HJ 492-2009_English: PDF (HJ492-2009)
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Air quality. Vocabulary
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HJ 492-2009
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| Standard ID | HJ 492-2009 (HJ492-2009) | | Description (Translated English) | Air quality. Vocabulary | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z50 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.040 | | Word Count Estimation | 16,127 | | Date of Issue | 2009-09-27 | | Date of Implementation | 2009-11-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 6919-1986 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 4225-1994, IDT | | Drafting Organization | China Environmental Monitoring Station | | Administrative Organization | Ministry of Environment Protection | | Regulation (derived from) | Department of Environmental Protection Notice No. 47 of 2009 | | Summary | This standard specifies the air quality related terminology definitions, involving gases, vapors and particulate sampling and measurement and so on. | HJ 492-2009
Air quality.Vocabulary
HJ
People's Republic of China National Environmental Protection Standards
Replacing GB 6919-86
Posted 2009-09-27
2009-11-01 implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection
People's Republic of China Ministry of Environmental Protection
announcement
2009, No. 47
To implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law", protecting the environment, safeguarding human health, are now approved measure "quality of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Fixed liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography "and other 18 criteria as national environmental standards, and to publish.
Standard name, numbered as follows.
First, the "quality of PAHs measured liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography" (HJ 478-2009);
Second, the "ambient air nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) Determination of hydrochloric acid naphthylethylenediamine spectrophotometry" (HJ 479-
2009);
Third, the "determination of fluoride in the ambient air filter sampling and fluorine ion selective electrode method" (HJ 480-2009);
Fourth, "measured ambient air fluoride lime - paper sampling and fluorine ion selective electrode method" (HJ 481-2009);
Fifth, the "Ambient Air Determination of sulfur dioxide - Formaldehyde absorbing - pararosaniline spectrophotometry" (HJ 482-2009);
Six, "Determination of mercury salts tetrachloride absorption of sulfur dioxide in ambient air - pararosaniline spectrophotometry" (HJ 483-2009);
Seven, "Water quality - Determination of cyanide capacity and spectrophotometric methods" (HJ 484-2009);
Eight, "Water quality - Determination of copper diethyl dithiocarbamate spectrophotometry" (HJ 485-2009);
Nine, "Water quality - Determination of copper 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline spectrophotometry" (HJ 486-2009);
X. "Water quality Determination of fluoride - Visual colorimetry with zirconium alizarin sulfonic acid" (HJ 487-2009);
XI, "Water quality - Determination of fluoride - Fluor reagent spectrophotometry" (HJ 488-2009);
Twelve, "Water quality - Determination of silver 3,5-Br2-PADAP spectrophotometry" (HJ 489-2009);
Thirteen, "Water quality - Determination of silver cadmium reagent 2B spectrophotometry" (HJ 490-2009);
Fourteen, "Determination of total chromium in soil by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry" (HJ 491-2009);
Sixteen, "the preservation and management of water quality samples provisions" (HJ 493-2009);
XVII "Water Sampling technical guidance" (HJ 494-2009);
Eighth, "Water quality sampling program design and technical guidance" (HJ 495-2009).
Above standard since November 1, 2009 implementation, published by the China Environmental Science Press, standard content in website of the Ministry of Environmental Protection
From the date of implementation of the above standards, the original approval of the State Environmental Protection Agency, the following 20 national standards for environmental protection published abolished, marking
Associate name, numbered as follows.
First, the "quality of specified six PAHs was measured by high performance liquid chromatography" (GB 13198-91);
Second, the "Air Quality Determination of nitrogen oxides hydrochloride naphthylethylenediamine method" (GB 8969-88);
Third, the "Ambient Air Determination of nitrogen oxides Saltzman method" (GB/T 15436-1995);
Fourth, the "ambient air quality concentrations of fluoride filter · Determination of fluoride ion selective electrode method" (GB/T 15434-1995);
Fifth, the "determination of fluoride in the ambient air filter · lime fluoride ion selective electrode method" (GB/T 15433-1995);
Six, "Ambient Air Determination of sulfur dioxide - Formaldehyde absorbing - pararosaniline spectrophotometry" (GB/T 15262-94);
VII, "Determination of mercury salts tetrachloride sulfur dioxide air quality - pararosaniline hydrochloride colorimetry" (GB 8970-88);
Eight, "Water quality - Determination of cyanide in a first portion of the total cyanide determination" (GB 7486-87);
Nine, "Water quality - Determination of cyanide in the second part of the determination of cyanide" (GB 7487-87);
X. "Water quality - Determination of copper diethyl dithiocarbamate spectrophotometric method" (GB 7474-87);
XI, "Water quality - Determination of copper 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline spectrophotometric method" (GB 7473-87);
Twelve, "Water quality Determination of fluoride - Visual colorimetry with zirconium alizarin sulfonic acid" (GB 7482-87);
Thirteen, "Water quality - Determination of fluoride - Fluor reagent spectrophotometric method" (GB 7483-87);
Fourteen, "Water quality - Determination of silver 3,5-Br2-PADAP spectrophotometry" (GB 11909-89);
Fifth, "Water quality - Determination of silver cadmium reagent 2B spectrophotometry" (GB 11908-89);
Sixteen, "Flame atomic mass of total chromium in soil absorption spectrophotometry" (GB/T 17137-1997);
XVII "Air Quality Glossary" (GB 6919-86);
Eighth, the "Save Water Sampling and sample management requirements" (GB 12999-91);
Nineteenth, "Water Sampling technical guidance" (GB 12998-91);
XX "water quality sampling program design technical requirements" (GB 12997-91).
Special announcement.
September 27, 2009
Table of Contents
Preface ..iv
1. Scope ..1
2 Terminology ..1
Appendix A (informative) air quality index ..7 Chinese Vocabulary
Annex B (informative) English vocabulary air quality index 9
Foreword
To implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law", protecting the environment, safeguarding human health, air quality norms vocabulary, the development of this standard
quasi.
This standard specifies the definition of air quality-related terminology.
This standard is equivalent to the international standard ISO 4225.1994 "Air quality in general terms the term" relevant content.
This standard of "Air Quality Glossary" (GB 6919-86) has been revised, the original standard was drafted by the China Environmental Monitoring Center,
First released on October 10, 1986, this is the first revision.
The main amendments. GB 6919-86 58 original vocabulary, glossary entries and ISO 4225. 1980 the same, based on this revision
ISO 4225.1994 version of the new supplement 38 words, in alphabetical order, to change the amended section.
The new additions mainly related vocabulary environmental background, stench, environment places 13; supplementary sampling and other 25 words, total new
Increase vocabulary 38.
From the date of implementation of this standard, the former State Environmental Protection Agency October 10, 1986 approved by the State Environmental Protection issued the standard "empty
Vocabulary air quality "(GB 6919-86) abolished.
This standard is developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Science, Technology organization.
This standard is mainly drafted by. China National Environmental Monitoring Center, the Liaoning Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center.
This standard MEP September 27, 2009 for approval.
This standard since November 1, 2009 implementation.
The standard explanation by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
iv
Air Quality Glossary
1 Scope
This standard specifies the definitions and terminology relating to air quality, involving aspects of gases, vapors and particulate matter sampling and measurement.
2 Terminology
2.1 reduction abatement
Prior to discharge of pollutants or emissions, reduce or eliminate the discharge amount thereof.
2.2 Aerosol aerosol
Solid particles or liquid particles in a gaseous medium in both a suspension system. These particles fall velocity in the system is small.
2.3 air pollutant air pollutant
Due to human activity or natural processes, emissions into the atmosphere have adverse effects on people or the environment of the substance.
2.4 air pollution air pollution
Due to human activity or natural processes such emissions to atmospheric concentrations of substance and duration sufficient for human comfort, health to
And when facilities or adversely affect the environment, called air pollution.
2.5 Egan nuclear Aitken nuclei
Egan mean particle size less than 0.1 μm nuclear aerosol particles, generally present in the atmosphere, concentrations ranging from a few thousandths to a few tenths,
By human activity or natural processes to produce, but also by physical, chemical reactions.
2.6 Ambient Air ambient air
Refers to people, plants, animals and buildings are exposed to outdoor air.
2.7 Ambient air quality ambient air quality
Indicating the extent of contamination by the ambient air condition.
2.8 Ambient Air Quality Standard ambient air quality standard
Various ambient air quality standards prescribed by law, usually provide a certain period of time the average concentrations of air pollutants in the upper and lower limits.
2.9 dust arrester
An apparatus for removing a gaseous medium particles.
2.10 gray ash
Carbonaceous material remaining after combustion of solid residues. Although the ash may contain incompletely burned fuel, but from the analysis point of view,
Often it is assumed that the product is complete combustion.
2.11 (Earth's) atmosphere atmosphere (of the Earth)
The composition of air around the entire globe.
2.12 Average time averaging time
It generated based on different measurement methods, the time interval at which the air quality expressed as mean.
2.13 (atmospheric pollutants) background concentration of background concentration (of air pollution)
In certain geographic area, that part of the air is not directly associated with the study of the sources of quality.
2.14 bag filter bag filter
Fibers removal of particulate matter in gas stream filtration device.
2.15 baghouse baghouse
Combination filter and mechanical devices, can remove particulate matter and discharged to the outside protection collection box.
2.16 breathing zone breathing zone
Human respiratory direct use that part of the atmosphere.
2.17 diffuser bubbler
Passing through the liquid absorption medium means gas sample. By the end of the gas inlet tube inserted into the liquid, or even install a gas distributor Toru
Bottom dispersed into the liquid.
2.18 cascade impactor sampler cascade impactor
Using the principles of impact, according to the size of the impulse can be collected separately at the same time sort of a sampling device of different size particles.
2.19 chimney effect chimney effect
Due to temperature or other local air leaving the air mass moving up phenomenon.
2.20 cut-off point cut off
Under certain conditions, the collection efficiency is equal to a sample value corresponding to a predetermined particle diameter.
2.21 a cyclone or cyclone cyclone
2.21.1 gas by centrifugal force generated by the movement so that dust or droplets separated from the gas in the separation device.
2.21.2 atmospheric low pressure area associated with rotary wind systems, called cyclones.
2.22 Gaussian diffusion parameters dispersion parameters, Gaussian
Expression gas diffusion Gaussian model parameters with the size range of the gas diffusion distance and the time change. With its atmospheric stability
Changes.
2.23 droplet droplet
Small liquid particles having a certain density, particle size generally less than 200 μm. In the still air of the case it can fall down, but in turbulent
Case flow may be suspended in the air.
2.24 dry adiabatic lapse rate dry adiabatic lapse rate
See 2.53 lapse rate.
2.25 Dust dust
Usually it refers to the aerodynamic diameter of 75 μm or less equivalent of small solid particles. It can be suspended in the air for some time, by its own weight
You can settle from the air.
2.26 Effective chimney height effective chimney height
Height of chimney flue gas diffusion equations used in that chimney height plus gas lift height. Flue gas lift height depends on the
Port speed, temperature and wind speed and other factors, it may also be affected by the terrain.
2.27 electrostatic precipitator electrostatic precipitator
The use of gas by the strong electric field of charged particles, and then through the electrode positively/negatively charged particles by the negative side/positive electrode plates were adsorbed
An apparatus for removing the gas stream type of particulate matter.
2.28 elutriation elutriation
When particles suspended in a flowing fluid, the use of which it has different settling velocity and its separation method.
2.29 emission emission
Substances into the atmosphere in the process of discharge point or surface material called "sources." This term is used to describe the discharge and the discharge rate is applied
It can be used to noise, heat and so on.
2.30 emission concentration emission concentration
The discharge of air pollutants in the mouth, in the effluent concentration.
2.31 emission factors emission factor
Proportional representation produces an air pollutant in a certain activity, it is the ratio of the amount of pollutants generated by activities calculated. example
Such as the production of sulfur dioxide emissions per tonne of steel.
2.32 emission flux emission flux
Unit sources sectional emission rates.
2.33 emission rate emission rate
The amount (or other physical) within a unit time atmospheric emissions of pollutants.
2.34 emission standard emission standard
The legal status of emissions for each emission rates. Often defined as the minimum emissions of certain emission rates, or diluted in a predetermined
Emission concentration level or other values under.
2.35 equivalent diameter equivalent diameter
In performance geometry, optical, electrical, or other aspects of the aerodynamic equivalent spherical particle diameter of particulate matter being studied.
2.36 fly ash fly ash
Fine particles entrained in the flue gas during the combustion of the fuel.
2.37 fog fog
Usually it refers to liquid droplets in a gas suspension system. Meteorology ordered the visibility is reduced to less than 1 km of water droplets suspended in the atmosphere
system.
2.38 smoke fume
A solid aerosol particles, usually evaporated from the molten material in the smelting process to produce condensation, and often accompanied by the oxidation reaction
should.
2.39 gasification of gel fumes
It refers to the air to produce unpleasant, foul-smelling product of the habit, it can be generated from the chemical reaction process.
2.40 Smoked Shen fumigation
When the inversion layer destruction, was retained by the inversion layer contaminants are quickly brought to a meteoric phenomenon of turbulence ground.
2.41 dust grit
In the atmosphere or in the flue gas contained in the solid particles, aerodynamic equivalent diameter is usually greater than 75 μm.
2.42 Dust
Refers to the suspension in a gas general terms various particle sizes of the solid particles over time (see 2.25 and 2.41).
2.43 ground level concentration ground level concentration
Usually located on the ground or breathing zone height, per unit volume of air in a solid, liquid or gaseous substances.
2.44 haze haze
A large number of very fine monomer invisible particles suspended in the air, leaving the atmosphere showing a white, a phenomenon of reduced visibility.
2.45 into immission
Pollutant transfer "receptors" on from the atmosphere to such contaminants are retained lungs. Meaning it releases the opposite.
2.46 immission dose into the dose
During the exposure of the receptor to accept the cumulative amount of pollutants.
2.47 immission flux into the flux
Receptor unit of surface area on the acceptance rate.
2.48 into the rate immission rate
Per unit time, contaminants transferred to the quality (or other physical quantities) receptors.
2.49 impact dust collector impinger
The use of impact and retention is the principle of acquisition A Sampling of particulate matter and gases.
2.50 indoor air indoor air
Air enclosed space (such as shelter, public buildings) inside.
2.51 interferences interferent
Affect the measurement results of air samples in any of the components, including the components to be measured.
2.52 isokinetic sampling isokinetic sampling
A Sampling of suspended particulate matter in the gas stream method of collection, the same as the sampling rate and sampling point air velocity.
2.53 lapse rate lapse rate
Atmospheric variables (it means without Annotated temperature) changes with height. Increasing altitude atmospheric temperature decreases, decreasing the rate of positive value. Such as
If the meteorological conditions, atmospheric lapse rate and adiabatic lapse rate of a rise in air League Cadres of the same (about 10 ℃/km) called the atmosphere at this time
Having a dry adiabatic lapse rate.
measurement period 2.54 during the measurement
From the first measurement to the last measurement the end of the interval.
2.55 micrometeorology micrometeorology
Part of meteorology. Observing and interpreting mesoscale atmospheric physics and a dynamic process of discipline. To date, this area
The study also confined to the atmospheric boundary layer, until a certain height from the Earth's surface. At this height, straight to the underlying surface and air movement components
Then action can be ignored.
2.56 MARGARET mist
A loose definition, refers to a gas droplets are suspended phenomenon. When Margaret appeared on meteorology, visibility 1 ~ 2 km.
2.57 Monitoring monitoring
2.57.1 Broadly speaking, in order to track changes in the types of pollutants, the concentration of pollutants in a certain period of repeated measurements.
2.57.2 In a narrow sense, regularly measured in order to determine whether the performance criteria or evaluation of management and control systems, for pollutants, said
To monitor.
2.58 monthly average month
The average monthly ambient air comprehensive report analyzing the data (calculated on a monthly basis 30 d).
2.59 natural background concentration natural background concentration
In the anthropogenic emissions negligible original air at a given concentration of the substance.
2.60 malodorous substance odorant
It has a special smell unpleasant substances.
2.61 smell odour
Stimulate the olfactory organ has the characteristics of a substance.
2.62 olfactory identified members odour panel
A substance odor intensity is compared with a reference value or by odor identification of material personnel.
2.63 Odor threshold odour threshold
Determination of smell or olfactory threshold detection threshold.
2.64 olfactory perception threshold odour detection threshold
Half olfactory identified members be able to detect a minimum concentration of smell odor present. In the olfactory detection threshold, foul smell strips are used as identified staff
Virtual samples.
2.65 olfaction threshold odour recognition threshold
Half were able to identify the minimum concentration value characteristic odor. In the sense of smell to identify a threshold detection, foul smell strips are used as virtual identified staff
sample.
2.66 particulate matter particle
Small discrete solid or liquid form.
2.67 photochemical reaction photochemical reaction
Certain substances in the optical radiation produced by a chemical reaction.
2.68 photochemical smog photochemical smog
Atmospheric nitrogen oxides, a group of oxidizing organic compound and an oxidizing agent under the action of sunlight generated and may cause visibility
Degree of deterioration. When it reaches sufficient concentrations can irritate eyes, respiratory tract, and material damage plants.
2.69 plume plume
From a specific outlet such as a chimney or vent exhaust gas stream (usually visible).
2.70 gas lift height plume rise
Meter from the discharge outlet, plume centerline height.
2.71 initial primary pollutant contaminants
Discharged directly from the sources of air pollutants and secondary pollutants formed in the atmosphere of phase difference.
2.72 Probe probe
An apparatus for measuring or collecting pipe or chimney material, generally tubular.
2.73 Yuxi effect rain-out
The raindrops in a cloud of small particulate matter removal effect.
2.74 remote sensing remote sensing
Use not in direct contact with the measured system analyzer, the atmosphere or emission source material or atmospheric meteorological parameters.
2.75 retention efficiency retention efficiency
When demultiplexing sampler collecting samples, the amount of particles into the instrument with the ratio of the total amount of particles (generally expressed as a percentage) collected.
2.76 ringelman coefficient Ringelmann number
A numerical evaluation plume blackness, blackness through the plume observed with the naked eye with Ringer Salamanca [from 0 (white) to 5 (black) a grid
Number] get contrast.
2.77 sampling sampling
2.77.1 continuous sampling continuous sampling
Over the entire operating procedure or a predetermined time, uninterrupted sampling.
2.77.2 instantaneous sampling grab sampling
In a very short time, collecting a sample.
2.78 Sampling time sampling time
Single sample collection interval.
2.79 scavenging purification
Contamination due to natural processes, and remove or reduce the concentration of the process or phenomenon from the atmosphere.
2.80 wet scrubber scrubber, wet
Use contact interface damp or use spray impact, etc., to remove the device a stream of particles or contaminants.
2.81 scrubber scrubbing
A gas sampling or gas purifier A process to be used. Certain components of the gas stream into contact with a liquid surface (filler, spraying or bubbling Party
Law) is cleared.
2.82 secondary pollutant secondary pollutants
Once contaminants or other substances from the stationary sources, mobile sources of emissions in the atmosphere by physical or chemical reaction generated pollution
Thereof.
2.83 settling chamber settling chamber
Designed to reduc......
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