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GB/T 43462-2023: Technical guide for black-start of electrochemical energy storage
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT43462-2023GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 27.180 CCS F 19 Technical Guide for Black-start of Electrochemical Energy Storage ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 28, 2023 IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2024 Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 1 Scope ... 4 2 Normative References ... 4 3 Terms and Definitions ... 4 4 Overall Requirements ... 5 5 Technical Conditions for Black-start ... 6 6 Black-start Preparation ... 9 7 Self-starting ... 10 8 Starting of Power Generation Equipment ... 10 9 Restoration of Transformer Substation Black-start Power Supply ... 12 Appendix A (informative) Typical Black-start Mode ... 14 Appendix B (informative) Content of Black-start Scheme ... 17 Technical Guide for Black-start of Electrochemical Energy Storage1 Scope
This document specifies the overall requirements and technical conditions for the black-start of electrochemical energy storage, as well as the technical requirements for the black-start, such as: black-start preparation, self-starting, starting power generation equipment and restoring transformer substation black-start power supply, etc. This document applies to the planning, design, test and operation of electrochemical energy storage systems or power stations with black-start capability and that can serve as black-start power sources.2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document. GB/T 36558 General Technical Requirements for Electrochemical Energy Storage System of Power System GB/T 38334 Technical Specification for Black-start of Hydropower Station GB/T 50064 Code for Design of Overvoltage Protection and Insulation Coordination for AC Electrical Installations GB 51048 Design Code for Electrochemical Energy Storage Station DL/T 2528 Basic Terminology of Electrical Energy Storage3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in DL/T 2528 and the following are applicable to this document. 3.1 black-start of electrochemical energy storage After a large-scale power outage in the power system, in the absence of external power support, the process, in which, the electrochemical energy storage system or power station with black- start capability in the system is used to start the connected power generation equipment or restore power supply to the transformer substation equipment. 3.2 black-start time The time from when the power generation equipment or transformer substation loses the working power supply for station service and backup power supply to when the power generation equipment or transformer substation is capable of restoring power supply to the grid connection point.4 Overall Requirements
4.1 In accordance with the grid connection point, start object and path of the electrochemical energy storage system or power station, the electrochemical energy storage black-start can be divided into two types: starting the power generation equipment and restoring the transformer substation black-start power supply. The typical black-start mode is shown in Appendix A. 4.2 The planning and layout of the black-start electrochemical energy storage system or power station shall be coordinated with the black-start power supply layout and path planning for its access to the power grid. 4.3 The design of electrochemical energy storage stations shall meet the requirements of GB 51048 and GB/T 36558. During the black-start process, the power configuration required for the black-start of the electrochemical energy storage station shall satisfy the sum of demands for normal load and impact load, and the energy configuration shall meet the sum of electricity demands in each stage. 4.4 The black-start time of an electrochemical energy storage station should not be greater than 2 hours. 4.5 When an electrochemical energy storage station is used as a black-start power source, the discharge energy required for the black-start shall be reserved during normal operation. 4.6 Electrochemical energy storage stations that have passed the black-start test and are capable of providing black-start services shall sign a black-start agreement with the grid dispatching institution. 4.7 The grid dispatching institution shall calculate the black-start range and recovery path of the electrochemical energy storage station and formulate a power grid black-start plan. 4.8 A black-start scheme shall be formulated for a black-start energy storage station. The content of the scheme is shown in Appendix B. In addition, black-start capability tests shall be regularly conducted. Equipment related to black-start shall be re-tested after overhaul or technical transformation. 4.9 Black-start energy storage stations shall organize black-start emergency plan drills every year to familiarize themselves with various operations, shorten the black-start time, and revise less than the continuous electricity consumption of 15 minutes for station service. 5.1.5 The energy storage converter control system of the energy storage unit used for self- starting and the battery management system should have the capability of self-drawing power on the DC side. 5.1.6 The uninterruptible power supply capacity of the electrochemical energy storage stations shall meet the demands of important loads, such as: the self-starting energy storage converter control system and battery management system, energy storage station computer monitoring system, emergency lighting, fire protection system, etc., and the continuous power supply time should not be less than 2 h. 5.1.7 The electrochemical energy storage stations should be equipped with an independent busbar for station service. The incoming switch for station service should be equipped with the series switching function for power failure and parallel switching function for power restoration. At least two independent power supply routes should be configured from the power supply for station service to the self-starting energy storage unit. 5.1.8 The capacity of the energy storage unit used for zero-start voltage boosting shall not be less than the sum of the no-load loss and cable loss of the boosting transformer, station transformer, and transformer in the zero-start voltage boosting starting electrical path of the energy storage station. 5.2 Starting of Synchronous Generator Set 5.2.1 The power configuration for the starting of the generator set of the electrochemical energy storage station shall meet the following requirements: a) The rated power of the energy storage station is not less than the maximum load power for station service required at each stage of the black-start of the generator set; b) The overload capacity of the energy storage station meets the total power when the maximum impact load for station service starts up; c) When starting a single motor with the maximum power in the station, the isolated grid bus voltage is not lower than 80% of the rated voltage, and the transient process is not lower than 70% of the rated voltage. For motors with special starting voltage requirements, the requirements of the equipment manufacturer are satisfied; d) When starting a single motor with the maximum power in the station, the frequency fluctuation of the isolated grid bus does not exceed 1 Hz. 5.2.2 The capacity configuration of the electrochemical energy storage station shall satisfy the electricity demand for completing the entire black-start process of the generator set. 5.2.3 The control and protection systems of the generator set for the starting of the electrochemical energy storage station, as well as the station lighting, shall satisfy the requirements of GB/T 38334. 5.2.4 The synchronization point between the electrochemical energy storage station and the generator set should be the original synchronization grid connection point of the generator set. 5.3 Starting of Wind Turbine or Photovoltaic Power Generation Unit 5.3.1 The power configuration for the black-start of the wind turbine or photovoltaic power generation unit of the electrochemical energy storage station shall meet the following requirements: a) The rated discharge power of the energy storage station is not less than the electrical load for station service of the wind power station or photovoltaic power station; b) The rated reactive power of the energy storage station is not less than the sum of the charge reactive power of all lines on the electrical path from the started wind turbine or photovoltaic power generation unit to the energy storage system; c) The overload capacity of the energy storage station meets the impact current of the started wind turbine or photovoltaic power generation unit; d) When starting a single wind turbine or photovoltaic power generation unit, the frequency and voltage of the isolated grid do not exceed the frequency and voltage operating ranges of the wind turbine or photovoltaic power generation unit. 5.3.2 The capacity configuration of electrochemical energy storage stations shall meet the power supply range and time requirements for the stable operation of isolated grid loads, and should take into account the volatility and uncertainty of wind and solar resources. 5.3.3 Electrochemical energy storage stations, wind power stations and photovoltaic power stations should be equipped with a wind and solar storage joint monitoring system. In accordance with the wind power and photovoltaic forecasts, and actual power and the available energy for storage, the control targets of the wind and solar storage sub-systems shall be reasonably allocated to maintain the frequency and voltage of the isolated grid within a reasonable range. 5.3.4 During the zero-start voltage boosting process, the control strategies of the dynamic reactive power compensation device of the electrochemical energy storage station and the wind power station or photovoltaic power station shall be coordinated to avoid abnormal voltage fluctuations or oscillations. 5.3.5 The short-circuit impedance from the electrochemical energy storage station to the started wind turbine or photovoltaic power generation unit shall satisfy the short-circuit impedance requirements for the operation of the wind turbine or photovoltaic power generation unit. 5.3.6 The wind power station or photovoltaic power station should analyze and evaluate the oscillation risk of the electrochemical energy storage station and the wind power station or7 Self-starting
7.1 After the black-start conditions are satisfied, the electrochemical energy storage station shall be self-started first. 7.2 Before self-starting of the electrochemical energy storage station, it shall be confirmed that the uninterruptible power supply of the energy storage station is properly working, and the computer monitoring system, emergency lighting and fire protection system of the energy storage station are properly working. 7.3 After the self-starting conditions are satisfied, the electrochemical energy storage station can be self-started in accordance with the following steps: a) Set the energy storage station to off-grid operation mode; b) Adjust the protection parameters related to the start object to the black-start mode; c) Close the switch from the self-starting energy storage unit to the power supply line for station service; d) Start the self-starting energy storage unit; e) The electrical load power supply for station service is switched in parallel from the uninterruptible power supply to the self-starting energy storage unit; f) Restore all electrical loads for station service, such as: the air conditioning system and ventilation system, etc. of the energy storage station; g) The energy storage station completes self-starting and has the ability to start the power generation equipment or restore black-start power supply to the transformer substation.8 Starting of Power Generation Equipment
8.1 Starting of Generator Set 8.1.1 After the self-starting of the electrochemical energy storage station connected to the low- voltage side of the transformer for station service, the energy storage station can be operated to boost the voltage from zero with isolated grid in accordance with the following steps: a) Confirm that the generator set has the conditions for starting; b) Exit the undervoltage protection of the energy storage converter; c) Adjust the operation mode, so that the energy storage unit with zero-start voltage boosting is only connected to the energy storage station boosting transformer, station transformer, station service transformer of the black-start unit, and the main transformer of the unit; d) The above-mentioned energy storage units are synchronously equipped with the energy storage station boosting transformer, station transformer, station service transformer of black-start unit, and main transformer for zero-start voltage boosting; e) After reaching the rated voltage, the energy storage converter undervoltage protection is activated, and other energy storage units are activated in turn. 8.1.2 After the isolated grid voltage is stabilized, the electrical load power supply for station service of the energy storage station can be switched in parallel from the self-starting energy storage unit to the station transformer, and the self-starting energy storage unit can be re- integrated into the voltage boosting to low-voltage side bus of the energy storage station. 8.1.3 After the electrical load of the energy storage station is switched to normal power supply mode, the generator set can be started in accordance with the following steps: a) In accordance with the black-start scheme, gradually restore the necessary electrical load for station service; b) Start the black-start unit to full speed and no-load state; c) Synchronous closing of the starting unit and the energy storage station; d) Switch the energy storage station control mode to the grid-connected operation mode; e) After stable operation, gradually restore other electrical loads of the power station; f) Adjust the voltage at the grid connection point to ensure that the power frequency overvoltage and switching overvoltage at the end of the line when charging the power station outgoing line satisfy the requirements of GB/T 50064; g) After confirmation with the grid dispatching institution, close the power station outgoing line switch to complete the charging of the power station outgoing line. 8.2 Starting of Wind Turbines or Photovoltaic Power Generation Units 8.2.1 After the self-starting of the electrochemical energy storage station connected to the wind power / photovoltaic station, the wind turbine or photovoltaic power generation unit can be started at an appropriate time in accordance with the wind and solar resource forecasts and the energy of the energy storage station. The energy storage station can be operated to boost the voltage from zero with isolated grid in accordance with the following steps: a) Confirm that the selected wind turbine or photovoltaic power generation unit meets the conditions for starting; b) Exit the undervoltage protection of the energy storage converter; zero-start voltage boosting with isolated grid, which can be operated in accordance with the following steps: a) Activate or exit the protective pad related to the black-start in the transformer substation; b) Activate the automatic control devices in the transformer substation related to the black-start; c) Exit the energy storage converter undervoltage protection; d) Adjust the operation mode, so that the energy storage unit with zero-start voltage boosting is only connected to the energy storage station boosting transformer, station transformer, main transformer of the transformer substation, and busbar of the transformer substation; e) The energy storage unit is synchronously equipped with the energy storage station boosting transformer, station transformer, and transformer substation main transformer to boost voltage from zero; f) After reaching the rated voltage, the energy storage converter undervoltage protection is activated, and other energy storage units are started in turn. 9.2 After the isolated grid voltage is stabilized, the electrical load power supply for station service of the energy storage station can be switched in parallel from the self-starting energy storage unit to the station transformer, and the self-starting energy storage unit can be re- integrated into the voltage boosting to low-voltage side bus of the energy storage station. 9.3 After the electrical load of the energy storage station is switched to normal power supply mode, the black-start power supply of the transformer substation can be restored in accordance with the following steps: a) Restore the electrical load of the transformer substation; b) Adjust the voltage of the electrochemical energy storage station to ensure that the power frequency overvoltage and switching overvoltage at the end of the line when charging the transformer substation outgoing line satisfy the requirements of GB/T 50064; c) After confirmation with the grid dispatching institution, close the transformer substation outgoing line switch to complete the charging of the outgoing line. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
