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NB/T 10194-2019: (Electrician refines high-conductivity copper rods by fire)
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(Electrician refines high-conductivity copper rods by fire)
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NB/T 10194-2019
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Basic data | Standard ID | NB/T 10194-2019 (NB/T10194-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | (Electrician refines high-conductivity copper rods by fire) | | Sector / Industry | Energy Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K11 | | Word Count Estimation | 19,138 | | Date of Issue | 2019-06-04 | | Date of Implementation | 2019-10-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | Natural Resources Department Announcement No. 7 of 2019 | | Issuing agency(ies) | National Energy Administration | NB/T 10194-2019: (Electrician refines high-conductivity copper rods by fire)---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Fire refined high conductivity (FRHC) copper rod for electrical purpose
ICS 29.060.10
K 11
NB
Energy Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China
Electricians use fire method to refine high conductivity copper rod
2019-06-04 released
2019-10-01 implementation
Issued by National Energy Administration
Table of contents
Foreword...II
Introduction...III
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Requirements...1
4 Test method...3
5 Inspection rules...4
6 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage and quality certificate...6
7 Order form content...7
Appendix A (informative appendix) Copper rod copper powder test method-dry brush method...8
Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Test Method for Oxide Film Thickness on Copper Rod Surface...9
Appendix C (informative appendix) Copper rod annealing performance test method-spiral elongation number method (SEN method)...11
Appendix D (informative appendix) Recommended use of high-conductivity copper rods for fire refining...14
References...15
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Bare Wire Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC422).
This standard was drafted by Shanghai Cable Research Institute Co., Ltd., Ganzhou Jiangtungsten New Alloy Material Co., Ltd., Guangde Hengtong Copper Co., Ltd.
Company, Hunan Golden Dragon International Copper Co., Ltd., Hebei Seamless Copper Co., Ltd., Far East Cable Co., Ltd., Baosheng Technology Innovation Co., Ltd.
Co., Ltd. participated in the drafting.
The main drafters of this standard. Xu Rui, Yao Dawei, Yin Jiajun, Wu Xiaokuan, Su Huaguang, Wang Jianwu, Hu Qingping, Liu Yanjun, Hu Yuanwei.
Introduction
This standard refers to GB/T 3952-2016 "Copper wire billet for electrical engineering", YS/T 793-2012 "Fire refining copper wire billet for electrical engineering",
ASTM B49-16 "Copper Rods for Electrical Engineering" and EN 1977.2013 "Copper and Copper Alloys-Copper Wire Billets (Wire Rods)" were drafted.
The products specified in this standard are high-conductivity electrical equipment produced by pyrometallurgical refining using copper scrap as raw materials and continuous casting and rolling processes.
Electric copper pole (hereinafter referred to as copper pole). This type of product is compatible with all the grades in YS/T 793-2012 "Fire Refining Recycled Copper Wire Billet for Electricians"
Copper rod, ASTM B49-16 "Copper rod for electrical engineering" and EN 1977.2013 "Copper and copper alloy-copper wire billet (wire rod)"
The grades of copper rods are all fire-refined high-conductivity (FRHC) copper rods. This standard proposes relevant special regulations for such products.
---Specify the raw materials used to refining high-conductivity copper rods for electricians by fire method;
--Specifies the requirements for the composition and oxygen content of various grades of high-conductivity copper rods used by electricians to refine high-conductivity copper rods, which are in line with international standards for similar products
Consistent
--Specify the gauge length of the copper powder quantity and twist test specimen as 250mm, and attach the copper powder quantity test method-dry brushing method, which is listed as Appendix A;
--Refer to ASTM B49-16 "Copper Rods for Electrical Engineering", add the requirements for the oxide film on the surface of the copper rod, and attach the oxide film thickness test
Method, listed as Appendix B;
--Refer to EN 12893.2000 "Test Method for Spiral Elongation of Copper and Copper Alloys", and add the test method for the annealing of copper rods--
Spiral elongation number method (SEN method), and provide recommended evaluation methods for bins, listed as Appendix C;
--Proposed recommendations for the use of pyro-refined high-conductivity copper rods in the cable industry, which are listed in Appendix D.
Electricians use fire method to refine high conductivity copper rod
1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements for high-conductivity copper rods produced by pyrotechnical refining using copper scrap as raw materials and continuous casting and rolling processes.
Test methods, inspection rules and signs, packaging, transportation and storage.
This standard applies to electrical wires or other electrical profiles with a diameter of 6.0mm~35.0mm for further processing.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 3048.2 Test methods for electrical properties of wires and cables Part 2.Resistivity test of metallic materials
GB/T 4909.2 Bare Wire Test Method Part 2.Dimension Measurement
GB/T 4909.3 Test Method for Bare Wire Part 3.Tensile Test
GB/T 4909.4 Test Method for Bare Wire Part 4.Torsion Test
GB/T 5121 (all parts) Copper and copper alloy chemical analysis methods
3 requirements
3.1 Raw materials into the furnace
The waste copper raw materials entering the furnace should be pre-treated, and the grade of the raw materials entering the furnace should be controlled at 96% or more of the average copper content.
3.2 Products
3.2.1 Brand, status, specification
The grades, conditions and specifications of the copper rods should meet the requirements of Table 1.
3.2.2 Product naming and representation
The electrician uses the fire method to refine the high-conductivity copper rod products with the model, specification and the number of this standard. The expression method is as follows.
3.3 Chemical composition
3.4 Dimensions and allowable deviation
3.4.1 The diameter of the copper rod and its allowable deviation should meet the requirements of Table 3.
3.4.2 Copper rods should be supplied in coils, each coil should be continuous, welding is not allowed, the minimum coil weight should not be less than 1t, but it is allowed to be determined by both parties through negotiation
Delivery weight.
3.5 Surface quality
3.5.1 The copper rod should be round and uniform in size, and it should be used directly without pickling and peeling.
3.5.2 The surface of the copper rod should be clean and smooth, and there should be no compound edges, flashes, cracks, inclusions and other defects that affect the use.
3.6 Elongation
3.7 Torsion performance
3.8 Electrical performance
The resistivity of the copper rod should meet the requirements of Table 6.
3.9 Other requirements for copper rod
3.9.1 Copper powder amount
The copper powder quantity test of the copper rod shall refer to the method in Appendix A (only applicable to φ 8mm). The amount of copper powder of the copper rod should meet the requirements of Table 7.
3.9.2 Oxide film thickness
The thickness test of the oxide film of the copper rod shall be carried out according to the method in Appendix B (applicable to φ 8mm only). The thickness of the oxide film of the copper rod should conform to the table 8
Regulations.
3.9.3 Annealable performance
The annealing performance test of the copper rod is carried out with reference to the spiral elongation test method in Appendix C. The annealing performance of copper rods should meet the specifications in Table 9.
The test results should be indicated in the supply quality certificate.
4 Test method
4.1 Chemical composition analysis method
The chemical composition analysis method of copper rod should be carried out according to the method specified in GB/T 5121 (all parts).
4.2 Dimension measurement
The size measurement of the copper rod should be carried out according to the method specified in GB/T 4909.2.
4.3 Surface quality
The surface quality of the copper rod was inspected visually.
4.4 Elongation
The elongation test of the copper rod shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 4909.3, and the sample shall adopt a gauge length of.200mm.
4.5 Torsion performance
4.5.1 The torsion test of the copper rod shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 4909.4.
4.5.2 The samples shall be taken from copper rods with acceptable size tolerance and surface quality (specified in 3.5). The original gauge length of the sample is 250mm,
The torsion speed is 30r/min (speed deviation ±10%); it rotates forward around the sample axis according to the number of rotations specified in Table 5, and then reverses to break.
4.6 Electrical performance
4.6.1 The resistivity test of the copper rod shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 3048.2.
4.6.2 The resistivity test can be carried out directly on the copper rod sample without further processing and annealing. If the volume resistivity test method is reproducible
If it is not good or the deviation is too large, the mass resistivity test method can be used.
4.7 Copper powder amount
Refer to the method in Appendix A for the copper powder quantity test on the copper rod.
4.8 Oxide film thickness
The copper rod oxide film thickness test should be carried out in accordance with the method in Appendix B.
4.9 Annealable performance
The annealing performance test shall be carried out in accordance with the SEN test method in Appendix C.
5 Inspection rules
5.1 Inspection and acceptance
5.1.1 Copper rods shall be inspected by the supplier’s quality supervision department to ensure that the product quality meets the requirements of this standard and the order form, fill in and provide
Quality certificate.
5.1.2 The purchaser can inspect the received product according to the provisions of this standard. If the inspection result does not conform to the provisions of this standard, it shall
The product will be submitted to the supplier within 30 days from the date of the product, and the supplier and the buyer will negotiate and resolve. If arbitration is required, arbitration sampling shall be conducted jointly by both parties.
5.2 Batch
Copper rods should be submitted for acceptance in batches, and each batch should be composed of copper rods of the same brand, state and specification.
5.3 Inspection items
Each batch of copper rods should be inspected according to the items and methods specified in Table 10.
5.4 Sample preparation
5.4.1 Sampling
According to different inspection items, each batch of copper rods should use the two methods specified in Table 11 to calculate the sampling quantity based on the number of turns or the weight.
The larger amount is used as the final sampling method, and the sampling amount is determined by this method, and a corresponding number of samples are randomly selected from the batch of copper rods.
5.4.2 Sample preparation
5.4.2.1 The chemical composition analysis should prepare the sample according to the following method. first, the sample skin should be removed, and the sample should be prepared by machining.
Crumb-like. Lubricants must not be used during processing operations and the materials should be kept from being oxidized. Take the same amount of chips made from each sample of the batch and combine
Make a large sample, the total amount of the large sample is not less than 600g, fully mix the large sample, and remove the iron brought in during processing with a magnet. Use reduction method etc.
Divide into four parts, one for the supplier, one for the demander, one for arbitration and analysis, and one for spare.
5.4.2.2 When necessary, the specimens for the resistivity reference test shall be prepared as follows. the copper rod specimens shall be cleaned and processed to a diameter of 2mm,
Degreasing, annealing for 30 minutes in a protective atmosphere at 500℃~550℃, and then rapidly cooling in the same protective atmosphere or quickly from the annealing furnace
Transfer to water to cool.
5.5 Judgment of test results
5.5.1 When the chemical composition and electrical properties are unqualified, the batch is judged to be unqualified; the elongation, torsion performance, surface quality and dimensional deviation are not
When qualified, the circle is judged to be unqualified.
5.5.2 When the amount of copper powder, the thickness of the oxide film and the annealing performance are unqualified, the batch of products (including the unqualified product in the original inspection)
Take another double number of samples to repeat the test. If the repeated test results are all qualified, the batch of products is judged to meet the requirements of the standard. If repeated
If the test results still have unqualified samples, then the batch of products shall be judged as unqualified or inspected one by one.
6 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage and quality certificate
6.1 Logo
The following labels should be attached to each circle of copper rods that have passed the inspection.
a) The name of the manufacturer;
b) Product trademark;
c) Product brand, status and specifications;
d) Net weight;
e) Lot number;
f) Date of production;
g) Inspection and printing by the supplier's quality supervision department.
6.2 Packaging
6.2.1 The copper rods should be packaged in a circle and tied well.
6.2.2 There should be measures to prevent moisture, pollution and mechanical damage.
6.2.3 Allow both parties to agree on packaging methods.
6.3 Transportation and storage
During storage, handling and transportation, care should be taken to protect the copper rods from mechanical damage and prevent the copper rods from being damp and corroded by corrosive substances.
6.4 Quality certificate
Each batch of copper rods should be accompanied by a product quality certificate, indicating.
a) The name of the manufacturer;
b) Product name;
c) Product brand, status and specifications;
d) Lot number;
e) Net weight and number of pieces;
f) Various inspection results and the mark of the supplier's quality supervision department;
g) Number of this standard;
h) Date of delivery.
7 Order form content
The order form should include the following.
a) Product name;
b) Brand, status and specification;
c) weight;
d) The standard number;
e) Others.
AA
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
Copper rod copper powder test method-dry brush method
A.1 Overview
This appendix gives the test method for the amount of copper powder on the surface of the high-conductivity copper rod refined by the electrician using the fire method.
This appendix is only applicable to the determination of the amount of copper powder on the surface of the φ 8 mm electrical refining high-conductivity copper rod by the fire method.
A.2 Preparation of samples
A.2.1 Cut a section of a copper rod sample that is 300mm~350mm long and has passed the surface quality inspection, straighten it gently, and use absolute ethanol or other organic
Solvent carefully clean the protective wax coating and residual emulsion on the surface of the copper rod, and use scotch tape to remove the 25mm~50mm length of each end of the sample.
Wrap them so that the distance between the copper rods between the two tapes is 250mm.
A.2.2 Use a balance to weigh and record the tape-wrapped copper rod sample (unit is g, accurate to 4 decimal places).
A.3 Test
A.3.1 Load the sample into the torsion testing machine, the clamping parts of the two chucks are the ends of the transparent tape wound, and the sample is 10/10 positive and negative
Twist, the twisting speed is set to 30r/min (speed deviation ± 10%), after completion, gently brush the sample with a soft brush to completely remove the sample
All powder particles on the spacing.
A.3.2 Take samples out of the testing machine to avoid contamination. If the tape has fallen off, remove the tape from the chuck. If there is copper powder on the tape,
Reserved.
A.3.3 If it is difficult to weigh the copper rod, you can also place a clean porcelain plate slightly longer than 250mm under the chuck of the torsion testing machine to allow the torsion test
The copper powder particles that fell off in the test all fall into the clean porcelain dish. After the twist is completed, gently brush the sample with a soft brush to completely clean the sample room
All the powder particles on the distance will fall into the clean porcelain plate.
A.4 Calculation
A.4.1 Weigh the weight of the sample wrapped with tape and wiped clean from step A.3.2 on the balance, and record it.
A.4.2 The difference between the weight obtained in step A.2.2 and the weight obtained in step A.4.1 is the copper powder amount of the test piece.
A.4.3 The copper powder collected on the porcelain plate in step A.3.3 can be individually weighed for determination.
A.4.4 It is recommended to use the same method to test 3 times and take the average value as the final test value.
BB
Appendix B
(Normative appendix)
Test method of oxide film thickness on copper rod surface
B.1 Overview
This appendix is applicable to the determination of the thickness of the oxide film on the surface of the high-conductivity copper rod refined by the electrician by the fire method.
This appendix is only applicable to the inspection of the oxide film on the surface of the φ 8mm electrical refining high-conductivity copper rod by the fire method.
B.2 Preparation of samples
Cut a 150mm~200mm long copper rod sample that has passed the surface quality inspection and lightly straighten it. Use absolute ethanol or other organic solvents
Carefully clean the protective wax coating and residual emulsion on the surface of the copper rod.
B.3 Test
B.3.1 This test uses the electrolytic reduction method to measure the thickness of the oxide film on the surface of the copper rod. The test is carried out in an electrolytic vessel, the table
The oxide film on the surface is electrolytically removed. As shown in Figure B.1.Take the sample as the cathode and platinum wire or other inert metal as the anode; use a coulometer or direct current
The source meter provides current, the adjustable power supply current intensity range should be 1mA~20mA adjustable, the current intensity is usually 10mA during the test; the electrolyte is 0.
1mol sodium carbonate solution, and the length of the solution covering the sample is not less than 101.6mm.
B.3.2 The oxides on the surface of copper rods are mainly copper oxide and cuprous oxide, which have different reduction potentials, which have been recorded during the test
Through the voltage-time curve of the whole process, the oxide film thickness can be calculated, and the calculation shall be carried out according to formula B.1; as the sample during the test
After the electrolysis reaction of the surface oxide film is completed, obvious fine hydrogen bubbles will appear on the surface of the sample.
B.3.3 Figure B.2 shows the typical voltage-time curve when the oxide film on the copper rod surface reacts.
B.3.4 Calculation formula.
CC
Appendix C
(Informative appendix)
Copper rod annealing performance test method-spiral elongation number method (SEN method)
C.1 Overview
The spiral elongation test specified in this appendix is only applicable to the performance of highly conductive copper in the copper rod stage, and does not involve the selection of later industrial processing stages.
The quality of the copper wire selected.
The spiral elongation test specified in this appendix is only for the test of electrician refining high-conductivity copper rods with a diameter of 8.0mm±0.4mm by fire method.
This appendix is formulated with reference to EN 12893.2000.
C.2 Device
C.2.1 Cable equipment
A suitable die-piercing machine, single-head wire drawing machine or broaching machine shall be used to process annealed copper with a diameter of 8.0mm±0.4mm through a series of unidirectional drawing.
The rod is drawn into a copper wire with a diameter of 2.00mm±0.01mm. Related equipment should also include a set of copper wire drawing dies, and the size and tolerance of each die should conform to the attached table
D.1 regulations. The equipment should be properly lubricated to reduce friction and overheating when the sample is drawn.
C.2.2 Annealing tank
The annealing tank should be able to accommodate a coil with a diameter of.200mm±50mm wound from copper wire, and should be equipped with a suitable temperature control system to
Keep the temperature at.200°C±0.5°C during 2.0h±0.02h. The annealing tank should be equipped with a stirring device to ensure uniform temperature throughout the tank. annealing
The annealing medium in the tank adopts low-viscosity silicone oil. The accuracy of the indicated or recorded thermometer should reach ±0.1°C at.200°C. Timing accuracy under test
The measurement interval should be timed in increments of 1.0 min.
C.2.3 Steel mandrel
The outer diameter of the polished steel mandrel should be 20.0mm±0.1mm, the minimum length is 50mm, and the axial horizontal deviation after installation is ±3°, and equipped
The transmission device makes the speed reach 50 r/min±5r/min.
C.2.4 Weight
There should be a hook on the upper end of the weight, and its total weight is 2240g±2.0g.
C.2.5 Steel ruler
The steel ruler should be suitable for measuring 1.0m length, and its accuracy should reach 1.0mm±0.2mm increment counting.
C.2.6 Loading mechanism
The loading mechanism should be suitable for loading the weights specified in C.2.4 on the test piece, and the test piece can be loaded in the axial vertical position by lowering the weight
Or increase the upper end of the spiral coil to achieve, the loading speed cannot exceed 20mm/s.
C.3 Preparation of copper rod specimen
Take the copper rod with a length greater than 500mm as the sample to be tested.
C.4 Preparation of copper wire samples
C.4.1 Drawing of copper wire samples
The final wire diameter should be 2.00mm±0.01mm, measured by a micrometer, measured at three positions at 90° to each other, the total of 6 data is selected
average value. The die size and related parameters of each drawing pass are shown in Table C.1.
C.4.2 Annealing of copper wire samples
The two ends of the copper wire with a wire diameter of 2.0mm±0.01mm were removed with a length of 1m respectively to obtain a copper wire sample to be tested. Place the sample on a suitable forming device
The product is wound into a coil with a diameter of.200mm±50mm and tied with copper wire to maintain the shape of the coil. Put the coil into the annealing device at.200℃
It lasts for 2 hours ±0.02h under the constant temperature of ±0.5℃, and then cools quickly in water. Then, carefully take out the tempered copper wire,
Take care to avoid unnecessary strain.
Note. The annealing temperature is very critical. Avoid putting a lot of copper wires in the annealing device to prevent the temperature from falling too much, otherwise the time to recover to the annealing temperature will be delayed.
long. After the copper wire is put in, the temperature of the annealing device should be stable within 5 minutes. In the whole annealing process, ensure the temperature of the annealing device is uniform and stable
And precise.
C.5 Test procedure
Carefully remove the copper wire tied on the coil, and cut a single-wire test piece about 1400mm long on the annealed coil. Mark in the middle of the test piece
For a gauge length of 1000 mm (measured accurately to 1.0 mm), the mark should not be easy to erase. The upper end of the single-wire test piece is fixed on the inner side of the polished mandrel,
The axis of the mandrel is in a horizontal position, and a weight of 2240g±2.0g is hung on the other end of the test piece. The mandrel rotates at a speed of 50 revolutions ± 5 revolutions per minute,
The single-wire test piece is wound into a spiral coil (more than 18 turns), and the coil should be kept tight so that each turn is in contact with the previous one. then,
Carefully remove the weight and take off the spiral coil, and place it flat on a smooth table. Use a steel ruler to measure the axial length between the marks, as the original value record
It is L1 (the length of the helical coil axial mark L1 is about 28mm), and the measurement is accurate to 1.0mm.
Next, fix one end of the helical coil on the device in the vertical direction, and axially load a weight of 2240g±2.0g on the other end.
code. Put the weight on a tray, lower the tray with the weight, and load the spiral coil steadily (loading speed does not exceed 20mm/s).
After free hanging for 1 min, carefully remove the weights to avoid adding extra load or impact on the spiral coil. Flatten the elongated spiral coil
Place it on a smooth table top (at least 1 min) to allow the spiral coil to relax. Use a steel ruler to measure the gap between the mark...
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