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HJ 2008-2010: Technical specifications for filtration process in wastewater treatment
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Technical specifications for filtration process in wastewater treatment
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HJ 2008-2010
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Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 2008-2010 (HJ2008-2010) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical specifications for filtration process in wastewater treatment | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z23 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.060.30 | | Word Count Estimation | 25,233 | | Date of Issue | 2010-12-17 | | Date of Implementation | 2011-03-01 | | Quoted Standard | GB 50141; GB 50204; GB 50205; HJ/T 355; CJJ 60; CJ/T 51 | | Regulation (derived from) | Department of Environmental Protection Notice No. 94 of 2010 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | | Summary | This standard specifies the sewage treatment works in the filtration process used by the general requirements, process design, equipment selection, detection and control, construction inspection, operation and management of the technical requirements. This standard applies to municipal wastewater or industrial wastewater treatment filter unit process design, construction, inspection, operation and management, as feasibility studies, environmental impact assessment, process design, engineering, inspection, operation and management of the technical basis. | HJ 2008-2010: Technical specifications for filtration process in wastewater treatment---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical specifications for filtration process in wastewater treatment
National Environmental Protection Standard of the People's Republic
Technical specification for sewage filtration treatment engineering
Released.2010-12-17
2011-03-01 Implementation
Ministry of Environmental Protection released
Ministry of Environmental Protection
announcement
No. 94 of.2010
In order to implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and standardize the construction and operation of pollution control projects, the "Air Pollution Control Workers" are now approved.
The 9 standards such as the “Technical Guidelines” are national environmental protection standards and are released.
The standard name and number are as follows.
I. Technical Guidelines for Air Pollution Control Engineering (HJ .2000-2010)
2. Technical Specifications for Flue Gas Desulfurization Engineering in Thermal Power Plants (HJ .2001-2010)
Third, electroplating wastewater treatment engineering technical specifications (HJ .2002-2010)
4. Technical specifications for the treatment of tannery and fur processing wastewater (HJ .2003-2010)
V. Technical Specifications for Slaughter and Meat Processing Wastewater Treatment Engineering (HJ .2004-2010)
Technical Specifications for Constructed Wetland Sewage Treatment Engineering (HJ .2005-2010)
7. Technical specifications for sewage coagulation and flocculation treatment (HJ .2006-2010)
Eight, technical specifications for sewage air flotation treatment (HJ .2007-2010)
The above standards have been implemented since March 1,.2011 and published by the China Environmental Science Press. The standard content can be found on the website of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Special announcement.
December 17,.2010
Content
Foreword..iv
1 Scope..1
2 Normative references..1
3 Terms and Definitions.1
4 Contaminants and pollution loads.3
5 General requirements..3
6 Process Design..3
7 Main process equipment and materials.16
8 Detection and process control 17
9 Major auxiliary projects.17
10 Labor Safety and Occupational Health..18
11 Construction and acceptance 18
12 Operation and maintenance 18
Iv
Foreword
To implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Water Pollution Control Law of the People's Republic of China", standardize sewage filtration treatment
Cheng Jian, to make it continuous and stable operation, discharge standards, prevent water pollution, improve environmental quality, and develop this standard.
This standard specifies the overall design, process design, equipment selection, testing and control of the filtration process used in wastewater treatment projects.
Technical requirements for operational management.
This standard is the first release.
This standard was formulated by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
This standard is mainly drafted by. Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Southeast University, Yangzhou Chenglu Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Pengyu
Environmental Engineering Design Institute.
This standard was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on December 17,.2010.
This standard has been implemented since March 1,.2011.
This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Technical specification for sewage filtration treatment engineering
1 Scope of application
This standard specifies the overall requirements, process design, equipment selection, testing and control of the filtration process used in wastewater treatment projects.
Technical requirements for construction acceptance and operation management.
This standard is applicable to the design, construction acceptance and operation management of the filtration unit process of urban sewage or industrial wastewater treatment engineering.
Technical basis for line research, environmental impact assessment, process design, engineering acceptance, and operation management.
2 Normative references
The contents of this standard refer to the terms in the following documents. For undated references, the valid version applies to this standard.
GB 50141 Water supply and drainage structure engineering construction and acceptance specification
GB 50204 Concrete Structure Engineering Construction Quality Acceptance Specification
GB 50205 Steel Structure Engineering Construction Quality Acceptance Specification
Technical Specifications for Operation and Assessment of HJ/T 355 Water Pollution Source Online Monitoring System (Trial)
CJJ 60 Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant Operation, Maintenance and Safety and Safety Technical Regulations
CJ/T 51 Standard for urban sewage quality inspection methods
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Filtration
Refers to the process of cutting off impurities in water by means of granular materials or porous media.
3.2
Filtering media
Refers to granular materials or porous media used to remove impurities in water during filtration.
3.3
Initial filtered water
Refers to the filtered effluent at the initial stage of re-filtration after backwashing of the filter.
3.4
Filter media effective particle size (d10) effective size of filtering media
Refers to the filter material particle size after filtration, less than 10% of the total weight of the filter material.
3.5
Effective size of filter media (d80) effective size of filtering media
Refers to the filter material particle size after sieved, less than 80% of the total weight.
3.6
Filter material unevenness coefficient (K80) uniformity coefficient of filtering media
Refers to the ratio of the particle size of the filter material to the effective particle size of less than 80% of the total weight after the filter material is sieved.
3.7
Uniformly graded filtering media
Refers to a filter material with a relatively uniform particle size and a non-uniformity coefficient (K80) of 1.3 to 1.4.
3.8
Filtration rate
Refers to the amount of water filtered by the unit filtration area per unit time.
3.9
Compulsory filtration rate
Refers to the filtration rate of other operating grids when the partial filter is stopped due to maintenance or sanding.
3.10
Flushing rate
Refers to the amount of flushing water per unit of filter material per unit time.
3.11
Expansion rate of bed-expansion
Refers to the degree of expansion of the filter layer during backwashing, expressed as a percentage of the thickness of the filter layer.
3.12
Flush cycle (filter cycle, filter cycle) filter runs
Refers to the entire interval from when the filter completes flushing to when it is flushed again.
3.13
Supported layer graved gravel layer
Refers to the granular material that is placed between the water distribution system and the filter layer to prevent the filter material from leaking into the water distribution system.
3.14
Surface washing
Refers to the flushing method of flushing the surface of the filter material with a fixed or rotating water jet system.
3.15
Surface sweep washing
When the V-type filter is backwashed, the water to be filtered passes through the V-shaped water inlet hole to sweep the flushing muddy water to the central drain tank in the horizontal direction of the water surface.
An auxiliary flushing method.
3.16
Ordinary quick filter
Refers to the traditional quick filter arrangement, the filter material is generally a single layer of fine sand grade filter material or coal, sand double layer filter material, flushing with single water rinse,
The flushing water is supplied by a water tower (tank) or a water pump.
3.17
Siphon filter siphon filter
Refers to a form of a quick filter that uses a siphon instead of an inlet and drain valve. Each of the filter cells is connected to each other, and the backwash water is not washed.
The filtered water supply of the remaining filter cells washed. The filtering method is equal to the filtration speed and variable water level operation.
3.18
Valveless filter valveless filter
Refers to a form of quick filter without a valve. During operation, the effluent water level remains constant, and the influent water level is lost with the head of the filter layer.
Increase and continuously rise in the siphon. When the water level rises to the top of the siphon tube and form a siphon, the filter backwash is automatically started and rinsed.
The muddy water drains out of the pool along the siphon.
3.19
V type filter V filter
Refers to the filter tank arrangement with a coarser and more uniform filter material and a V-shaped water inlet on both sides of each filter. Flushing with gas water micro
The expansion method has a surface sweeping method, and the flushing mud water is discharged outside the pool through a drain groove provided in the center of the filter grid.
4 Contaminants and pollution loads
4.1 The filtration process can be used for the separation of various water quantities and lower concentrations of suspended solids.
4.2 The filtration process is mainly used for the separation and removal of fine suspended solids and destabilizing colloids in water. Suitable for sewage secondary biological treatment of effluent,
Industrial wastewater chemical precipitation, air flotation, suspension treatment of suspended solids (SS) < 20 mg/L.
4.3 The filtration process can be used for advanced treatment of sewage, such as activated carbon adsorption, membrane technology, ion exchange, etc.
SS < 10 mg/L.
4.4 The filtration process can be used for direct filtration (microflocculation contact filtration), and the influent SS can be appropriately relaxed, such as SS< 60 mg/L, and the filter material
The diameter should increase accordingly.
5 General requirements
5.1 The construction scale of the filter tank is determined by the amount of treated water, and the designed water volume is determined by the maximum amount of water in the project.
5.2 Filtration Process After the pre-treatment of coagulation sedimentation, air flotation, etc., the elevation arrangement needs to ensure the need of filtering the water head. Need to set backwash
Reservoir, flushing water pump or water tower.
5.3 Filters are usually arranged symmetrically (in pairs), close to pre-treatment equipment (precipitation, air flotation, etc.) and aftertreatment equipment (disinfection, clear water)
Wait).
5.4 In addition to the deep pool, the filter has a certain head loss. The elevation setting should consider the cooperation of subsequent equipment.
5.5 The filtration process does not produce sludge, and the backwashed effluent should be returned to the collection well for secondary treatment.
6 Process design
6.1 Type of filtration and its process characteristics and applicable conditions
The commonly used filtration types in sewage treatment are. ordinary quick filter and its derivative (double valve filter, flap filter and double filter media filter),
V-type filter, gravity type valveless filter, pressure filter, turntable filter, etc. The process characteristics and applicable conditions are shown in Table 1, which can be selected for the filter process.
Timing reference.
Table 1 Process characteristics and applicable conditions of common filter for sewage treatment
Type characteristics applicable conditions
1. Ordinary fast filter
Have mature running experience. With sand filter material, the material is cheap and easy to obtain. Use large resistance
Force water distribution system, the single pool area is larger, and the pool depth is shallower. Deceleration filtering can be used.
The water quality is good. But there are more valves and must have a full set of flushing equipment
Suitable for sewage treatment of various water quantities. Water production rate
Higher. The area of the single pool should not exceed 50 m2, and
Sedimentation tanks are used in combination. Water washing effect is poor,
Surface rinsing or air rinsing should be used when conditions permit
device
2. The dual-valve filter reduces the number of valves and reduces the cost and maintenance effort. However, a full set of flushing equipment must be provided to increase the equipment for siphon formation. Other features are the same as ordinary quick filter and ordinary quick filter
Continued
Type characteristics applicable conditions
3. Flap filter
There are various choices of filter media and filter layers. Low filtrate loss rate, cleanliness after filter backwashing
High, the head loss is small. The backwashing system distributes water and air evenly. Long filter period,
The amount of interception is large and the quality of the effluent is good. More equipment, one-time investment is larger, and
High operating power consumption
Suitable for large and medium-sized sewage suspended solids
Water quantity sewage treatment. Depending on the nature of the sewage
Different filter materials and grading
4. Double filter media filter
The filter layer has a large staining capacity and can adopt a higher filtration rate. Deceleration filtration, good water quality.
It can be rebuilt with existing ordinary quick filter. The filter material selection is high and the filter material is easily lost.
Difficult to rinse, easy to accumulate mud balls
Suitable for large and medium water wastewater treatment, allowing for
The concentration of suspended solids is high. Single pool area is generally not suitable
Too big. It is advisable to use a large resistance water distribution system and auxiliary
Flushing equipment
5. V-type filter
The operation is stable and reliable. Sand filter material, filter bed with large amount of pollution, long cycle, filtration rate
High, good water quality, and easy to obtain materials. The filter material is evenly graded to accommodate different suspensions
Concentration of water quality, high degree of automation. The single pool area is large and the water production rate is high. have
Gas water backwashing and water surface sweeping, the flushing effect is good. But there are many supporting equipments,
More complicated to build, the depth of the pool is deeper than the ordinary fast filter
Suitable for large and medium water wastewater treatment. Request
Water SS< 15 mg/L. Requires configuration of an automatic control system
6. Gravity valveless filter
No need to set the valve, automatic flushing, easy to manage. Can be set in a set. but
The operation of the filter layer can not be seen, the sand is inconvenient. The single pool area is small. rinse
The effect is poor, and a part of the water is wasted during backwashing. Variable water level constant velocity filtration, water quality is not
Deceleration filtering
Suitable for sewage treatment with small water volume. Need to have
Elevation used, often with inclined tube sedimentation tank, acceleration
Clarifier pool
7. Pressure filter
Steel equipment, can be set in a fixed shape, using a large resistance water distribution system, backwashing
Evenly. It can directly use the residual pressure water to change the water head to filter at the same speed, the water quality is not as slow as the deceleration
filter. Single pool is small and can only be used for small water
Suitable for small water sewage without high elevation
The effluent can be reused or discharged directly. Single pool surface
The product should be less than 10 m2
8. Turntable filter
Impact resistant load and high filtration efficiency. Cross-flow filtration, small head loss and fast filtration rate.
Fully automatic continuous operation, less backwash water and low operating costs. Unit pool capacity
The total filtration area is large and the area is occupied. The filter cloth has oleophobic properties, and the surface impurities are not easy to stick.
Attached, filter cloth is easy to clean, system function recovery is fast, automation is high, and the whole machine can be completed.
Equipment
Suitable for all kinds of water treatment. Adaptable
Water quality with suspended solids concentration
6.2 General rules for filtration processes
6.2.1 The filtration process should be applied to the advanced treatment unit of industrial wastewater and urban sewage treatment projects.
6.2.2 The selection of the filter tank should be based on the amount of sewage treatment water, the quality of the influent and outflow, the operational management level, and the elevation of the treatment structure.
Prime, determined by technical and economic comparison. Quick filter (including ordinary quick filter, double valve filter, flap filter, V-type filter, etc.) is suitable for large,
Medium-sized sewage treatment plant (station), valveless filter, pressure filter for small sewage treatment plants (station), turntable filter can be used for different scales
Urban sewage and industrial wastewater treatment plant (station).
6.2.3 The filter material should have sufficient mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Quartz sand, anthracite, ceramsite and porcelain sand should be used. Filtration in sewage
In the process, if there is no dissolved harmful substance, synthetic materials such as polypropylene plastic beads and fiber balls can also be used as the filter material.
6.2.4 The number of cells in the filter should be determined by technical and economic comparison according to the type of filter, the amount of treated water, operation and maintenance, and maintenance.
In principle, it should not be less than 4 grids except for the valveless filter, pressure filter and turntable filter.
6.2.5 The single grid area of the filter should be based on the type of filter, the water quality, the operating level, the filtered water collection and the flushing water distribution.
Uniformity is determined by technical and economic comparison.
6.2.6 Ratio of filter layer thickness (L) to effective particle size (d10). fine sand and double-layer filter should be filtered more than 1 000; coarse sand and three-layer filter
Should be greater than 1 250.
6.2.7 The filter tank should be equipped with a primary filtration water discharge facility. The primary filtration water should be returned to the water collection well of the water plant for secondary treatment.
6.2.8 The method of flushing the filter pool is preferred to use the combined gas and water flushing method.
6.2.9 When the filter is running, the automatic detection and control system should be set as much as possible to realize the operation management automation.
6.3 Filtration speed and filter composition
6.3.1 The filter should be designed according to the normal filtration rate and checked by the forced filtration speed under maintenance conditions.
6.3.2 Filter tank speed and filter material composition should be taken according to Table 2. The filtration rate of sewage filtration should be higher than the filtration rate of feed water filtration, and the particle size of the filter should also be
Correspondingly, the project should be based on factors such as the quality of the influent water, the water quality of the filtered water, the structure of the filter, etc.
The operating experience of the filter is determined.
Table 2 Filter filter speed and filter composition
Filter material type
Filter material composition normal filtration rate /
(m/h)
Forced filtration rate /
(m/h) particle size /
Mm
Uneven coefficient
K80
thickness/
Mm
Single layer
Coarse sand filter
Quartz sand
D10=0.8
< 2.0 700 8～10 10～12
Double layer filter
anthracite
D10=1.0
< 2.0 300～400
9～12 12～16 quartz sand
D10=0.8
< 2.0 400
Uniform gradation
Coarse sand filter
Quartz sand
D10=1.0～1.3
< 1.4 1.200～1 500 8～10 10～12
6.3.3 When the filter adopts the large resistance water distribution system, the supporting layer should be adopted according to Table 3.
Table 3 Material of the support layer of large resistance water distribution system, particle size and thickness Unit. mm
Level (top-down) material particle size thickness
1 gravel 2~4 100
2 gravel 4~8 100
3 gravel 8~16 100
4 Gravel 16～32 The top surface of this layer should be higher than the water distribution system hole 100
6.4 Water distribution and gas distribution system
6.4.1 Design points
1) The water distribution and gas distribution system of the filter should be considered according to the factors such as the filter type, the flushing method, the single grid area, and the uniformity of the water distribution.
Use. When flushing with single water, a water distribution system such as a perforated pipe or a filter head can be used; when flushing with gas and water, a long-shank filter head, a perforated pipe, etc. can be used.
Water, gas distribution system.
2) The exhaust pipe should be provided on the top of the main pipe (channel), and the discharge port should be above the water surface of the filter.
3) The water distribution and gas distribution system of the long handle filter should be determined according to the amount of flushing water and flushing gas, and calculated according to the following data.
· The flow rate at the inlet of the gas distribution main pipe is 10-15 m/s;
·The distribution flow rate of the distribution port of the water distribution (gas) is about 10 m/s;
· The flow rate at the inlet end of the water distribution main pipe is 1.5 m/s;
·The water flow rate of the water distribution channel is 1~1.5 m/s.
4) The exhaust pipe should be arranged on the top of the water distribution (gas). The discharge port is located above the water surface of the filter.
5) The water distribution system requires uniform collection of filtered water and distribution of backwash water, and requires easy installation and maintenance, is not easy to block, and lasts for a long time.
durable.
6.4.2 Determination of flow rate of various types of tubes (channels) in the filter tank
Inlet pipe 0.8~1.2 m/s; outlet pipe 1.0~1.5 m/s;
Washing water 2.0 ~ 2.5 m/s; drainage 1.0 ~ 1.5 m/s;
The initial filtration water discharge is 3.0-4.5 m/s; the gas pipeline is 10-15 m/s.
6.4.3 Calculation of head loss in water distribution system
6.4.3.1 Large resistance water distribution system
1) The large resistance water distribution system should be calculated according to the flushing flow rate and calculated according to the following data.
· The ratio of the total area of the perforation of the large resistance perforated pipe water distribution system to the area of the filter (opening ratio) should be 0.20% to 0.25%;
· The flow rate at the inlet of the water main pipe (channel) is 1.0-1.5 m/s;
· The flow rate at the inlet of the water distribution branch is 1.5 ~ 2.0 m/s;
· The outlet flow rate of the water distribution branch hole is 5-6 m/s.
2) The water head loss of the water distribution system can be calculated by the formula (1) when calculating the average head loss of the orifice.
Qh
g αβ
⎛ ⎞= ⎜⎝ ⎠⎟
1H q
(1)
Where. h2-- average head loss of the orifice, m;
Q--flushing intensity, L/(m2·s);
Α--flow coefficient, should be taken as 0.65;
The ratio of the total area of the β-hole to the area of the filter is 0.20% to 0.25%.
3) The head loss h3 of the support layer can be calculated according to formula (2).
3 0.022h = (2)
Where. H1--support layer thickness, m.
4) The head loss h4 of the filter layer can be calculated according to formula (3).
4 1 (1 )h
⎛ ⎞= − −⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠ 0 2m H (3)
Where. the relative density of γ1--filter material;
Γ--the relative density of water;
M0--the porosity before the expansion of the filter material (quartz sand is 0.41);
H2--the thickness of the filter before expansion, m.
5) Flushing system
Pump flushing. When flushing with a pump, there are alternative measures to consider. The flow rate and head of the flushing pump are calculated by equations (4) and (5).
Q qf= (4)
0 1 2 3 4H H hhhh h5= (5)
Where. Q--water pump water output, L/s;
F--single filter area, m2;
H--the required lift of the pump, m;
H0--the difference between the top of the sand washing drainage trough and the lowest water level of the sink, m;
Hl--the sum of the head loss and the local head loss of the flushing pipe between the sink and the filter, m;
H5-- surplus head, h5 = 1 m.
Flushing of water tank (water tower, water tank). The water depth in the water tank should not exceed 3 m, and the water tank should be filled in the interval of filter washing, and should have
Measures to prevent air from entering the filter. The volume of the water tank can be 1.5 times the amount of flushing water at one time, and the bottom of the water tank is higher than the height of the top of the sand washing drain tank.
Can be calculated according to formula (6).
0 1 2 3 4H hhhh h5= (6)
Where. h1--head loss...
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