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HJ 442.3-2020: (Technical specifications for environmental monitoring of coastal waters - Part 3: Water quality monitoring of coastal waters)
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(Technical specifications for environmental monitoring of coastal waters - Part 3: Water quality monitoring of coastal waters)
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HJ 442.3-2020
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Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 442.3-2020 (HJ442.3-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | (Technical specifications for environmental monitoring of coastal waters - Part 3: Water quality monitoring of coastal waters) | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z06 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 40,488 | | Date of Issue | 2020-12-16 | | Date of Implementation | 2021-03-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | HJ 442-2008 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment Announcement No. 66 [2020] | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | HJ 442.3-2020: (Technical specifications for environmental monitoring of coastal waters - Part 3: Water quality monitoring of coastal waters)
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(Technical specifications for environmental monitoring of coastal waters Part 3 Water quality monitoring of coastal waters)
National Environmental Protection Standards of the People's Republic of China
Replace HJ 442-2008
Technical specifications for environmental monitoring in coastal waters
Part III Water Quality Monitoring of Inshore Waters
Technical specification for offshore environmental monitoring
Part 3 offshore seawater quality monitoring
2020-12-16 release
2021-03-01 implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment
i table of contents
Foreword...II
1 Scope of application...1
2 Normative references...1
3 General requirements for water quality monitoring in coastal waters...1
4 Collection, storage and transportation of water quality samples...2
5 Water quality sample analysis...10
6 Quality control of water quality monitoring...10
Appendix A (informative appendix) Observation methods for hydrometeorological projects...14
Appendix B (informative appendix) Water quality monitoring project analysis method...15
Appendix C (Normative Appendix) Determination of Ammonia in Seawater in Estuary and Inshore Waters by Continuous Flow Colorimetry...22
Appendix D (Normative Appendix) Determination of Nitrate Nitrogen and Nitrite in Sea Water of Estuary and Coastal Sea by Continuous Flow Colorimetry
Nitrogen...26
Appendix E (Normative Appendix) Determination of Active Phosphate in Sea Water of Estuary and Inshore by Continuous Flow Colorimetry...30
Appendix F (Normative Appendix) Determination of active silicate in seawater of estuaries and coastal waters by continuous flow colorimetry...33
Appendix G (Normative Appendix) Determination of Selenium in Sea Water by Atomic Fluorescence Method...36
1 Technical specifications for environmental monitoring in coastal waters
Part III Water Quality Monitoring of Inshore Waters
1 Scope of application
This standard specifies the collection, storage, transportation, on-site testing, laboratory analysis and quality of water quality monitoring samples in coastal waters.
Basic methods and procedures of control.
This standard is applicable to the monitoring of water quality in coastal waters, estuaries and salty and brackish waters (excluding sections of rivers entering the sea
Monitoring of pollutants entering the sea). Including container preparation and washing, sample collection, pre-processing, field testing, laboratory analysis and
QC.
2 Normative references
The content of this standard refers to the terms in the following documents. For undated references, the effective version is applicable to this
standard.
GB 3097 sea water quality standard
GB 12763.4 Marine Survey Specification Part 4.Investigation of Seawater Chemical Elements
HJ 168 Technical Guidelines for the Preparation and Revision of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis Methods
HJ 442.1 The general rules of the first part of the technical specifications for environmental monitoring in coastal waters
HJ 442.2 Technical Specification for Environmental Monitoring in Coastal Seas Part 2 Data Processing and Information Management
HJ 442.6 Technical Specification for Environmental Monitoring in Coastal Seas Part 6 Biological Monitoring in Coastal Seas
HJ 442.10 Technical Specifications for Environmental Monitoring in Coastal Seas Part Ten Evaluation and Report
HJ 730 Technical Specification for Layout of Environmental Monitoring Points in Coastal Waters
3 General requirements for water quality monitoring in coastal waters
The implementation plan for coastal water quality monitoring shall be determined in accordance with the relevant requirements of HJ 442.1; the layout of monitoring points shall be determined in accordance with HJ 730
Implementation of relevant requirements; data processing, statistics, summary, review and submission shall be implemented in accordance with HJ 442.2 requirements; water quality evaluation and reporting
Compilation is carried out in accordance with the requirements of HJ 442.10.
The frequency of routine water quality monitoring is generally 3 times a year, and the sampling time is arranged in March to May, July to August and September to November.
In principle, the interval between two monitorings should be more than 2 months.
The mandatory measurement items for coastal water quality monitoring are determined in accordance with GB 3097 and based on the monitoring purpose. The water depth and salt
Degree, chlorophyll a, actual sampling latitude and longitude, etc.; optional measurement items include redox potential, silicate, hydrological and meteorological parameters
For the related analysis and quality control of chlorophyll a, please refer to the relevant requirements of HJ 442.6;
The plan is selected according to the monitoring purpose.
Other monitoring water quality monitoring items, time, frequency, etc. shall be determined according to the monitoring purpose.
24 Water quality sample collection, storage and transportation
4.1 Preparation of containers and sampling equipment
4.1.1 Selection of container
The choice of containers for sampling and sample storage determines whether the sample undergoes physical, chemical, and biological reactions before analysis, which affects
The accuracy of the analysis. The following factors should be considered when choosing a container.
a) The material of the container has strong chemical stability, does not react with the tested component, and the wall should not absorb or adsorb the tested component
It is easy to clean, has a certain degree of shock resistance, can adapt to large temperature changes, and has a tight seal;
b) Generally, sample containers made of materials with strong stability such as hard glass and polyethylene plastic are selected, most of which contain inorganic
The samples of the components are mostly containers made of polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and polycarbonate polymers;
High density polyethylene, suitable for silicate, sodium salt, total alkalinity, chloride, conductivity, pH analysis in water
And storage of samples for determination; light-absorbing glass materials are often used for photosensitive substances, such as brown bottles, and tin if necessary
Foil shading; commonly used glass containers are suitable for the storage of organic compounds and biological samples; plastic containers are suitable
For the storage of radionuclides, most trace elements and water samples for routine monitoring items; with neoprene rubber ring and oil
The container of the mass lubrication valve is not suitable for the storage of organic matter and microorganism samples;
c) Generally, narrow-mouth containers are used for water samples, and the sealing material of the container is the same as that of the container, and the sealing corks should not be mixed;
In special circumstances, when wooden or rubber stoppers are needed, they must be wrapped in stable metal foil; organic matter and bacteria
Do not use rubber stoppers for product containers; do not use glass stoppers for alkaline liquid sample containers; do not use paper balls and metal materials
Material plug.
4.1.2 Washing of containers
New containers must be degreased and thoroughly cleaned of substances that may cause pollution effects before they can be used. General container cleaning
The type of detergent used should be selected according to the composition of the substance to be tested. Routinely monitored container washing methods are shown in Table 1.
a) Cleaning of newly purchased containers. When cleaning with general detergent or non-phosphorus detergent, first use a soft brush to scrub the container
Rinse the outer surface and cover with tap water, and then rinse with pure water that meets the analysis requirements of the monitoring project 3
Times
b) Cleaning of stoppered glass bottles. pay attention to the dissolution, adsorption and adhesion phenomena that may exist in the ground part.
Containers that cannot be cleaned cannot be used for sampling;
c) Polyethylene bottle cleaning. pay special attention to the absorption of oil, heavy metals, sediments and organic matter, and it is really impossible to scrub clean
The container cannot be used for sampling;
d) Cleaning of glass bottles storing petroleum and organic water samples. clean with tap water, chromic acid lotion, tap water and pure water
After drying, rinse with purified or qualified extraction solution for 3 times, dry in the shade and pack it in the packing box to avoid contamination;
e) Washing of chlorophyll a and toxic algae sample bottles. wash with tap water and distilled water in turn;
f) Containers for storing and testing bacterial water samples. After cleaning according to general methods, place the containers in a pressure cooker at 120°C
And keep it for 15 minutes, or bake in a 160℃ oven for 2 hours to sterilize;
g) Washing of active phosphate and total phosphorus sample bottles. After washing with a non-phosphorus detergent, they must be washed with (13) hydrochloric acid
After soaking for 24 hours and washing with pure water, cover the mouth of the bottle with aluminum foil and save it for later use;
h) Storage of water sample bottles for counting and biochemical analysis. soak in nitric acid solution for a long time, then rinse with distilled water to remove
5e) Reasonable price, easy to promote and use.
4.1.4.2 Sampler
The sampler is selected according to the actual sampling situation. The sampler generally includes the following types.
a) Instantaneous sample sampler, including.
1) Nearshore surface water collector. a plastic-wrapped bottle clamp is connected to a telescopic long rod, and the sampling bottle is fixed on the plastic
On the bottle clamp, the sampling bottle is the sample bottle;
2) Throwing floating water collector. the sampling bottle is installed in a fixed frame made of stainless steel that can be opened, and the steel frame is fixed
A long nylon rope is connected with a floating ball and is usually used to collect water samples such as surface petroleum hydrocarbons;
3) Depth comprehensive method sampler. The depth comprehensive method sampling requires a set to clamp the sampling bottle and sink it into the water
The mechanical device of the weighted object sinks into the water, and at the same time, the entire vertical section of the
Each layer of water samples enter the sampling bottle;
4) When using the instantaneous sampler, in order to make the water sample proportionally taken at various depths, the sampling bottle should settle or be
The speed of ascent should be changed correspondingly with different depths. At the same time, it should also have an adjustable injection hole to maintain the
When the water pressure changes, the injection flow rate is constant; when there is no above-mentioned sampling equipment, the open-close type can be used
The water collector separately collects samples from each depth layer and then mixes them.
b) Open-closed water collector. It is a simple and easy to use sampler, open at both ends, the top and bottom can be opened respectively
The lid of the water collector is opened and sinks into the water. When the sampling depth is reached, the lids at both ends are closed according to the instructions.
That is, samples of the required depth can be taken.
c) Selected depth fixed-point water harvester (closed-open-closed water harvester). the sampling bottle fixed on the sampling device is closed
Dive into the water. When the sampler reaches the selected depth, open it according to the instruction. After the sampling bottle is filled with water sample, follow the instruction
Closed; the closed-open-closed water collector made of non-metallic materials is very suitable for the collection of trace metal samples.
d) Pump suction system water collector. With the pump suction system water collector, a large volume of water sample can be obtained, and the vertical
And horizontally study the "fine structure" of the water body for continuous sampling, and can be used with the temperature and salt depth instrument (CTD), etc.
The combined use of the monitor makes it unique; the suction height of the sampling pump should be the smallest, and the entire pipeline system should be tight.
4.1.4.3 Sampling cables and other equipment
In order to prevent contamination of the samples during the sampling process, the hydrological steel wire rope should be coated with non-metallic material or replaced with a plastic rope. Make the hammer respond
Spray with PTFE, polyethylene and other materials.
The hydrological winch should also take anti-fouling measures. The main technical parameters are.
a) The rated load is 70 kg, and the maximum load is 80 kg;
b) The length of hydrological rope is 100 m (Φ 4 mm);
c) The horizontal angle of the bracket is 30°～80°;
d) Rotation angle 360°;
e) The weight of the whole machine is 50 kg;
f) Direct reading mechanical counter;
g) The parts of the whole machine can be disassembled and the installation is simple;
h) The hydrological winch for collecting seawater metal samples is recommended to use Kevlar cable.
74.2.4 General requirements for on-site sampling operations
a) The person in charge of the project or technology is responsible for coordinating the relationship between marine operations and ship navigation with the captain, on the premise of ensuring safety
Navigation should meet the needs of monitoring operations;
b) Obtain samples and data according to the requirements of the monitoring plan;
c) The basic principle of the water sample packaging sequence is. the samples that do not need to be filtered are divided first, and the samples that need to be filtered are then divided; generally
According to suspended solids and dissolved oxygen (biochemical oxygen demand) → pH → nutrient salts → heavy metals → chemical oxygen demand (others have
Organic matter determination items) → chlorophyll a → phytoplankton (water sampling); such as chemical oxygen demand and weight
Metal mercury needs to be tested in the non-filtered state, according to suspended solids and dissolved oxygen (biochemical oxygen demand) → chemical oxygen demand (other
Organic matter determination items) → Mercury → pH → Salinity → Nutrients → Other heavy metals → Chlorophyll a → Phytoplankton
(Water sampling) sequence;
d) Complete the samples that should be tested on-site at sea within the specified time, and prepare the samples for off-site testing at the same time;
e) Sampling matters.
1) 20 minutes before the ship arrives at the point, stop draining and flushing the deck, and close the toilet to the sea until monitoring
End of homework
2) It is strictly forbidden to contaminate the sampled samples by hand to prevent the sample bottle stopper (cap) from being contaminated;
3) At the end of the observation and sampling, check for omissions immediately before notifying the ship to set sail;
4) Marine sampling should be stopped under special weather conditions such as heavy rain;
5) In case of red tides and oil spills, follow-up monitoring shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of emergency monitoring regulations.
f) After the sample is collected, it is necessary to try to keep the status of the item to be tested and the state at the time of sampling to ensure that the collected samples are qualified.
Be representative and authentic; the sampling section, sampling point, and sampling of the monitored sea area must be checked before sampling
Time, sampling frequency and number of samples are carefully considered and designed so that the collected samples can be analyzed
It can objectively reflect and characterize the real situation of water bodies.
4.2.5 General steps for sample collection
In view of the fluidity, variability and complexity of seawater, a standardized sampling procedure based on actual conditions is required. among them
The procedures for the use of common water harvesters are as follows.
a) Sampling from a single-layer water collector
Fix the cleaned and specially treated sample bottle on the water collector, connect the bottle opener (stopper) device, and check the connection of each part
Whether the connection is reliable; slowly put the water collector into the water body; after reaching the predetermined depth, open the bottle cap (plug) and observe from the water surface.
When bubbles are bubbled, the sample bottle is quickly raised to the surface after it is full, and the lid is closed to obtain the desired sample.
b) Closed-open-closed water collector sampling
Fix the water collector, check whether the fixation is firm, open the lock device of the water collector, close the water outlet of the water collector;
The water collector should be kept perpendicular to the water surface when the water is deep and the flow is rapid, the weight of the plumb hammer should be increased; the water collector should reach the predetermined depth
After the temperature is reached, open the hammer to lock the water collector, and stop for a while to lift the water surface. Before aliquoting the sample, let out a small amount of water sample,
Repackaging; avoid collisions and improper sampling during the sampling process.
c) Pump sampling
Connect the sampling device, turn on the vacuum pump, block the water inlet of the water sampling pipe, and check the sealing performance of the sampling system;
The water inlet of the pipe is settled to the required depth through the wire rope (usually operated by a winch), and the vacuum pump is turned on for suction. When the sampling bottle is
8 After the water sample volume reaches more than 5 times the internal volume of the water sampling pipe, close the gas circuit and pour out the water in the sampling pipe; insert the upper end of the water sampling pipe
To the bottom of the sampling bottle, pump the water sample at a rate of 1 L/min. After the sampling bottle is full of water samples, close the gas circuit and quickly
Take out the water tube from the bottle and dispense the water sample into the sample bottle.
d) Sampling in polyethylene barrels
Before sampling, rinse the barrel with water sample for 2 to 3 times; when sampling, the barrel mouth is immersed in the water in the direction of the water flow. After the water fills the barrel,
Raise the water surface quickly to avoid floating substances on the water surface from entering the sampling barrel (in general, barrel sampling is not used).
4.2.6 Sampling steps for special projects
a) Collection of dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand samples
The iodometric method is used to determine dissolved oxygen in water, and the water sample needs to be collected directly into a sample bottle. When sampling, be careful not to expose the water sample
Gas or residual gas. If plexiglass water harvester, ball valve water harvester, inverted water harvester, etc. are used, the water body must be prevented from being disturbed.
Dissolved oxygen samples must be collected first. Connect one end of the latex tube to the glass tube, and set the other end to the outlet of the water collector,
Measure the water sample and wash the water sample bottle twice; insert the glass tube into the bottom of the analysis bottle, slowly inject the water sample, and wait until the water sample is full and overflows approximately
When the volume of the bottle is 1/2, slowly withdraw the glass tube; immediately use the automatic liquid dispenser (the tip of the tube is close to the liquid surface) to inject 1.0 ml in sequence
Manganese chloride solution and 1.0 ml alkaline potassium iodide solution; stopper the stopper and grasp the stopper and the bottom of the bottle by hand, and put the bottle on slowly
Invert 20 times to mix the sample and the fixative thoroughly. Wait until the sediment in the sample bottle falls below 2/3 of the bottle body.
analysis. If the sample bottle is soaked in water, allow it to be stored for 24 hours. Avoid direct sunlight and drastic temperature changes. If the temperature difference is large, you should
Determined within 12 hours.
b) Collection of pH samples
Wash the water sample bottle twice with a small amount of water sample, fill it up slowly, close the stopper immediately, place it indoors, and wait for the temperature of the water sample
Measure at near room temperature. For example, add 1 drop of mercury chloride solution to fix, cover the bottle, mix well, and allow to store for 24 hours.
c) Collection of turbidity, suspended matter and residue samples
After the water sample is collected, the sample should be released from the sampler as soon as possible; shake the sampler while bottling the water sample to prevent suspended matter
Settling in the sampler; remove non-representative impurities such as leaves, pillars, etc.
d) Collection of oil samples
To determine the oil content in the water, the fixed sample bottle of the single-layer throw-floating water harvester is directly filled in the water body, and it is immediately taken out after sampling.
The water surface is extracted on-site; the oil sample container should not be washed with sea water in advance.
e) Collection of nutrient salt samples
The nutrient salt sampler should use disposable qualified sample bottles as much as possible; if reused, 1 mol/L should be used before use
Rinse with hydrochloric acid solution, then rinse with tap water and deionized water in turn. Rinse with sea water when sampling. It is best to place the sampler in
Deeper, then mention the sampling depth. When sampling with a multi-channel CTD sampler, the cleaning provided in the operating instructions should be followed
Ways to clean and avoid contamination.
Sample collection. There are different concentration gradients at different levels in the sampler, and a small amount of water sample is first released when dividing the sample, and then the sample is mixed.
Fill the sample; when sampling, immediately divide the sample; when filling the sample, wash the sample bottle and cap at least twice (each time is about the bottle
1/10 of the volume); the filling water sample volume should be 3/4 of the bottle volume; the filter should be connected with a 10 cm～15 cm soft plastic tube to
Prevent contamination; change gloves frequently when sampling; prevent pollution of sewage and hull disturbances on board the ship; prevent air pollution,
Especially to prevent pollution from boat smoke and smokers.
Filtration. In order to remove particulate matter, the water sample must be filtered with a 0.45 µm filter membrane; when filtering, prevent artificial (such as hand
9) pollution; do not use rubber plugs for the filter, and cover the filter with aluminum foil for vacuum filtration after filling the water sample.
In the process of collection and processing, experiments and pre-processing using ammonia and nitric acid should not be carried out at the same time. If you should pay attention to avoid
Use nitric acid to fix the contamination of the nutrient salt samples by heavy metals.
f) Collection of heavy metal samples
After the water sample is collected, it is necessary to prevent the contamination caused by the atmospheric dust on the spot, release the sample as soon as possible, filter and store it in a sampling bottle;
To prevent the contaminants contained in the sample in the sampler from decreasing with the sinking of suspended matter, the water collector must be shaken when filling the sample
While filling; immediately filter with 0.45 µm filter membrane, after filtration, the water sample is acidified with nitric acid to pH< 2, plugged and stored in
In a clean environment.
In the process of collection and sample filtration, any possible contamination, such as dandruff and medical tape, should be particularly avoided.
Cause contamination.
g) Collection of mercury samples
For water samples in hard glass bottles, strict anti-contamination measures must be taken to avoid pollution from the surrounding environment. Sulfur for water samples
Acidify to pH< 2, close the stopper and store in a clean environment.
h) Collection of samples of volatile organic compounds
Fill the water sample to avoid bubbles and agitation as much as possible, and make the water sample fill the bottle without leaving head space. If there is residual chlorine
Can add ascorbic acid to remove, and acidify with hydrochloric acid to pH< 2, then seal the bottle with a screw cap with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner, and put it
Store in the freezer.
4.3 Storage and transportation of water quality samples
4.3.1 Basic requirements for sample storage
The basic requirements for water sample storage are determined according to the purpose of storage and possible changes, including.
a) Inhibit th...
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