments 11
Appendix NA (informative appendix) GB/T 2423 standard component 13
Reference 16
Environmental testing Part 2.Test methods
Test Sa. Simulate solar radiation on the ground
And its test guidelines
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 2423 provides guidance for testing equipment or components under solar radiation conditions.
The purpose of the test is to check the extent to which equipment or components are affected by solar radiation.
The comprehensive test method can detect changes in electrical, mechanical or other physical properties.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
IEC 60068-1 Environmental Testing Part 1.Overview and Guidelines (Environmental testing-Part 1.General and
guidance)
IEC 60068-2-1 Environmental testing Part 2-1.Test method Test A. Low temperature (Environmental testing-Part 2-
1.Tests-TestA.Cold)
IEC 60068-2-2 Environmental Testing Part 2-2.Test Method Test B. High Temperature (Environmentaltesting-Part 2-
2.Tests-TestB.Dryheat)
IEC 60068-2-78 Environmental Test Part 2-78.Test Method Test Cab. Steady State Humidity and Heat (Environmental
testing-Part 2-78.Tests-TestCab.Dampheat,steadystate)
CIE85.19891) Solar spectral irradiance (Solarspectralirradiance)
1) The original text of IEC is "CIE85.1985", and the year is wrong, so it is corrected to "CIE85.1989" here.
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions defined in IEC 60068-1 apply to this document.
3.1
Atmospheric optical quality airmass
The ratio of the path length of the light emitted by the celestial body through the earth’s atmosphere to the path length when the celestial body is at the zenith.
The amount is 1.
Note. The optical quality of the atmosphere is 1/sinγ, and γ is the sun's altitude angle.
3.2
Black standard temperature
The characteristic value of the surface temperature of the test sample.
Note. The black standard temperature is measured with a black standard thermometer (see ISO 4892-1).
Ozone and other polluting gases can significantly affect the degradation process of certain materials. Therefore, it is important to exhaust these gases from the test chamber, except
Non-related specifications require otherwise.
5.5 Surface contamination
Dust and other surface contaminants can significantly change the absorption characteristics of the irradiated surface. Unless otherwise required, the test sample should be in a clean
Under test conditions. However, if the impact of surface contaminants is to be evaluated, relevant specifications should include necessary information such as surface preparation.
5.6 Test sample installation
The test sample should be installed in a raised bracket, turntable or a known thermal conductivity and heat capacity in the test box according to the relevant specifications.
On the dedicated base, keep sufficient distance between the test samples to avoid blocking the radiation from the light source or prevent secondary radiant heat. Temperature sensing
The device should be attached to the test sample as required.
5.7 Test facility
The optical parts, lamps, reflectors and filters of the test equipment should be kept clean.
The irradiance on the specified measurement plane shall be measured before each test.
Any specified auxiliary environmental conditions such as ambient temperature, humidity, air flow rate or other parameters should be continuously performed throughout the test period.
monitor.
5.8 Test equipment
The test chamber for the test should be able to provide a light source that meets the spectral distribution specified in Table 1, and its radiation on the specified radiation measurement plane
The degree is 1120×(1±10%)W/m2.The irradiance value should include any radiation reflected from the test chamber and received by the test sample, but
The long-wave infrared radiation emitted by the test chamber should not be included.
The test chamber should be equipped with a device capable of maintaining the specified temperature, air velocity and humidity conditions.
The temperature measurement in the test box should be performed at one or several positions on a horizontal plane 0-50mm below the specified radiation measurement plane.
Yes, the temperature measuring device must be sufficiently shielded to prevent radiant heat, and the measurement position(s) is located halfway between the test sample and the test chamber wall
The distance, or the distance of 1m from the test sample, whichever is smaller between these two positions.
6 Initial inspection
The test samples shall be inspected visually, size and function as specified in relevant specifications.
7 Test
7.1 Overview
During the exposure period, the temperature in the box should be raised or lowered at a rate of less than 1K/min and maintained at IEC 60068-2-1 or
A value recommended by IEC 60068-2-2 or a value specified in relevant specifications is given priority.
In procedure A, the temperature in the test chamber should start to rise 2h before the start of the irradiation period.
During the dark period of procedures A and B, the temperature in the test chamber should be lowered at a rate of less than 1K/min 5) and kept at 25°C. If you want to
The required temperature is lower than 25℃, then the temperature should be kept at the required temperature value.
4) Here, the original IEC "rate of 1K/min" is changed to "rate of less than 1K/min" for the same reason as footnote 3).
5) Same as 4).
The requirements for the relationship between irradiance, temperature and time are shown in Figure 2.During the entire specified test duration, the temperature in the test chamber should be maintained
10 Information to be given in the test report
When relevant specifications include this test, the following applicable details shall be given.
a) Testing laboratory (name and address, accreditation details, if any);
b) Test date (date when the test was conducted);
c) Customer (name and address);
d) Test type (procedure A, B, C);
e) Required test parameter values (temperature, humidity, exposure, etc.);
f) Test purpose (R&D, appraisal, etc.);
g) Test standard and version (GB/T 2423.24, version used);
h) Related laboratory test procedures (code and issue number);
i) Description of the test sample (engineering drawings, photos, quantity composition status, etc.);
j) Test box (manufacturer, model, unique code, etc.);
k) Test equipment performance (set point temperature control, etc.);
l) The uncertainty of the measurement system (uncertainty data);
m) Calibration date (the date of the last calibration and the next calibration);
n) Initial, intermediate and final inspections (initial, intermediate and final inspections);
o) The required severity level (obtained from relevant specifications);
p) The severity of the test (measurement points, data, etc.);
q) The performance of the test sample (function test results, etc.);
r) Observations and measures taken during the test (any relevant observations);
s) Test summary (test summary);
t) Distribution (distribution list).
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
Interpretation of test results
A.1 Compliance with specifications
The relevant specifications should specify the allowable external conditions and/or properties of the test sample after exposure to the required irradiance level for the specified duration.
Can change. In addition to these requirements, the following explanations can be considered.
A.2 Short-term effects
The main concern is the thermal effect. The short-term effects to be understood are mainly the nature of local overheating.
A.3 Long-term effects
The purpose of the long-term test is to determine the degradation mode. It has the following two purposes. observe whether there is an initial sharp change and evaluate
The effective life of the test sample.
A.4 Thermal effect
The maximum surface temperature and internal temperature reached by the test sample or equipment depends on.
a) ambient air temperature;
b) Irradiance;
c) air velocity;
d) Duration of exposure;
e) The thermal properties of the object itself, such as surface reflectance, size and shape, thermal conductivity and specific heat.
If the ambient temperature is as low as 35℃~40℃, the temperature of the equipment fully exposed to solar radiation can exceed 80℃. Object table
The reflectivity of the surface greatly affects the temperature rise that it is heated by the sun. For example, changing the coating from dark to bright white will reduce the temperature a lot.
On the contrary, it can be expected that the fresh paint layer used to lower the temperature will gradually deteriorate, which will cause the temperature to rise.
Most materials are selective reflectors, that is, their spectral reflectance varies with wavelength. For example, generally, the paint layer
Although the reflection efficiency in the visible light region may be high, but the reflection ability in the infrared region is poor. In addition, many materials are exposed to visible light (in human eyes).
It has a color perception) and the spectral reflectance in the near-infrared region changes drastically. Therefore, ensure the spectral energy of the radiation source used in the simulation test
The distribution is as accurate as possible to reproduce the spectral energy distribution of natural sunlight, or to adjust the irradiance to obtain the same heating effect.
very important.
A.5 Degradation of materials
The combined effects of solar radiation, atmospheric gases, temperature and humidity changes are often collectively referred to as "climate aging", which leads to most organic materials
(For example, plastic, rubber, coating, wood, etc.) aging and final destruction.
Many materials are satisfactory for use in temperate regions, but they are completely unsuitable for use in more unfavorable tropical regions. Typical lack
The trapped coating is rapidly degraded and cracked, the cable coating is cracked and broken, and the pigment is faded.
The damage of materials under the effect of weathering is usually not caused by a single reaction, but by several different types of independent reactions at the same time.
Caused by birth, often accompanied by mutual influence. Although solar radiation (mainly ultraviolet light, leading to photodegradation) is often the main cause of climate aging
Factors, but in fact its influence can hardly be separated from the influence of other weather aging factors. For example, the effect of ultraviolet radiation on PVC
The effect of ultraviolet radiation alone is not obvious here, but the sensitivity of polyvinyl chloride to thermal damage (oxygen may play a major role) is significant
improved.
Manual tests occasionally produce abnormal defects that do not occur in natural weathering. The reason can usually be classified as one of the following or
Several.
a) Many laboratory ultraviolet radiation sources and natural solar radiation have considerable differences in the spectral energy distribution;
b) When the ultraviolet radiation intensity, temperature, humidity and other factors are strengthened to obtain the acceleration effect, what happens under normal exposure conditions
The speed of individual reactions does not necessarily increase to the same extent;
c) Generally, manual tests do not simulate all natural weathering factors.
Appendix B
(Informative appendix)
Radiation source
B.1 Overview
The radiation source may include one or more lamps and related optical components, such as reflectors, filters, etc., to provide the required spectral distribution
And irradiance.
Depending on the location, time, irradiance, spectral distribution and radiant power, different lamps and different filters can be used.
B.2 Filter
The choice of filter depends on the radiation source, equipment and spectral distribution. At present, glass filters are preferred, although fundamentally, glass
Not as accurate as chemical solutions. It is necessary to use different thicknesses of glass to compensate for different irradiance through trial and error.
The glass filter is a special part, it is advisable to consult the manufacturer on how to choose a filter suitable for a specific purpose. The choice of filter depends on the radiation
Radio sources and methods of use.
When some glass infrared filters are exposed to excessive ultraviolet radiation, their spectral characteristics will change rapidly. This degradation can be achieved by
The installation of an ultraviolet filter between the radiation source and the infrared filter can be avoided to a large extent. Interference filter, through reflection instead of absorption
It works by receiving unwanted radiation, which can reduce the heating of the glass, and is generally more stable than an absorption filter.
B.3 Uniformity of irradiance
Due to the distance of the sun from the earth, the solar radiation on the surface of the earth is basically a parallel beam. Artificial light source and test sample
The exposed surface is relatively close, and a device to guide and focus the beam should be provided to obtain a uniform irradiance that meets the specified tolerance range on the measurement plane
[For example, 1120×(1±10%)W/m2]. The long arc lamp installed in the parabolic trough reflector is easier to obtain uniform radiation. Through exquisite
It is possible to obtain a certain degree of uniform irradiation on a large surface by using multiple lamps. It’s possible to use the turntable to get the same
Effect.
It is generally recommended to install the radiation source outside the test chamber, so as to avoid the deterioration of optical components, for example, affected by high humidity conditions.
It can also avoid contamination of test samples by ozone produced by certain types of lamps. In this case, the spectral transmittance of the transmission window material should be
consider.
It is usually not necessary to accurately align the direction of the radiation beam, unless the test sample is a special device such as a solar cell, a sun tracking device
Wait.
Appendix C
(Informative appendix)
gauge
C.1 Overview
The test equipment described in the ISO 4892 standard shall be used for the tests specified in this part of GB/T 2423.6)
6) According to the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2009, the informative appendix should not give the requirements, but the IEC text is the same. In addition, the test equipment described in the ISO 4892 standard
The equipment includes xenon arc lamps, fluorescent ultraviolet lamps, carbon arc lamps and other light source exposure equipment. Except for xenon arc lamps, the spectral energy distribution of other light sources does not meet the requirements of Table 1.
Certainly. Hereby explain.
C.2 Irradiance measurement
The pyranometer is considered to be the most suitable instrument for monitoring irradiance. It is used to measure the total radiation of the sun and the sky on the horizontal plane.
Two types of instruments are suitable for measuring the radiation of simulated solar light sources, each of which relies on thermopile to work.
It is recommended to use the measuring instrument described in ISO 9370 to monitor the irradiance of the laboratory light source.
None of these measuring instruments can be significantly affected by the long-wave infrared radiation emitted by the test sample or test box.
C.3 Measurement of spectral distribution
The total irradiance is easy to measure, but the detailed measurement of the spectral characteristics is more difficult. The main spectral changes can be combined with a total pyranometer to select
The selected filter is checked by cheap daily measurement. But to check the detailed distribution characteristics of the equipment, you need to use sophisticated spectroscopy
Radiometer to measure.
The spectral characteristics of lamps, reflectors and filters will change after a period of time, which may cause the spectral distribution to seriously exceed the tolerance range.
Surrounding. Manufacturing tolerances mean that changing the lamp may cause an inadmissible change in the irradiance level relative to the initial set value. So regularly monitor
Measurement is necessary, but when there are test samples for testing, it may not be feasible to monitor the detailed spectral distribution in the test chamber.
C.4 Temperature measurement
Due to the high intensity of radiation, it is necessary to shield the temperature sensor sufficiently to prevent the influence of radiant heat. This is for the measurement test
Both the air temperature in the box and the temperature of the test sample or equipment measured are applicable.
When monitoring equipment temperature, sensors, such as thermocouples, should be installed on the inner surface of the enclosure rather than attached to the outer surface. Temperature indicating paint or wax discomfort
It is used to monitor the temperature of the irradiated surface of the test sample, because the absorption characteristics of the test sample may be inconsistent.
The highest temperature on the surface of the test sample can be measured with a black standard thermometer.
GB/T 2423.24-2013
Environmental testing - Part 2.Test methods - Test Sa. Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing
ICS 19.040
K04
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 2423.24-1995, GB/T 2424.14-1995
Environmental testing Part 2.Test methods
Test Sa. Simulate solar radiation on the ground
And its test guidelines
(IEC 60068-2-5.2010,Enviromentaltesting-Part 2-5.Tests-
Released on.2013-11-12 Implemented on.2014-03-07
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Issued by the National Standardization Administration of China
Table of contents
Foreword Ⅲ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 1
4 General description 2
5 Test conditions 3
6 Initial inspection 4
7 Test 4
8 Final inspection 6
9 Information that should be given by relevant specifications 6
10 Information to be given in the test report 7
Appendix A (informative appendix) Interpretation of test results 8
Appendix B (informative appendix) Radiation source 10
Appendix C (Informative Appendix) Measuring Instruments 11
Appendix NA (informative appendix) GB/T 2423 standard component 13
Reference 16
Environmental testing Part 2.Test methods
Test Sa. Simulate solar radiation on the ground
And its test guidelines
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 2423 provides guidance for testing equipment or components under solar radiation conditions.
The purpose of the test is to check the extent to which equipment or components are affected by solar radiation.
The comprehensive test method can detect changes in electrical, mechanical or other physical properties.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
IEC 60068-1 Environmental Testing Part 1.Overview and Guidelines (Environmental testing-Part 1.General and
guidance)
IEC 60068-2-1 Environmental testing Part 2-1.Test method Test A. Low temperature (Environmental testing-Part 2-
1.Tests-TestA.Cold)
IEC 60068-2-2 Environmental Testing Part 2-2.Test Method Test B. High Temperature (Environmentaltesting-Part 2-
2.Tests-TestB.Dryheat)
IEC 60068-2-78 Environmental Test Part 2-78.Test Method Test Cab. Steady State Humidity and Heat (Environmental
testing-Part 2-78.Tests-TestCab.Dampheat,steadystate)
CIE85.19891) Solar spectral irradiance (Solarspectralirradiance)
1) The original text of IEC is "CIE85.1985", and the year is wrong, so it is corrected to "CIE85.1989" here.
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions defined in IEC 60068-1 apply to this document.
3.1
Atmospheric optical quality airmass
The ratio of the path length of the light emitted by the celestial body through the earth’s atmosphere to the path length when the celestial body is at the zenith.
The amount is 1.
Note. The optical quality of the atmosphere is 1/sinγ, and γ is the sun's altitude angle.
3.2
Black standard temperature
The characteristic value of the surface temperature of the test sample.
Note. The black standard temperature is measured with a black standard thermometer (see ISO 4892-1).
Ozone and other polluting gases can significantly affect the degradation process of certain materials. Therefore, it is important to exhaust these gases from the test chamber, except
Non-related specifications require otherwise.
5.5 Surface contamination
Dust and other surface contaminants can significantly change the absorption characteristics of the irradiated surface. Unless otherwise required, the test sample should be in a clean
Under test conditions. However, if the impact of surface contaminants is to be evaluated, relevant specifications should include necessary information such as surface preparation.
5.6 Test sample installation
The test sample should be installed in a raised bracket, turntable or a known thermal conductivity and heat capacity in the test box according to the relevant specifications.
On the dedicated base, keep sufficient distance between the test samples to avoid blocking the radiation from the light source or prevent secondary radiant heat. Temperature sensing
The device should be attached to the test sample as required.
5.7 Test facility
The optical parts, lamps, reflectors and filters of the test equipment should be kept clean.
The irradiance on the specified measurement plane shall be measured before each test.
Any specified auxiliary environmental conditions such as ambient temperature, humidity, air flow rate or other parameters should be continuously performed throughout the test period.
monitor.
5.8 Test equipment
The test chamber for the test should be able to provide a light source that meets the spectral distribution specified in Table 1, and its radiation on the specified radiation measurement plane
The degree is 1120×(1±10%)W/m2.The irradiance value should include any radiation reflected from the test chamber and received by the test sample, but
The long-wave infrared radiation emitted by the test chamber should not be included.
The test chamber should be equipped with a device capable of maintaining the specified temperature, air velocity and humidity conditions.
The temperature measurement in the test box should be performed at one or several positions on a horizontal plane 0-50mm below the specified radiation measurement plane.
Yes, the temperature measuring device must be sufficiently shielded to prevent radiant heat, and the measurement position(s) is located halfway between the test sample and the test chamber wall
The distance, or the distance of 1m from the test sample, whichever is smaller between these two positions.
6 Initial inspection
The test samples shall be inspected visually, size and function as specified in relevant specifications.
7 Test
7.1 Overview
During the exposure period, the temperature in the box should be raised or lowered at a rate of less than 1K/min and maintained at IEC 60068-2-1 or
A value recommended by IEC 60068-2-2 or a value specified in relevant specifications is given priority.
In procedure A, the temperature in the test chamber should start to rise 2h before the start of the irradiation period.
During the dark period of procedures A and B, the temperature in the test chamber should be lowered at a rate of less than 1K/min 5) and kept at 25°C. If you want to
The required temperature is lower than 25℃, then the temperature should be kept at the required temperature value.
4) Here, the original IEC "rate of 1K/min" is changed to "rate of less than 1K/min" for the same reason as footnote 3).
5) Same as 4).
The requirements for the relationship between irradiance, temperature and time are shown in Figure 2.During the entire specified test duration, the temperature in the test chamber should be maintained
10 Information to be given in the test report
When relevant specifications include this test, the following applicable details shall be given.
a) Testing laboratory (name and address, accreditation details, if any);
b) Test date (date when the test was conducted);
c) Customer (name and address);
d) Test type (procedure A, B, C);
e) Required test parameter values (temperature, humidity, exposure, etc.);
f) Test purpose (R&D, appraisal, etc.);
g) Test standard and version (GB/T 2423.24, version used);
h) Related laboratory test procedures (code and issue number);
i) Description of the test sample (engineering drawings, photos, quantity composition status, etc.);
j) Test box (manufacturer, model, unique code, etc.);
k) Test equipment performance (set point temperature control, etc.);
l) The uncertainty of the measurement system (uncertainty data);
m) Calibration date (the date of the last calibration and the next calibration);
n) Initial, intermediate and final inspections (initial, intermediate and final inspections);
o) The required severity level (obtained from relevant specifications);
p) The severity of the test (measurement points, data, etc.);
q) The performance of the test sample (function test results, etc.);
r) Observations and measures taken during the test (any relevant observations);
s) Test summary (test summary);
t) Distribution (distribution list).
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
Interpretation of test results
A.1 Compliance with specifications
The relevant specifications should specify the allowable external conditions and/or properties of the test sample after exposure to the required irradiance level for the specified duration.
Can change. In addition to these requirements, the following explanations can be considered.
A.2 Short-term effects
The main concern is the thermal effect. The short-term effects to be understood are mainly the nature of local overheating.
A.3 Long-term effects
The purpose of the long-term test is to determine the degradation mode. It has the following two purposes. observe whether there is an initial sharp change and evaluate
The effective life of the test sample.
A.4 Thermal effect
The maximum surface temperature and internal temperature reached by the test sample or equipment depends on.
a) ambient air temperature;
b) Irradiance;
c) air velocity;
d) Duration of exposure;
e) The thermal properties of the object itself, such as surface reflectance, size and shape, thermal conductivity and specific heat.
If the ambient temperature is as low as 35℃~40℃, the temperature of the equipment fully exposed to solar radiation can exceed 80℃. Object table
The reflectivity of the surface greatly affects the temperature rise that it is heated by the sun. For example, changing the coating from dark to bright white will reduce the temperature a lot.
On the contrary, it can be expected that the fresh paint layer used to lower the temperature will gradually deteriorate, which will cause the temperature to rise.
Most materials are selective reflectors, that is, their spectral reflectance varies with wavelength. For example, generally, the paint layer
Although the reflection efficiency in the visible light region may be high, but the reflection ability in the infrared region is poor. In addition, many materials are exposed to visible light (in human eyes).
It has a color perception) and the spectral reflectance in the near-infrared region changes drastically. Therefore, ensure the spectral energy of the radiation source used in the simulation test
The distribution is as accurate as possible to reproduce the spectral energy distribution of natural sunlight, or to adjust the irradiance to obtain the same heating effect.
very important.
A.5 Degradation of materials
The combined effects of solar radiation, atmospheric gases, temperature and humidity changes are often collectively referred to as "climate aging", which leads to most organic materials
(For example, plastic, rubber, coating, wood, etc.) aging and final destruction.
Many materials are satisfactory for use in temperate regions, but they are completely unsuitable for use in more unfavorable tropical regions. Typical lack
The trapped coating is rapidly degraded and cracked, the cable coating is cracked and broken, and the pigment is faded.
The damage of materials under the effect of weathering is usually not caused by a single reaction, but by several different types of independent reactions at the same time.
Caused by birth, often accompanied by mutual influence. Although solar radiation (mainly ultraviolet light, leading to photodegradation) is often the main cause of climate aging
Factors, but in fact its influence can hardly be separated from the influence of other weather aging factors. For example, the effect of ultraviolet radiation on PVC
The effect of ultraviolet radiation alone is not obvious here, but the sensitivity of polyvinyl chloride to thermal damage (oxygen may play a major role) is significant
improved.
Manual tests occasionally produce abnormal defects that do not occur in natural weathering. The reason can usually be classified as one of the following or
Several.
a) Many laboratory ultraviolet radiation sources and natural solar radiation have considerable differences in the spectral energy distribution;
b) When the ultraviolet radiation intensity, temperature, humidity and other factors are strengthened to obtain the acceleration effect, what happens under normal exposure conditions
The speed of individual reactions does not necessarily increase to the same extent;
c) Generally, manual tests do not simulate all natural weathering factors.
Appendix B
(Informative appendix)
Radiation source
B.1 Overview
The radiation source may include one or more lamps and related optical components, such as reflectors, filters, etc., to provide the required spectral distribution
And irradiance.
Depending on the location, time, irradiance, spectral distribution and radiant power, different lamps and different filters can be used.
B.2 Filter
The choice of filter depends on the radiation source, equipment and spectral distribution. At present, glass filters are preferred, although fundamentally, glass
Not as accurate as chemical solutions. It is necessary to use different thicknesses of glass to compensate for different irradiance through trial and error.
The glass filter is a special part, it is advisable to consult the manufacturer on how to choose a filter suitable for a specific purpose. The choice of filter depends on the radiation
Radio sources and methods of use.
When some glass infrared filters are exposed to excessive ultraviolet radiation, their spectral characteristics will change rapidly. This degradation can be achieved by
The installation of an ultraviolet filter between the radiation source and the infrared filter can be avoided to a large extent. Interference filter, through reflection instead of absorption
It works by receiving unwanted radiation, which can reduce the heating of the glass, and is generally more stable than an absorption filter.
B.3 Uniformity of irradiance
Due to the distance of the sun from the earth, the solar radiation on the surface of the earth is basically a parallel beam. Artificial light source and test sample
The exposed surface is relatively close, and a device to guide and focus the beam should be provided to obtain a uniform irradiance that meets the specified tolerance range on the measurement plane
[For example, 1120×(1±10%)W/m2]. The long arc lamp installed in the parabolic trough reflector is easier to obtain uniform radiation. Through exquisite
It is possible to obtain a certain degree of uniform irradiation on a large surface by using multiple lamps. It’s possible to use the turntable to get the same
Effect.
It is generally recommended to install the radiation source outside the test chamber, so as to avoid the deterioration of optical components, for example, affected by high humidity conditions.
It can also avoid contamination of test samples by ozone produced by certain types of lamps. In this case, the spectral transmittance of the transmission window material should be
consider.
It is usually not necessary to accurately align the direction of the radiation beam, unless the test sample is a special device such as a solar cell, a sun tracking device
Wait.
Appendix C
(Informative appendix)
gauge
C.1 Overview
The test equipment described in the ISO 4892 standard shall be used for the tests specified in this part of GB/T 2423.6)
6) According to the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2009, the informative appendix should not give the requirements, but the IEC text is the same. In addition, the test equipment described in the ISO 4892 standard
The equipment includes xenon arc lamps, fluorescent ultraviolet lamps, carbon arc lamps and other light source exposure equipment. Except for xenon arc lamps, the spectral energy distribution of other light sources does not meet the requirements of Table 1.
Certainly. Hereby explain.
C.2 Irradiance measurement
The pyranometer is considered to be the most suitable instrument for monitoring irradiance. It is used to measure the total radiation of the sun and the sky on the horizontal plane.
Two types of instruments are suitable for measuring the radiation of simulated solar light sources, each of which relies on thermopile to work.
It is recommended to use the measuring instrument described in ISO 9370 to monitor the irradiance of the laboratory light source.
None of these measuring instruments can be significantly affected by the long-wave infrared radiation emitted by the test sample or test box.
C.3 Measurement of spectral distribution
The total irradiance is easy to measure, but the detailed measurement of the spectral characteristics is more difficult. The main spectral changes can be combined with a total pyranometer to select
The selected filter is checked by cheap daily measurement. But to check the detailed distribution characteristics of the equipment, you need to use sophisticated spectroscopy
Radiometer to measure.
The spectral characteristics of lamps, reflectors and filters will change after a period of time, which may cause the spectral distribution to seriously exceed the tolerance range.
Surrounding. Manufacturing tolerances mean that changing the lamp may cause an inadmissible change in the irradiance level relative to the initial set value. So regularly monitor
Measurement is necessary, but when there are test samples for testing, it may not be feasible to monitor the detailed spectral distribution in the test chamber.
C.4 Temperature measurement
Due to the high intensity of radiation, it is necessary to shield the temperature sensor sufficiently to prevent the influence of radiant heat. This is for the measurement test
Both the air temperature in the box and the temperature of the test sample or equipment measured are applicable.
When monitoring equipment temperature, sensors, such as thermocouples, should be installed on the inner surface of the enclosure rather than attached to the outer surface. Temperature indicating paint or wax discomfort
It is used to monitor the temperature of the irradiated surface of the test sample, because the absorption characteristics of the test sample may be inconsistent.
The highest temperature on the surface of the test sample can be measured with a black standard thermometer.
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