HJ 577-2010 PDF in English
HJ 577-2010 (HJ577-2010) PDF English
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Technical specifications for sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process
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HJ 577-2010: PDF in English HJ 577-2010
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Technical specifications for sequencing
batch reactor activated sludge process
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 12, 2010
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2011
Issued by: Ministry of Environmental Protection
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 General requirements ... 10
5 Design flowrate and design water quality ... 11
6 Process design ... 14
7 Main process equipment ... 27
8 Testing and control ... 29
9 Electrical ... 31
10 Construction and acceptance ... 31
11 Operation and maintenance ... 38
Appendix A (Informative) Other deformation processes of the sequencing
batch reactor activated sludge process ... 42
Technical specifications for sequencing
batch reactor activated sludge process
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements for the process design, main
process equipment, testing and control, construction and acceptance, operation
and maintenance of the sewage treatment projects which use the sequencing
batch reactor activated sludge method.
This standard is applicable to urban sewage and industrial wastewater
treatment projects which use the sequencing batch reactor activated sludge
process. It can be used as technical basis for environmental impact assessment,
design, construction, environmental protection acceptance, facility operation
management.
2 Normative references
The contents of this standard refer to the terms in the following documents. For
undated references, the valid version applies to this standard.
GB 3096 Environmental quality standard for noise
GB 12348 Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary
GB 12801 General principles for the requirements of safety and health in
production process
GB 18599 Standard for pollution control on the storage and disposal site for
general industrial solid wastes
GB 18918 Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater
treatment plant
GB 50014 Code for design of outdoor waste-water engineering
GB 50015 Code for design of building water supply and drainage
GB 50040 Code for design of dynamic machine foundation
GB 50053 Code for design of 10kV and under electric substation
GB 50187 Code for design of general plan of industrial enterprises
GB 50204 Code for acceptance of constructional quality of concrete
structures
GB 50222 Code for fire prevention in design of interior decoration of
buildings
GB 50231 General code for construction and acceptance of mechanical
equipment installation engineering
GB 50254 Code for construction and acceptance of cow-voltage apparatus
electric equipment installation engineering
GB 50268 Code for construction and acceptance of water and sewerage
pipeline works
GB 50334 Quality acceptance code for municipal sewage treatment plant
engineering
GB 50352 Code for design of civil buildings
GBJ 16 Code for fire protection of building design
GBJ 87 Specifications for the design of noise control system in industrial
enterprises
GB 50141 Code for construction and acceptance of water and sewerage
structures
GBZ 1 Hygienic standards for the design of industrial enterprises
GBZ 2 Occupational exposure limit for hazardous agents in the workplace
CJJ 60 Technical specification for operation, maintenance and safety of
municipal wastewater treatment plants
HJ/T 91 Technical specifications requirements for monitoring of surface
water and waste water
HJ/T 247 Specifications for environmental protection product. Vertical shaft
mechanical surface aerator
HJ/T 251 Specifications for environmental protection product. Roots blower
HJ/T 252 Specifications for environmental protection product. Middle and
fine bubble diffusers
HJ/T 260 Specifications for environmental protection product. Blast
submerged aerator
HJ/T 277 Specifications for environmental protection product - Rotary
decanter
HJ/T 278 Specifications for environmental protection product - Single stage
and high speed aeration centrifugal blower
HJ/T 279 Specifications for environmental protection product - Pusher
submersible agitator
HJ/T 353 Technical guidelines of wastewater on-line monitoring equipment
and installation (on trial)
HJ/T 354 Technical specifications for check and acceptance of wastewater
on-line monitoring system (on trial)
HJ/T 355 Technical specifications for the operation and assessment of
Wastewater on-line monitoring system (on trial)
Administrative measures for environmental protection acceptance of
completion of construction projects (State Environmental Protection
Administration, 2001)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process
Refers to the activated sludge wastewater treatment method consisting of
five basic processes of fill, aeration, settle, drawn, idle in the same reaction
tank (reactor), abbreviated as SBR method. The main deformation
processes include a cyclic activated sludge system/technology (CASS or
CAST process), a demand aeration tank-intermittent aeration tank (DAT-IAT
process), an alternating internal circulation activated sludge process (AICS
process), etc.
3.2
Operating cycle
Refers to a cycle in which a reaction tank completes the fill, aeration, settle,
drawn, idle work procedures in sequence. The time elapsed during an
operating cycle is called the cycle time.
3.9
Reaction time
Refers to the time it takes for the aeration to stop during the fill and aeration
processes in one operating cycle.
3.10
Biological selector
Refers to the pre-reaction zone that is provided at the front end of the
reaction tank, to bring the return sludge into contact with and mix the
undiluted sewage. The types of biological selectors are aerobic, anoxic and
anaerobic.
3.11
Main reaction zone
Refers to the aerobic reaction zone downstream of the biological selector in
the CASS or CAST reaction tank.
3.12
Pretreatment
Refers to the treatment measures set in front of the SBR reaction tank when
the influent water’s quality can meet the biochemical requirements of the
SBR process, such as grilles, grit chambers, primary sinks, air floatation
tanks, grease traps, fiber and hair traps, etc.
3.13
Preprocessing
Refers to the treatment process set in front of the SBR reaction tank
according to the need to adjust the water quality when the influent water’s
quality cannot meet the biochemical requirements of the SBR process, such
as hydrolysis acidification tank, coagulation sedimentation tank,
neutralization tank, etc.
3.14
Standard state
It refers to a state where the atmospheric pressure is 101325 Pa and the
temperature is 293.15 K.
Qs - Design flowrate of rainwater, L/s.
5.1.1.3 The design flowrate of integrated domestic sewage is the product of the
served population and the corresponding quota of integrated domestic sewage
quota. The quota of integrated domestic sewage shall be determined according
to the local water quota, combined with the level of the water supply & drainage
facilities inside building and the popularity of the drainage system; it can be
designed according to 80% ~ 90% of the local relevant water quota.
5.1.1.4 The total coefficient of change of integrated domestic sewage volume
shall be determined according to the actual data of change of integrated
domestic sewage volume. If there is no measurement data, it may be valued
according to the relevant provisions of GB 50014, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 -- Total coefficient of change of integrated domestic sewage
5.1.1.5 The design flowrate of industrial wastewater as discharged into the
municipal pipeline network shall be determined according to the statistical
survey data of wastewater discharge from industrial pollution source within the
coverage of urban municipal drainage system.
5.1.1.6 The design flowrate of rainwater refers to the relevant provisions of GB
50014.
5.1.1.7 In areas with high groundwater level, it shall consider the amount of
infiltration groundwater. The amount of infiltration groundwater should be
determined based on actual measurement data.
5.1.2 Design flowrate of industrial wastewater
5.1.2.1 The design flowrate of industrial wastewater shall be designed
according to the actual wastewater flowrate as measured by the total discharge
port of the plant or industrial park. The test method shall comply with the
provisions of HJ/T 91.
5.1.2.2 The change of flowrate of industrial wastewater shall be measured
according to the characteristics of the process.
5.1.2.3 When it cannot obtain the actual measurement data, it may be
determined by referring to the relevant provisions of the current national
industrial water consumption, or otherwise determined according to the
comparison of the current drainage data of the factory of same industry, the
same scale, the same process.
5.1.2.4 When industrial wastewater and domestic sewage are combined for
Average daily flowrate / (L/s)
Total coefficient of change
requirements of the next-stage treatment unit.
6.1.2 It shall be ensured that the SBR reaction tank combines the
characteristics of ideal impulsive flow in time and complete mixing in space.
6.1.3 It shall be ensured that the SBR reaction tank has a static sedimentation
function and a good sludge-water separation effect.
6.1.4 It shall, according to the operating requirements of the SBR process, set
the testing and control system, to realize the automation of operation
management.
6.1.5 The SBR reaction tank shall be provided with a fixed accident drainage
device, which may be located at the water level at the end of the decanting.
6.1.6 The drainage of SBR reaction tank shall be equipped with a decanter that
prevents scum from flowing out of the facility.
6.1.7 For the reaction tank that restricts the aeration and fill, the fill method
should use the submerged inflow.
6.1.8 For sewage treatment plants which have large changes in water quality
and/or water volume, it should set the facilities for regulating water quality
and/or water volume.
6.1.9 The sewage treatment plant shall be provided with facilities for disinfecting
the treated effluent.
6.1.10 The design of the influent pump room, grille, grit chamber, primary
settlement tank, secondary settlement tank shall comply with the relevant
provisions of GB 50014.
6.2 Pretreatment and preprocessing
6.2.1 The SBR sewage treatment project shall be provided with a grille for the
influent. The pretreatment of the urban sewage shall also be provided with a
grit chamber.
6.2.2 According to the requirements of water quality and SBR process type,
determine whether the initial settlement tank is set in the SBR sewage treatment
project. When setting the initial settlement tank, it may not provide ultra-fine
grille.
6.2.3 When the influent water quality does not meet the conditions as specified
in 5.2.3 or when it contains substances that affect biochemical treatment, it shall,
according to the influent water quality, take appropriate pre-processing method.
6.3 Design of SBR process
6.3.5.1 When biological phosphorus removal of sewage cannot meet the
requirements, it may use chemical phosphorus removal. The type of agent,
dosage, dosing point shall be determined by testing or by reference to similar
projects.
6.3.5.2 In case of chemical phosphorus removal, for the equipment and
pipelines exposed to corrosive substances, it shall take anti-corrosion
measures.
6.3.5.3 When the alkalinity for nitrification is insufficient, it shall provide the alkali
addition system. The pH value at the nitrification stage shall be controlled at 8.0
~ 8.4.
6.3.6 Sludge system
6.3.6.1 The design of sludge volume shall consider residual sludge and
chemical dephosphorization sludge.
6.3.6.2 Calculation of residual sludge volume
Make calculation according to sludge yield coefficient, attenuation coefficient,
non-biodegradable and inert suspended solid.
Where:
ΔX - The residual sludge amount, kg/d;
Y - The sludge yield coefficient, which is selected according to Table 3, Table
4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7;
Q - Designed average daily sewage volume, m3/d;
S0 - 5-day biochemical oxygen demand of influent in the reaction tank, kg/m3;
Se - 5-day biochemical oxygen demand of effluent in the reaction tank, kg/m3;
Kd - Attenuation coefficient, d-1;
V - The total volume of reaction tank, m3;
XV - The average mass concentration of mixed liquid volatile suspended
solids (MLVSS) in the reaction tank, kg/m3;
f - Sludge conversion rate of influent suspended solids (MLSS/SS), kg/kg,
which should be determined according to the test data; or otherwise it may
be taken as 0.5 ~ 0.7 in absence of test data;
d) The mixed liquid in the aerobic zone of the reaction tank returns back to
the anoxic zone; the reflux ratio shall be determined according to the test,
which shall not be less than 20%.
6.4.3 When CASS or CAST requires phosphorus removal and denitrification,
the design of the reaction tank shall meet the following requirements:
a) The reaction tank is generally divided into three reaction zones, one is the
anaerobic biological selector, the second zone is the anoxic zone, the third
zone is the aerobic zone (as shown in Figure 4). The reaction tank may
also be divided into two reaction zones. The zone 1 is anoxic (or anaerobic)
biological selector; the zone 2 is an aerobic zone;
b) When the dissolved oxygen in the anoxic zone of the reaction tank is less
than 0.5 mg/L, carry out the denitrification reaction is carried out, where
the effective volume should account for 20% of the total effective volume
of the reaction tank;
c) The dissolved oxygen in the anaerobic biological selector of the reaction
tank is 0, the phosphorus-producing bacteria releases phosphorus, where
the effective volume should account for 5% ~ 10% of the total effective
volume of the reaction tank;
d) The mixed liquid in the aerobic zone of the reaction tank is refluxed to the
anaerobic biological selector; the reflux ratio shall be determined
according to the test, which should not be less than 20%.
6.4.4 The calculation and design of aeration system of the CASS or CAST
process refer to 6.3.4 of this standard.
6.4.5 When the mixed liquid reflux system in the reaction tank is designed, it
shall provide a reflux pump at the end of the reaction tank, to return the mixed
liquid from the main reaction zone to the biological selector.
6.4.6 The number of reaction tanks in a system should not be less than 2.
7 Main process equipment
7.1 Drainage equipment
7.1.1 The drainage equipment of the reaction tank of SBR process should use
a decanter, which includes a rotary decanter, a siphon decanter, a non-powered
floating siphon decanter. The performance of the decanter shall comply with the
provisions of the corresponding product standards. If a rotary decanter is used,
it shall comply with the provisions of HJ/T 277.
7.1.2 The rake load of the decanter shall be 20 ~ 35 L/(m • s). The maximum
7.3.2 For anaerobic and anoxic, it should select a submersible pusher agitator.
The performance of the agitator shall meet the requirements of HJ/T 279.
8 Testing and control
8.1 General provisions
8.1.1 The SBR sewage treatment project shall carry out process testing and
control; and be configured with corresponding testing instruments and control
systems.
8.1.2 The content of testing and control shall be determined according to the
project scale, process flow, operation management requirements.
8.1.3 The automatic instrumentation and control system shall ensure the safety
and reliability of the SBR sewage treatment project and facilitate operation
management.
8.1.4 The computer control management system shall take into account the
requirements of existing, newly-built and planned projects.
8.1.5 Electromechanical equipment involved in control and management shall
be provided with testing devices for work and accident states.
8.2 Process testing
8.2.1 The fill pump room, grille, grit chamber shall be provided with the pH meter,
level gauge, level-difference gauge, flow meter, thermometer, etc.
8.2.2 The SBR reaction tank should be provided with a thermometer, pH meter,
dissolved oxygen (DO) meter, redox potentiometer, sludge concentration meter,
level gauge, etc.
8.2.3 In order to ensure the safe operation of the sewage treatment plant
(station), follow the requirements below to provide the monitoring instruments
and alarm devices:
a) Fill pump room: It should be provided with the concentration monitoring
instrument and alarm device of hydrogen sulfide (H2S);
b) Sludge digestion tank: It should be provided with the concentration
monitoring instrument and alarm device of methane (CH4), hydrogen
sulfide (H2S);
c) Chlorination room: It should be provided with the concentration monitoring
instrument and alarm device of chlorine (Cl2).
9 Electrical
9.1 Power supply system
9.1.1 The electrical load of the process device shall be the secondary load.
9.1.2 The voltage level of high-and-low voltage electrical equipment shall be
consistent with the voltage level of its power supply grid.
9.1.3 The instrumentation power supply of the central control room shall be
equipped with an online uninterruptible power supply.
9.1.4 The grounding system should adopt a three-phase five-wire system.
9.2 Low-voltage power distribution
The layout of the power transformation & distribution equipment of the low-
voltage power distribution room of the substation shall comply with the
provisions of the national standard GB 50053.
9.3 Secondary line
9.3.1 The electrical equipment on the process line should be centrally monitored
and managed in the central control room; and incorporated into the automatic
control.
9.3.2 The control level of the electrical system shall be consistent with the
process level. It should be incorporated into the computer control system, or it
may be controlled by strong electricity.
10 Construction and acceptance
10.1 General requirements
10.1.1 The construction unit shall have the corresponding national engineering
construction qualification. For the construction project, it should use the bidding
to determine the construction unit and the supervision unit.
10.1.2 It shall follow engineering design drawings, technical documents,
equipment specifications, etc., to organize the engineering construction. The
engineering changes shall be implemented after obtaining the design change
documents from the design unit.
10.1.3 Equipment materials, semi-finished products, components used in
construction shall comply with the current national standards and design
requirements. They shall obtain the certificate of conformity from the supplier.
provisions of GB 50352.
10.2.1.10 Construction of other buildings shall be carried out in accordance with
the technical specifications for construction engineering measurement and
construction.
10.2.2 Equipment installation
10.2.2.1 Before equipment installation, it shall check the following documents:
a) Equipment installation instructions, electric diagrams, wiring diagrams;
b) Equipment’s instruction manual, operation and maintenance manual;
c) Protection and paint standards;
d) Product’s exit-factory certificate, performance test report, material
certificate;
e) Equipment unpacking acceptance record.
10.2.2.2 The equipment foundation shall comply with the following provisions:
a) The equipment foundation shall be poured according to the design
requirements and drawings. The concrete’s designation, the elevation of
the base surface shall comply with the requirements of specifications and
technical documents;
b) The concrete foundation shall be flat and solid and have vibration-isolation
measures;
c) The level and flatness of the embedded parts shall comply with the
provisions of GB 50231;
d) The anchor bolts shall be pre-buried in accordance with the requirements
of the original exit-factory manual; the position shall be accurate; the
installation shall be stable.
10.2.2.3 The installed machinery shall strictly conform to the nominal allowable
deviation of the external dimensions; it is not be allowed to exceed the tolerance.
10.2.2.4 It shall follow the requirements of the product’s technical documents to
carry out equipment installation and test run; do well in test-run records of
equipment, intermediate handover inspection records, construction records,
supervisory inspection records.
10.2.2.5 After the installation of electromechanical equipment, it shall meet the
following requirements:
10.3.2 The project acceptance includes intermediate acceptance and
completion acceptance. The intermediate acceptance shall be jointly carried out
by the construction unit in conjunction with the building unit, the design unit, the
quality supervision department. The building unit shall organize the construction,
design, management, quality supervision, relevant units to carry out completion
acceptance jointly.
10.3.3 After each construction procedure of the structure is completed, it shall
carry out the intermediate acceptance. After the concealed work passes the
intermediate acceptance, it can enter the next procedure.
10.3.4 Intermediate acceptance includes channel inspection, rebar inspection,
main body acceptance, installation acceptance, linkage test. In the intermediate
acceptance, it shall carry out inspection according to the specified quality
standards and fill the intermediate acceptance records.
10.3.5 After the installation of the decanter is completed, it shall follow the
requirements below to carry out the idle operation and fill test run:
a) Use a level meter to test the levelness of the decanter. Respectively, carry
out idle run and fill test. The rake of the decanter shall be kept level;
b) Use the method of checking the construction record and the ruler
inspection, to test the vertical deviation of the drainage branch and trunk
of the decanter;
c) Use the method of checking the construction records and ruler inspection,
to check the exhaust pipe, to ensure the opening of the upper end of the
exhaust pipe of the decanter is 200 mm above the water surface. There
shall be no blockage in the pipe;
d) Operate the decanter in the idling and water filling state. Respectively,
check the firmness of the bolt of the drainage riser of the decanter.
Maintain the stability of the drainage device of the decanter.
10.3.6 For the completion acceptance, it shall provide the following information:
a) As-built drawings and design change documents;
b) Certificate of conformity or test records of major materials and equipment;
c) Construction measurement records;
d) Test and inspection records of concrete, mortar, welding, water-tightness,
air-tightness;
e) Construction records;
a) The test-run shall cover all structures in accordance with the whole
process of design flowrate, to assess whether there is a problem with the
elevation layout of each structure;
b) Test and calculate the process parameters of each structure;
c) Determine the amount of settled sand, moisture, ash content in the grit
chamber;
d) Determine the SS value of the influent and effluent of the grit chamber;
e) Where there is the initial settlement tank, determine the sludge volume,
moisture content, ash content of the settlement tank;
f) Determine the MLSS value of the activated sludge in the SBR reaction tank;
g) Determine the MLVSS/MLSS ratio of the activated sludge in the SBR
reaction tank;
h) Determine the amount of residual sludge, moisture content, ash content;
i) The testing items of the quality of the influent and effluent of the SBR
include: pH, SS, chroma, COD, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen,
total phosphorus, total bacteria, coliform, petroleum, volatile phenol,
mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, total chromium (or hexavalent
chromium), cyanide;
j) Determination of toxic and harmful gases in sewage treatment plants
(stations);
k) Count the influent and effluent volume, the power consumption, the power
consumption of each item work of the whole plant;
l) Calculate the technical and economic indicators of the whole plant: the total
amount of BOD5 removal, the power consumption for BOD5 removal (kW
• h/kg), the operating cost of sewage treatment (Yuan/kg).
11 Operation and maintenance
11.1 General requirements
11.1.1 The operation, maintenance and safe production of the sewage
treatment plant (station) shall be carried out in accordance with CJJ 60.
11.1.2 The operation management of the sewage treatment plant (station) shall
ensure the continuous normal operation of the facility. The pollutant discharge
can meet the national and local emission standards and the total amount control
requirements.
11.1.3 Before the operation of the sewage treatment plant (station), it shall
formulate the process system diagram, facility operation and maintenance
procedures, establish management systems such as equipment account,
operation record, regular inspection, handover, safety inspection.
11.1.4 The process facilities and main equipment of the sewage treatment plant
(station) shall be included into the account, to carry out maintenance, overhaul
and inspection of all kinds of equipment, electrical, automation instruments and
building (structures) regularly, to ensure stable and reliable operation of the
facilities.
11.1.5 The operation and management personnel of the sewage treatment
plant (station) shall be familiar with the processing technology and technical
indicators of the factory as well as the operational requirements of the facilities
and equipment. They can only go to post after technical training and production
practice, passing the examination.
11.1.6 The operator shall perform system operation according to the operation
procedures of post, regularly check the operation of the structures, equipment,
electrical appliances, instruments.
11.1.7 Operators shall strictly perform their duties and responsibilities of the
posts, conduct patrols and handovers. The operators of each post shall make
relevant records in the production activities such as operation, inspection,
handover, maintenance.
11.1.8 It shall regularly check the operational control indicators and the quality
of the influent and effluent.
11.1.9 During the operation of sewage treatment plants (stations), it shall strictly
implement frequent and regular safety inspection systems, to eliminate
potential incidents and prevent accidents.
11.2 Operation
11.2.1 Adjustment of drainage ratio (or fill ratio)
When the set operating period is constant, when the actual influent flowrate
changes, it may use the method of regulating the drainage ratio (or fill ratio) to
ensure uniform water distribution in each reaction tank.
11.2.2 Regulation of operating cycle
When the amount of treated water changes greatly, it is necessary to regulate
the operating cycle according to the daily treated water volume during the peak
period, the daily treated water volume during the valley period, the daily average
11.3.1 The maintenance of the SBR reaction tank shall be the focus of the
maintenance of whole plant.
11.3.2 The operator shall strictly implement the equipment operation
procedures, make patrol inspection regularly on whether the equipment is
operating normally, including temperature-rise, noise, vibration, voltage, current,
etc. Any problems found shall be eliminated as soon as possible.
11.3.3 The rotating parts of each equipment shall maintain a good lubrication
state. It shall add lubricant in time and remove dirt. If oil leakage or seepage is
found, they shall be eliminated in time.
11.3.4 It shall regularly check the uniformity, flexibility of drainage, as well as
the reliability of the automatic control of the decanter. Any problems found shall
be eliminated in time.
11.3.5 At the beginning of the aeration of the blast aeration system, it shall
empty the water accumulated in the drainage pipeline. It shall also frequently
check the reliability of the automatic drainage valve.
11.3.6 The microporous aerator in the SBR reaction tank is easy to block. It
shall check the blockage and damage of the aerator at regular intervals. Any
damaged aerator shall be replaced in time, to keep the aeration system running
well.
11.3.7 The water-free working time of the pusher submersible agitator shall not
exceed 3 minutes.
11.3.8 During operation, it shall prevent vibrations due to damage or blockage
of the impeller of the pusher submersible agitator, turbulence caused by surface
air inhalation, uneven water flow, etc.
11.3.9 Regularly check and replace unqualified parts and consumables.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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