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Basic data
| Standard ID | GB/T 17394.1-2025 (GB/T17394.1-2025) |
| Description (Translated English) | Metallic materials - Leeb hardness test - Part 1: Test method |
| Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) |
| Classification of Chinese Standard | H22 |
| Classification of International Standard | 77.040.10 |
| Word Count Estimation | 46,433 |
| Date of Issue | 2025-10-31 |
| Date of Implementation | 2026-05-01 |
| Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 17394.1-2014, GB/T 17394.4-2014 |
| Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China |
GB/T 17394.1-2025: Metallic materials - Leeb hardness test - Part 1: Test method
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 77.040.10
CCSH22
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 17394.1-2014 and GB/T 17394.4-2014
Leeb hardness test of metallic materials
Part 1.Test Methods
Metalicmaterials-Leebhardnesstest-Part 1.Testmethod
(ISO 16859-1.2015, MOD)
Published on 2025-10-31
Implemented on May 1, 2026
State Administration for Market Regulation
The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.
Table of contents
Preface III
Introduction IV
1.Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3.Terms and Definitions 1
4.Experimental Principle 1
5.Symbols and Explanations 1
6.Testing instruments 2
7 Sample 3
8.Experimental Procedure 4
9.Measurement uncertainty of test results 5
10 Test Reports 5
11 Conversion of other hardness scales or tensile strength values 5
Appendix A (Normative) Table 7 Correction Factors for Non-Gravity Direction Tests
Appendix B (Informative) Structure of Leeb Hardness Tester 11
Appendix C (Normative) Routine Inspection of Hardness Tester by Users 13
Appendix D (Normative) Measurement Uncertainty of Leeb Hardness Test Results 14
Appendix E (Informative) Leeb Hardness Value Conversion Table 19
References 38
Foreword
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
Drafting.
This document is Part 1 of GB/T 17394 "Metallic materials, Leeb hardness test". GB/T 17394 has the following parts published.
---Part 1.Test Methods;
---Part 2.Inspection and Calibration of Hardness Testers;
---Part 3.Calibration of Standard Hardness Blocks
This document supersedes GB/T 17394.1-2014 "Metallic materials, Leeb hardness test - Part 1.Test method" and GB/T 17394.4-
2014 "Metallic Materials - Leeb Hardness Test - Part 4.Hardness Value Conversion Table". This document is based on GB/T 17394.1-2014 and is a complete version of GB/T 17394.1-2014.
It incorporates the content of GB/T 17394.4-2014.Compared with GB/T 17394.1-2014, apart from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical differences are...
The techniques have changed as follows.
---The Leeb hardness tester with a DC-type impact device has been removed (see Chapter 1 of the.2014 edition);
---The content of Chapter 4, Experimental Principles, has been revised (see Chapter 4, Chapter 3 of the.2014 edition);
---Increased the minimum mass for rigid support (see Table 2);
---Added conversions for other hardness scales or tensile strength values (see Chapter 11);
---A table of correction coefficients for non-gravity direction tests has been added to Appendix A (see Appendix A);
--- An informative Appendix E, Leeb hardness value conversion table, has been added (see Appendix E).
This document is modified to adopt ISO 16859-1.2015 "Metallic materials - Leeb hardness test - Part 1.Test method".
Compared with ISO 16859-1.2015, this document has undergone the following structural adjustments.
---A chapter on "Terms and Definitions" has been added;
---Informative Appendix E has been added;
---The order of Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D has been changed.
The main technical differences between this document and ISO 16859-1.2015, and the reasons therefor, are as follows.
---The symbol "h" has been added to Table 1 to indicate the "maximum distance between the ball head and the sample surface at the measured velocity".
---The requirements for hardness tester calibration have been added, and JJG747 (see 6.4) has been referenced.
---The word 'h' in Figure D.2 of Annex D of ISO 16859-1.2015 has been removed.
The following editorial changes have been made to this document.
---The formatting of Table 4 has been changed;
--- An informative appendix, Appendix E, has been added, which includes a conversion table for Leeb hardness values.
Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC183).
This document was drafted by. Steel Research Institute of Nake Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Special Equipment Science Research Institute, and Zhejiang Jinzhou Pipeline Technology Co., Ltd.
Technology Co., Ltd., Metallurgical Industry Information and Standardization Research Institute, Hengyang Valin Steel Pipe Co., Ltd., Beijing Institute of Metrology and Testing, Suzhou
Thermal Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., and Angelis Materials Technology (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document are. Gao Yifei, Tang Jie, Wang Ningxi, Chen Kai, Hou Huining, He Le, Dong Haitao, Xiang Zhi, Zhang Dongxin, Dong Li, and Jin Boying.
Xia Xianxi, Guo Bicheng, Lai Yunting, Wen Chaohui.
The release history of this document and the document it replaces is as follows.
GB/T 17394 was first published in.1998 and revised for the first time in.2014 as GB/T 17394.1-2014;
---This is the second revision, incorporating the content of GB 17394.4.
Introduction
GB/T 17394, "Metallic Materials - Leeb Hardness Test", aims to standardize the Leeb hardness test methods for metallic materials, as well as the inspection and calibration of hardness testers.
The content includes the calibration and hardness values of standard hardness blocks.
GB/T 17394 consists of three parts.
---Part 1.Test Methods. The purpose is to establish the procedures and methods to be followed in the Leeb hardness test.
---Part 2.Inspection and Calibration of Leeb Hardness Testers. The purpose is to determine the technical requirements that Leeb hardness testers must meet and their inspection and calibration procedures.
method.
---Part 3.Calibration of Standard Hardness Blocks. The purpose is to determine the technical requirements and calibration methods that Leeb standard hardness blocks must meet.
Leeb hardness test of metallic materials
Part 1.Test Methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the use of Leeb hardness testers equipped with seven impact devices (C, D, DL, D15, E, G, and S types) to determine the hardness of metals.
The testing principle, testing instruments, specimens, testing procedures, measurement uncertainty of test results, test reports, and other aspects of Leeb hardness testing for materials.
Conversion of scale or tensile strength value.
This document applies to Leeb hardness testers equipped with C, D, DL, D15, E, G, and S type impact devices, as shown in Table 1.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.
For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
This document.
GB/T 17394.2 Metallic materials – Leeb hardness testing – Part 2.Inspection and calibration of hardness testers (GB/T 17394.2-
2022, ISO 16859-2.2015, MOD)
GB/T 17394.3 Metallic materials – Leeb hardness test – Part 3.Calibration of standard hardness blocks (GB/T 17394.3-
2022, ISO 16859-3.2015, MOD)
JJG747 Leeb Hardness Tester
3 Terms and Definitions
This document does not contain any terms or definitions that need to be defined.
4.Experimental Principle
When testing hardness according to Leeb, it is assumed that the impactor will not permanently deform, and the moving impactor collides with the sample surface at a normal angle of incidence.
Rebound, expressed as the ratio of the rebound velocity (νR) of the impactor to the impact velocity (νA), represents the Leeb hardness of a material.
Leeb hardness HL is calculated according to formula (1).
HL=1000
νR
νA
(1)
νR --- Impact rebound velocity;
νA --- Impact velocity of the impactor.
By definition, Leeb hardness is a dimensionless quantity.
Note. Leeb refers to the Leeb hardness test method, which was first proposed by Dr. Leeb of Switzerland.
5.Symbols and Explanations
5.1 Common types of Richter scales and impact devices are shown in Table 1.
...
