GB/T 18883-2022 PDF English (GB/T 18883-2002: Older version)

GB/T18883-2022 (GBT18883-2022): PDF in English

GB/T 18883-2022 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 13.040.01 CCS C 51 Replacing GB/T 18883-2002 Standards for Indoor Air Quality ISSUED ON: JULY 11, 2022 IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 1, 2023 Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Table of Contents Foreword ... 3 1 Scope ... 5 2 Normative References ... 5 3 Terms and Definitions ... 6 4 Requirements for Indoor Air Quality ... 7 5 Determination and Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Indicators ... 8 Appendix A (normative) Technical Guideline for Indoor Air Quality Indicator Testing ... 10 Appendix B (normative) Determination of Formaldehyde ... 18 Appendix C (normative) Determination of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene ... 23 Appendix D (normative) Determination of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) ... 39 Appendix E (normative) Determination of Benzo [a] pyrene in Inhalable Particulate Matter ... 48 Appendix F (normative) Determination of Inhalable Particulate Matter and Fine Particulate Matter ... 53 Appendix G (normative) Determination of Total Number of Bacteria ... 57 Appendix H (normative) Determination of Radon ... 59 Bibliography ... 68 Standards for Indoor Air Quality 1 Scope This document specifies the physical, chemical, biological and radioactive indicators and requirements of indoor air quality, and describes the determination methods of each indicator. This document is applicable to residential and office buildings. Other indoor environments may take this document as a reference. 2 Normative References The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document through the normative references in this text. In terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document. GB 3095-2012 Ambient Air Quality Standard GB/T 12372 Standard Method for Examination of Nitrogen Dioxide in Air of Residential Areas - Modified Saltzman Method GB/T 14669 Air Quality - Determination of Ammonia - Ion Selective Electrode Method GB/T 15435 Ambient Air - Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide - Saltzman Method GB/T 16128 Standard Method for Hygienic Examination of Sulfur Dioxide in Air of Residential Areas - Formaldehyde Solution Sampling - Pararosaniline Hydrochloride Spectrophotometric Method GB/T 16129 Standard Method for Hygienic Examination of Formaldehyde in Air of Residential Areas - Spectrophotometric Method GB/T 18204.1 Examination Methods for Public Places - Part 1: Physical Parameters GB/T 18204.2 Examination Methods for Public Places - Part 2: Chemical Pollutants GB/T 27476.5 Safety in Testing Laboratories - Part 5: Chemical Aspects GB/T 32465 Requirements for Verification & Validation of Detection Methods and Internal Quality Control on Chemical Analysis HJ 93 Specifications and Test Procedures for PM10 and PM2.5 Sampler Appendix A (normative) Technical Guideline for Indoor Air Quality Indicator Testing A.1 Overview This guideline specifies the point layout, sampling time and frequency, sampling instruments, sampling methods, sampling records, sample transportation and storage, inspection methods, quality assurance measures, result calculation and expression, and laboratory safety of indoor air quality indicator testing. If there are clarified requirements in the determination methods of the various indoor air quality indicators, the determination methods shall prevail; if there are no requirements, this guideline may be taken as a reference. A.2 Point Layout A.2.1 Environmental requirements Before sampling, the doors and windows, air purification equipment and fresh air system shall be closed for at least 12 h. During sampling, the doors and windows, air purification equipment and fresh air system shall remain closed. In the indoor environment where the air conditioner is used, the air conditioner shall be kept in normal operation. The measurement of physical indicators and indoor radon measurement (solid nuclear track measurement method), as well as other measurements that fail to satisfy the aforementioned requirements shall be carried out under the normal use of the house. A.2.2 Number of sampling points The number of sampling points shall be determined in accordance with the indoor area and site conditions being monitored to correctly reflect the level of indoor air pollutants. For a single room with an area less than 25 m2, 1 point shall be set; for a single room with an area 25 m2 ~ 50 m2 (not included), 2 ~ 3 points shall be set; for a single room with an area 50 m2 ~ 100 m2 (not included), 3 ~ 5 points shall be set; for a single room 100 m2 and above, at least 5 points shall be set. A.2.3 Layout mode For single-point sampling, lay out the point in the center of the house; for multi-point sampling, the points shall be evenly distributed diagonally or in a quincunx pattern. The sampling point shall avoid ventilation openings and heat sources; the distance from the wall shall be greater than 0.5 m; the distance from the doors and windows shall be greater than 1 m. A.2.4 Height of sampling point In principle, it shall be consistent with the height of the adult’s breathing zone, and the relative height shall be between 0.5 m ~ 1.5 m. If conditions permit, in consideration of the breathing height of the sitting and lying state and the child’s height, the sampling at a relative height of 0.3 m ~ 0.6 m shall be added. A.3 Sampling Time and Frequency For the annual average concentration (for example, radon), conduct the sampling for at least 3 months (including winter); for the 24-hour average concentration (such as: benzo [a] pyrene, PM2.5 and PM10, etc.), conduct the sampling for at least 20 h; for the 8-h average concentration, conduct the sampling for at least 6 h; for the 1-h average concentration, conduct the sampling for 45 min; in accordance with different determination methods, continuous or interval sampling can be conducted. A.4 Sampling Instrument In accordance with the existence of the various indicators in the indoor air, select an appropriate equipment. The noise of the instrument and equipment shall generally be less than 50 dB(A); if the noise is too loud, the indoor noise shall be reduced through the mode of installing sound- absorbing boxes. A.5 Sampling Methods A.5.1 General requirements The sampling methods of the various indicators shall take the specific stipulations in the determination method as a reference. On the basis of the method applicability verification, the sampling method parameters, including sampling volume, sampling flow rate and sampling time, can be appropriately adjusted to satisfy the testing requirements for the indoor air quality indicators. The annual average and 8-hour average indicators are required. If the determination method allows, the screening method can be adopted first for the sampling. If the test results comply with the requirements of the indicators, they can be directly evaluated; if they fail to comply with the requirements, the cumulative method shall be adopted for the sampling. For benzo [a] pyrene, PM2.5 and PM10 that adopt the 24-h average, due to the limitation of the determination method, the screening method cannot be adopted, and the cumulative method needs to be directly adopted. A.5.2 Sampling with screening method For the screening method, the sampling should be conducted for 45 min. If a direct-reading instrument is used, the sampling interval is 10 min ~ 15 min; each point is monitored at least 4 ~ 5 times; the final result is expressed as a time-weighted average. Under special circumstances (for example, radon), in accordance with the requirements of different determination methods, the sampling shall be conducted for at least 24 h (consecutive measurement method) or 2 d ~ 7 d (activated carbon box measurement method). A.5.3 Sampling with cumulative method The on-site instruments shall comply with relevant national standards and technical requirements. Before use, they shall be verified or calibrated in accordance with the instructions. The flow rate of the sampling system shall be kept constant. Before and after sampling, it is necessary to calibrate with a qualified flowmeter under load conditions; the relative deviation between the two calibrations shall not exceed 5%, and the average value of the two results shall be taken as the actual value of the sampling flow. The samplers shall be calibrated on the site of sampling. A.9.3 On-site blank inspection During on-site sampling, at least two sampling tubes (membranes) and one group (six pieces) of culture plates shall be kept without sampling, and shall be treated the same as other sampling tubes (membranes) and culture plates as on-site blank during the sampling process; after sampling, they shall be sent to the laboratory together with other samples. During sample analysis, the on-site blank shall be determined at the same time. If the inspection result of the blank sample exceeds the quantification limit of the determination method, or if there are colonies growing on the culture plate of the blank sample, then, the batch of samples shall be invalid. A.9.4 Inspection of parallel samples During the collection of each batch of samples, parallel samples shall be collected, and the number of parallel samples shall not be less than 10%. When the number of samples is less than 10, at least one parallel sample shall be collected. The ratio of the absolute difference of the determined values of the parallel samples to the average value shall not exceed 20%. A.9.5 Other quality assurance measures The quality assurance measures shall run through the entire process of indoor air quality .......
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