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SJ/T 11467-2022: (Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Products)
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(Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Products)
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SJ/T 11467-2022
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[SJ/Z 11467-2014] Risk of risk assessment for hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products
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Basic data | Standard ID | SJ/T 11467-2022 (SJ/T11467-2022) | | Description (Translated English) | (Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Products) | | Sector / Industry | Electronics Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | L10 | | Classification of International Standard | 31.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 23,248 | | Date of Issue | 2022-09-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2023-01-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology | | Summary | This standard specifies the main risk source identification methods for hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products, as well as the risk analysis and evaluation methods, and also specifies the risk response decision-making, risk monitoring and review. This standard applies to the risk assessment of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products. | SJ/T 11467-2014: [SJ/Z 11467-2014] Risk of risk assessment for hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Guide of risk assessment for hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products
ICS 31.020
L10
Guidance Technical Documents of the Electronic Industry of the People's Republic of China
Guidance on risk assessment of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products
Issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China
Directory
Preface III
Introduction IV
1 Scope 1
2 normative reference document 1
3 Terms and definitions 1
4 General 3
5 Identification of risk 3
5.1 Overview 3
5.2 Material risk 3
5.3 Purchasing risk 4
5.4 Process risk 4
5.5 Logistics risk 5
6 Risk analysis and evaluation 6
6.1 Overview 6
6.2 Quantification of risk 6
6.2.1 Basis and form of risk quantification 6
6.2.2 Multi-risk comprehensive quantification 6
6.3 Risk Level 8
6.3.1 Risk Level Setting 8
6.3.2 Update and adjustment of risk level 8
7 Risk response 8
7.1 Decision-making basis 8
7.2 Risk response measures 9
7.3 Monitoring and review of risk response measures 9
Appendix A (informative) Use X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) to assist in assessing the risk of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products 10
Appendix B (informative) Examples of Hazardous Substances Risk Assessment in Electrical and Electronic Products 14
Appendix C (informative) Typical examples of restricted substances in electrical and electronic products
Appendix D (informative) Statistics on the presence of restricted substances in parts and materials commonly used in electrical and electronic products 22
Reference 33
Foreword
This guidance technical document is prepared in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This guidance document is for reference only. The relevant technical documents on the recommendations and comments to the State Council Department of Electronics Industry Administration
Door reflected.
The guidance of the technical documents by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Department of electronic information products pollution prevention and control standards proposed.
The guidance technical documents by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Institute of Electronic Industry Standardization Institute.
The guidance of technical documents Drafting unit. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Electronics Industry Standardization Institute, Shenzhen 赛 West Information Technology Co., Ltd.,
Tyco Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Hong Fujin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., satisfied excellent Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen
Detection Technology Co., Ltd., SGS Standard Technology Service Co., Ltd., Rhine Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen An Mute test technology
Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Hua Wei Measurement Technology Development Co., Ltd., Lenovo (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China Communication Technology Co., Ltd..
The main technical documents of the guiding staff. fruit Lai, Zheng Lu, Cao Fujian, Wu Haiyun, Yang Li Feng, Li Xinzhu, Chen Qian, He Yihua,
Gao Zhixiang, Zhang Jun, Chen Guanghua, Bian Zhengyun.
Introduction
At present, domestic and foreign environmental regulations on electronic and electrical products in the increasingly strict control of material requirements, to guide the relevant industries, in particular
Is the majority of small and medium enterprises to quickly identify the electrical and electronic products in the presence of harmful substances risk, effective control and reduce the cost of organization and management, special
Develop this guidance technical document.
Appendix A to Appendix D of this Guidance Technical Document are informative and provide assistance and reference for organizational identification and assessment of risks. Which attached
Record B lists examples of assessments from different organizations for reference only. It is noteworthy that, with the development of science and technology, Appendix C, Appendix D
The content may be updated.
Guidance on risk assessment of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products
1 Scope
This guidance document presents a risk identification method for hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products, as well as the
Risk assessment processes and methods.
This guidance technical document is applicable to the risk assessment of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products.
2 normative reference documents
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the date of the date is appropriate
For use in this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including all modifications) applies to this document.
GB/T XXXX Electronic and electrical products subject matter management system requirements
SJ/T YYYY-yyyy Terms for the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products
3 terms and definitions
SJ/T YYYY-yyyy and the following terms and definitions apply to this document. For ease of use, repeat the following columns
Out of SJ/T YYYY-yyyy in some of the terms and definitions.
3.1
Organization
Responsibilities, authority and interrelationships.
Examples. Companies, groups, firms, enterprises, research institutions, charities, agents, associations or parts or groups of organizations
Together
[GB/T 19000-2008, definition 3.3.1]
3.2
Electrical and electronic products
EEP
Rely on current or electromagnetic field work or to produce, transmit and measure current and electromagnetic field for the purpose of rated operating voltage in the
DC does not exceed 1500V, AC does not exceed 1000V equipment and ancillary products.
[SJ/T YYYY-yyyy, definition 2.1.1]
3.3
Hazardous substances
Electronic and electrical products contain harmful substances such as humans, animals and plants and the environment.
[SJ/T YYYY-yyyy, defined 2.2.3]
3.4
Restricted substance
Laws and regulations or customer requirements in the electrical and electronic products to limit the use of substances.
Note. "Containing limited substances" means that the content of the restricted substances in the product exceeds the limit of GB/T 26572.
[SJ/T YYYY-yyyy, definition 2.2.7]
3.5
Hazardous substance risk assessment of hazardous substance
The whole process of identifying, analyzing and evaluating the risk of hazardous substances.
Note 1. Risk is the extent to which hazardous substances are present in electrical and electronic products and their consequences.
Note 2. Hazardous substance risk identification is the process of discovering and describing the risks of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products.
Note 3. Hazardous substance risk analysis is the process of systematically applying relevant information to quantify the identified risks.
Note 4. Hazardous substance risk assessment is the result of risk analysis and the organization, the external environment, etc. to determine the severity of the risk,
As well as the process of the organization's acceptance and/or tolerance.
[SJ/T YYYY-yyyy, defined 2.2.6]
3.6
Production auxiliary material
Production of accessories
Directly used for product production, contribute to the formation of the product, and in the production process is consumed or consumed, and does not constitute a product
The main entities of various auxiliary materials, such as solder, flux, cleaning agents and so on.
3.7
Recycled material
The use of materials that have lost their original use value to be reused to obtain the value of the material.
[SJ/T YYYY-yyyy, defined 2.3.4]
4 General
Hazardous substances may be introduced at all stages of the life cycle of electrical and electronic products, and the risks should be identified first
Risk factors, the impact of the risk on the product environment compliance and impact. By analyzing the results with the inside and outside of the organization
Environment, the organization can take appropriate risk response measures.
When the organization's hazardous substance management system meets GB/T XXXX, the risk of the presence of hazardous substances in its products may be reduced.
The materials referred to in this guidance document include raw materials for production and procurement of components, components and components.
5 Identification of risk
5.1 Overview
Hazardous substances in the product identification should be through the product development, procurement, manufacturing, product delivery and other processes, in particular
Should pay attention to the following aspects of the risk factors.
5.2 Material risk
5.2.1 Due to material function, performance, cost and/or technical considerations, the product design process determines the product
It is possible to use materials containing harmful substances which produce the theoretical risk of the presence of harmful substances in the material.
Example. In order to enhance the surface oxidation resistance and anti-corrosion effect of the plating design, may cause hexavalent chromium content exceeding GB/T 26572
Limit the requirements.
5.2.2 The use of recycled/recycled materials may increase the risk of hazardous substances present in the material. If you are using recycled material
Material, due to its processing and other processes may be mixed with impurities containing harmful substances, etc., the product of harmful substances exist
More risky. In this case, the organization shall confirm that the material supplier has provided the relevant information in the document.
5.2.3 Material risk identification process, with the help of existing harmful substances detection data and related experience, but should pay attention to this
The impact of the uncertainty of the data on the results.
May cause uncertainties in the detection results, including but not limited to.
a) the splitting of the material. When the material is not easily split, it usually reduces the detection of harmful substances on the degree of recognition;
b) different pre-treatment methods and testing methods may make the test results are different, sometimes, the detection method is easy
The degree may also affect the test results;
c) the human factors such as the operator.
5.2.4 Material risk can be identified and evaluated by comprehensive analysis of risk factors for 5.2.1 to 5.2.3.
5.3 Procurement risk
5.3.1 Overview
Organizations in the procurement process to consider the risk of the material itself, as well as supplier risk two factors.
5.3.2 The organization's risk of hazardous substances in the procurement of materials can be identified by 5.2. If necessary, the organization may develop appropriate
Of the testing or verification program to further verify the risk of hazardous substances in the material.
5.3.3 Supplier risk may directly or indirectly affect the risk of hazardous substances in materials purchased by the organization, and therefore,
The identification of risk should also be an important factor in the risk of procurement and should be regularly monitored and re-identified and reviewed. for
Business risk assessment may take into account the following risk factors, but is not limited to.
a) Supplier's R & D capability;
b) the level of process control of the supplier;
c) the level of supplier control for its upstream supply chain;
d) Supplier's quality management system, especially hazardous substances control system;
e) experience with suppliers, such as a comprehensive assessment of the past results of the supplier, and/or whether the product purchased
Now do not meet the situation and so on.
5.4 Process risk
5.4.1 Overview
In the production of electrical and electronic products, the following risk factors may increase the risk of hazardous substances in finished/semi-finished products.
The organization should consider these risk factors in each production process.
5.4.2 Chemical reactions in the process
When there is a chemical reaction in the production process, it is important to focus on the risk assessment of the process, including.
a) the presence of hazardous substances in raw materials and production excipients used in the process (see 5.2);
b) chemical reaction conditions;
c) chemical reaction products, by-products of harmful substances in the situation.
Example 1. Pure tin plating is a high-risk process. According to the principle of electrochemical reaction, pure tin anode and electroplating solution of lead impurities, will pass
Electrophoresis is enriched on the tin plating layer, resulting in a lead content greater than that of the pure tin anode and the lead impurity in the plating solution, which may render the product incompatible
Limitations of GB/T 26572. The content of lead impurity in the anode and plating bath and the lead content in the tin coating have a certain correlation, and the current
Density and chemical properties of electroplating bath and other factors. The correlation of each electroplating process can be determined experimentally to determine pure tin anodes and electroplating
Control limits of lead impurities in liquids.
Example 2. Trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium can be converted by oxidation-reduction reaction, therefore, in the plating process, the product of the trivalent
Chromium oxidizes under certain conditions to form hexavalent chromium.
5.4.3 Risk assessment of residues
Residues on finished/semi-finished products are mainly derived from the production of residual materials in the process, or the reaction of the reaction process vice
Products, etc., the organization needs to be finished/semi-finished products may exist on the remaining considerations to consider the following risk factors.
a) the presence of hazardous substances in the residue;
b) the amount of residue;
c) chemical reactions that may result from changes in the residue due to heating or lighting conditions;
d) the distribution of residues. Such as in the finished product/semi-finished product surface, or dispersed in the homogeneous material.
Example. Flux, release agent, marking ink are high-risk production of auxiliary materials, which contain impurities in the lead if more than GB/T 26572,
The residue may affect the conformity of finished/semi-finished products.
5.4.4 Cross-contamination in the process
Electronic and electrical products in the production process, due to meet the different needs, the organization may exist and contain a variety of harmful substances
Different processes, which may cause cross-contamination will increase the risk of the presence of hazardous substances in finished/semi-finished products,
Focus on risk assessment, and can be used to label, etc., for different compliance status of the processes and tools, materials, etc.
To distinguish.
Risk factors for cross-contamination include.
a) a variety of materials sharing the machine, tools, containers, transport devices;
b) misuse of materials between different processes;
c) Residual contamination of hazardous substances when switching between multiple materials.
Example. When lead and lead-free plating share a set of equipment, lead-free lead-free plating, the common plating tank, plating pool, pipe, pump,
Valves can cause lead contamination.
5.4.5 Pollution of process tools
In the production process, due to the process tool and product contact, process tools in the harmful substances may migrate, increase
Risk of hazardous substances in finished/semi-finished products.
The organization should focus on the following risk factors.
a) the presence of harmful substances in the process tool itself;
b) the state of the process tool in contact with the finished product/semi-finished product, such as the presence of finished/semi-finished product, contact time, temperature
And other conditions, the risk is different.
Example. Conveyor belts used to deliver solid products are less risky of contaminating products; and oily pens are in contact with the product and are likely to be on the product
Have a certain degree of residue.
5.5 Logistics risk
Logistics risk is mainly due to out, into the warehouse, transportation and other logistics process and does not contain harmful substances/half
Cross-mix of finished products, the need to focus on risk assessment, and can use additional product identification methods (such as labels) to be
Distinguish products with different conformance status.
Some cases may be the logistics process of harmful substances caused by the residue of pollution.
Risk Analysis and Evaluation
6.1 Overview
Organizations according to 5.2 ~ 5.5 identified risk factors, by selecting the appropriate analytical method to determine the product of harmful substances in the wind
Insurance level, for the final risk assessment and risk response to provide input.
Quantifying and analyzing the risk factors is a more common form of risk analysis and evaluation. The organization can also choose the appropriate
Should be the other method, and a comprehensive analysis.
Risk analysis methods are usually not a single risk factor, but a combination of multiple risk factors for comprehensive analysis of the knot
fruit.
6.2 Quantification of risk
6.2.1 Basis and form of risk quantification
For the risks identified in 5.2 to 5.5, the organization may, depending on the cause, type and consequence of the risk, the probability of the risk
And the organization of existing management measures and existing data and other quantitative risk.
For a certain type of risk factors, the organization can also set the weight based on the extent and importance of its impact. Common risks
Quantitative forms are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Quantitative forms of risk
Risk category assessment criteria and scores
6.2.2 Multi-risk integrated quantification
6.2.2.1 Overview
When a comprehensive analysis of multiple risks, the organization can be based on the complexity of risk content and risk, the use of model,
Matrix methods, etc., and/or a combination of methods to quantify the overall risk of an aspect.
6.2.2.2 Model method
6.2.2.2.1 Product method
The multiplication method divides the scores of each risk with the weight of the product. The formula is given in formula (1).
Where.
R-risk analysis score;
n - the number of risks;
Fi-i risk score;
Wi-i risk weight (if no weight is set, then Wi = 1).
6.2.2.2.2 Accumulation or averaging method
Accumulation is the risk of the score and the weight of the product together to add the risk of the score. The formula is given in formula (2).
Where.
R-risk analysis score;
n - the number of risks;
Fi-i risk score;
Wi-i risk weight (if no weight is set, then Wi = 1).
You can also use the average method to calculate the risk score, that is, the result of the formula (2) divided by the number of risks.
6.2.2.3 Matrix method
Matrix method is through the two-dimensional matrix to determine the product risk of hazardous substances and risk levels. The method is to identify the two winds
Risk as the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively, and set the risk level, respectively, to form the evaluation matrix (see Figure 1).
Matrix method only applies to the comprehensive judgment of the two risks.
6.3 Risk level
6.3.1 Risk Level Setting
On the 6.2 quantification of the risk value, the organization can take a range of values, etc., set from low to high risk level.
6.3.2 Update and adjustment of risk level
Organizations need to focus on the following factors may cause 5.2 ~ 5.5 in the risk of updates, thus, the product of harmful substances in the wind
Insurance may also change. At this point, the organization should re-identify and analyze and adjust the relevant risk level.
a) Restrictions on the use of hazardous substances Relevant laws and regulations and updates of customer requirements;
b) the reduction of hazardous substances, the development of alternative technologies, and the technological innovations;
c) Update of supplier management level of hazardous substances management.
7 risk response
7.1 Decision basis
The organization can determine the risk response and control measures according to the identified risk level and make decisions based on the following elements.
a) management objectives for harmful substances within the organization;
Figure 1 Risk assessment matrix for hazardous substances in the product
b) organization of external laws and regulations and standards, as well as customer requirements.
7.2 Risk response measures
The organization may develop appropriate risk control plans and measures based on 7.1. The main countermeasures include, but are not limited to.
a) develop a standardized operational process;
b) in the procurement, production and other sectors to take appropriate measures to verify the detection of harmful substances;
c) to collect and analyze information about suppliers of hazardous substances;
d) establish and strengthen supplier risk management mechanisms;
e) to adjust the production process that may introduce hazardous substances;
f) to establish a sound record system to achieve traceability;
g) to strengthen the production, testing, transportation and other related personnel training.
7.3 Monitoring and review of risk response measures
The organization can adjust the risk response in a timely manner by focusing on the following aspects to ensure its effectiveness.
a) changes in the internal and external environment, such as the elements involved in 6.3.2 and 7.1;
b) Identify the potential risks that are being revealed;
c) the effectiveness of existing risk response measures.
Appendix A
(Informative)
Using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) to assist in the assessment of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products
A.1 Overview
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) analysis technology as a non-destructive screening means to achieve the material lead, mercury,
Chromium, cadmium, bromine and other elements ...
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