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HJ 1128-2020: Technical Specifications for Environmental Emergency Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plant Accidents
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Technical Specifications for Environmental Emergency Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plant Accidents
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HJ 1128-2020
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Standard similar to HJ 1128-2020 HJ 1119 HJ 1120 HJ 1118 Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 1128-2020 (HJ1128-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical Specifications for Environmental Emergency Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plant Accidents | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Word Count Estimation | 19,129 | | Date of Issue | 2020-06-03 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-06-30 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment Announcement No. 32 (2020) | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | HJ 1128-2020: Technical Specifications for Environmental Emergency Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plant Accidents
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical Specifications for Environmental Emergency Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plant Accidents
Technical specifications for environmental emergency monitoring of nuclear accidents in nuclear power plants
National Environmental Protection Standards of the People's Republic of China
2020-06-03 release
Issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment
2020-06-30 Implementation
Table of contents
Foreword...II
1 Scope of application...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and definitions...1
4 Purpose and principles...2
5 Emergency monitoring and response...3
6 Monitoring Scope and Distribution Principle in Emergency State...3
7 Monitoring content in emergency state...5
8 Sample collection, processing and management...9
9 Quality Assurance...9
Appendix A (reference appendix) Radiation protection of emergency monitoring personnel...11
Appendix B (informative appendix) Initial operating intervention level (OIL) setting...12
Appendix C (informative appendix) Radioactive level measurement requirements of various samples at different stages...13
Foreword
To implement the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution, and the Nuclear
The Safety Law and the Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China regulate the environmental emergency monitoring of nuclear accidents in nuclear power plants. This standard is specially formulated.
This standard specifies the general principles, content, methods and technical requirements for environmental emergency monitoring of nuclear accidents in nuclear power plants, and is recommended for implementation.
In actual work, considering the current technical level of emergency monitoring in our country, methods and technical routes different from this standard can be used, but it must be verified.
It is clear that the methods and routes used have at least the same technical level as this standard.
The appendix of this standard is an informative appendix.
This standard is issued for the first time.
This standard is formulated by the Department of Nuclear Facilities Safety Supervision and the Department of Regulations and Standards of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
Drafting organizations of this standard. Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Radiation Environment Monitoring Technology Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Tsinghua University,
Radiation Environment Supervision Station of Anhui Province, Suzhou Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Metrology, Heilongjiang Radiation Environment Supervision Station.
This standard was approved by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on June 3, 2020.
This standard will be implemented on June 30, 2020.
This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
Technical specifications for environmental emergency monitoring of nuclear accidents in nuclear power plants
1 Scope of application
This standard specifies the scope, layout, content, sample collection and management of emergency monitoring of off-site radiation environment when a nuclear accident occurs in a nuclear power plant.
Technical requirements for management and quality assurance.
This standard applies to the off-site environmental emergency monitoring implemented by off-site emergency organizations when a nuclear accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, and nuclear accidents occur in other nuclear facilities.
Therefore, the off-site environmental emergency monitoring can be implemented by reference.
2 Normative references
The content of this standard refers to the terms in the following documents. For undated reference documents, their valid versions are applicable to this standard.
GB 18871 Basic standard for ionizing radiation protection and radiation source safety
GB/T 14583 Code for determination of environmental surface gamma radiation dose rate
HJ/T 61 Technical Specification for Radiation Environmental Monitoring
HJ 1009 Technical Specification for Operation of Automatic Radiation Ambient Air Monitoring Station
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1 emergency response (action) emergency response (action)
Emergency actions taken to control or mitigate the consequences of a nuclear accident or radiation emergency.
3.2 Emergency monitoring
The emergency monitoring in the text of this standard refers to the off-site radiation environment monitoring performed when a nuclear accident occurs in a nuclear power plant.
3.3 Operational intervention level, OIL
A set of measurable radionuclide levels or gamma radiation levels in environmental or food samples corresponding to the general intervention level.
3.4 Early phase monitoring
It is expected that the radioactive material will be released soon or the radioactive material has begun to be released to the off-site radiation environmental monitoring.
This stage can be divided into two situations. before release and the beginning of release.
3.5 Intermediate phase monitoring
The release of radioactive materials has stopped until most of the radioactive materials have settled, and the prevention of additional exposure to residents is completed or is being implemented.
The off-site radiation environment monitoring activities conducted during the protection behavior stage.
3.6 late phase monitoring
Off-site radiation environment monitoring activities during the recovery phase after the accident.
3.7 Automatic environmental radiation monitoring and air sampling station
A fixed station for automatic monitoring of environmental gamma radiation and automatic sampling of air samples, referred to as "fixed automatic station".
3.8 Portable environmental radiation automatic monitoring unit
A device for automatic monitoring of environmental gamma radiation that can be self-powered and can be quickly deployed to the site for networking monitoring, referred to as "dropping automatic device".
4 Purpose and principles
4.1 Purpose
The main purpose of implementing emergency monitoring is to protect public health and radiation environment safety, and to provide data for accident judgment and emergency decision-making;
To determine the monitoring data required for implementing emergency protection actions; provide key data for environmental impact and dose assessment; provide radiation to the public
Environmental monitoring data.
4.2 Principle
4.2.1 Graded response. The emergency monitoring should be determined according to different emergency states of nuclear accidents (plant emergency, site emergency, and off-site emergency).
The scope, monitoring items, and input power will be strengthened step by step with the improvement of the emergency state of nuclear accidents.
4.2.2 Close and distant. The spots should be arranged reasonably close to the radius of the nuclear accident, and should be arranged densely in the sensitive areas of the dominant wind and downwind direction.
4.2.3 Quick response. Emergency monitoring should respond as quickly as possible and obtain monitoring results as soon as possible.
4.2.4 Focus first. Emergency monitoring resources should be allocated according to the monitoring priorities at different stages, and the areas near the accident site should be implemented as a priority.
A monitoring project of the operational intervention level (OIL) in the living area of the affected residents.
4.2.5 Continuous monitoring. Emergency monitoring should continuously provide monitoring data in a specific space.
4.2.6 The data is reliable. Effective quality assurance measures should be taken to ensure the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data.
4.2.7 Comprehensive analysis. We should make full use of the accumulated radiation environment monitoring data, nuclear power plant
The release of radioactive materials in nuclear accidents, meteorological conditions and the prediction and evaluation results of nuclear accident consequences, and conduct emergency monitoring plan design and result analysis.
5 Emergency monitoring and response
5.1 Monitoring in the emergency state of the plant
5.1.1 Emergency monitoring personnel are on standby to ensure that all kinds of emergency monitoring equipment and auxiliary equipment and materials are readily available. Pay close attention to nuclear
Environmental monitoring data of stationary automatic stations around the power plant. According to the accident situation, pay close attention to the effluent online monitoring data, if there is effluent
For discharge to the environment, sampling and measurement of effluent discharge should be carried out.
5.2 Monitoring on site under emergency conditions
5.2.1 The fixed automatic station within the range of 30km enters emergency operation state, and obtains a gamma radiation level value every minute.
5.2.2 Start the vehicle-mounted survey within 10km, and conduct atmospheric sampling and analysis. If necessary, refer to Table 1 and Table 2 for monitoring. Do well in
Preparations for monitoring on a larger scale.
5.3 Monitoring in an off-site emergency state
5.3.1 Continue to implement emergency monitoring in 5.2 site area, determine the scope of monitoring based on the principle of spot placement and release conditions, and deploy automatic devices as needed.
5.3.2 Carry out emergency monitoring work according to the monitoring plan at different stages.
5.4 During the implementation of emergency monitoring, the emergency monitoring personnel shall be protected (see Appendix A).
6 Monitoring Scope and Distribution Principles in Emergency State
According to the requirements of Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, the monitoring scope and monitoring points should be determined under different emergency conditions. Off-site emergency
Implement according to the following requirements. Simplification and reduction should be carried out in accordance with the potential impact of the accident in the field emergency and factory emergency state.
6.1 Scope of emergency monitoring
6.1.1 In principle, in the early stage, the key land monitoring range is 30km, and the monitoring range can be gradually expanded according to the radioactive pollution situation
Up to 50km; the monitoring range may need to be extended to 80km for a large amount of radioactive release caused by a serious accident of a reactor with a thermal power ≥1000MW
Even farther away.
6.1.2 If marine radioactive pollution occurs, in the early stage, the key monitoring range at sea is 5km. According to the radioactive pollution, the monitoring
The radius can be gradually expanded to 30km; for the large amount of radioactive release caused by a serious accident of a reactor with a thermal power ≥1000MW, it should be
According to the actual situation, the monitoring of coastal waters will be focused on, and the monitoring scope in the middle and later stages will be extended to more distant waters that may be polluted.
6.1.3 The actual emergency monitoring scope shall be based on the monitoring data, the release of radioactive materials in nuclear accidents of nuclear power plants, meteorological conditions and nuclear accidents.
Therefore, the results of the prediction and evaluation of the consequences are adjusted.
6.2 Principles of emergency monitoring
6.2.1 Environmental gamma radiation level
a) In principle, at least one continuous automatic monitoring point of gamma radiation shall be arranged in each land sector delineated by 16 azimuths within a range of 30km.
In addition, the number of points should be appropriately increased in the downwind direction of the dominant wind direction and densely populated areas within 10km. Before release, predict the consequences of a nuclear accident
Evaluate areas with high radiation levels where evacuation and concealment are expected to occur in the downwind direction, and the deployment of automatic devices will be supplemented in advance. Radioactive
After the mass release, according to the release of radioactive material in the nuclear accident of the nuclear power plant, meteorological conditions and the results of the prediction and evaluation of the consequences of the nuclear accident,
Implement or have implemented evacuated or concealed leeward and crosswind area supplementary release automatic device, make the land sector at least 10km,
There are continuous automatic monitoring points for gamma radiation in the range of (10-20) km and (20-30) km.
b) Within the range of (30~50) km, in principle, a continuous automatic gamma radiation monitoring station should be installed in cities above the county level.
When the fixed automatic station is used, it shall be supplemented by a drop-in automatic device when conditions permit.
c) Within the range of (50~80) km, in principle, a continuous automatic gamma radiation monitoring station should be installed in cities above the prefecture level.
When setting automatic stations, when necessary and conditions permit, use automatic devices to supplement, or use manual or vehicle-mounted inspection methods to implement the machine
Dynamic monitoring points; according to the monitoring data, the release of radioactive materials, meteorological conditions and consequences of nuclear power plants
Predict the evaluation results, natural and social environmental conditions, and comprehensive research and judgment can appropriately reduce the location and frequency of gamma radiation measurement.
d) In principle, the environmental monitoring data of fixed automatic stations in cities above the prefecture level within a range of 300km should be obtained in time.
e) The monitoring points set in the supervisory monitoring plan of the nuclear safety regulatory authority shall be used as emergency monitoring points, unless there is an unimplementable
Conditions such as road conditions, climate, and gamma radiation levels make manual measurements impossible.
f) The determined gamma radiation measurement points or survey routes should not be changed, unless there are unimplementable circumstances, such as road conditions, climate and
Gamma radiation levels, etc. make manual measurement impossible. Consider possible changes in the direction of the radioactive plume diffusion, which can be appropriate based on actual conditions
Adjust the inspection route.
g) In areas where residents have evacuated, manual gamma radiation measurement points will be cancelled at an early stage.
h) The gamma radiation measurement point should be selected as far as possible in the open open ground, that is, in principle, it should meet the GB/T 14583 monitoring technical requirements; if not possible
To meet the requirements, the environmental characteristics of the measuring point should be described while reporting the data.
i) In the sea area within 10km, inhabited islands, radioactive plume spreading direction or sensitive areas, gamma radiation level monitoring should be implemented.
6.2.2 Atmosphere and sediment
a) Set 3~5 at the boundary of the plant, where the maximum plume concentration falls outside the plant, in residential areas or sensitive areas within a radius of 10km
Monitoring of aerosols and gaseous iodine are carried out at each point; in the downwind direction of the prevailing wind, set up sediment collection points.
b) According to the needs of emergency response, conduct monitoring in areas deemed necessary.
6.2.3 Soil, surface water and terrestrial organisms
a) In areas where the environmental gamma radiation level exceeds OIL3 (see Appendix B) outside of the evacuation action, the land surface soil,
Surface water and terrestrial organisms.
b) Sampling shall be conducted at all centralized water supply sources of lakes and reservoirs and rivers of medium-sized and above within a range of 80km.
c) According to the needs of emergency response, sampling in areas deemed necessary.
6.2.4 Ocean
a) At the beginning of the monitoring in the early stage, according to the pollutant discharge situation, within the 5km monitoring range, according to the principle of closeness and distance, fan-shaped
According to the pollution situation, the monitoring range will be extended to 30km, and each marine sector delineated in 16 directions shall be distributed at least
Set up a seawater sampling and analysis site, and if necessary, conduct sediment sampling at the same site as seawater sampling.
b) When entering the middle and later stages of monitoring, various situations should be integrated, and the monitoring scope must be extended to further sea areas that may be polluted.
And increase representative marine biological monitoring.
6.2.5 Ground radioactive deposition
When necessary, monitor in the middle and later stages, and encrypt environmental gamma radiation levels or soil radioactivity monitoring through grid layout to master the details
Fine ground radioactive deposition level. Determine the density of the grid according to the early stage monitoring results, release conditions and environmental conditions.
6.2.6 Indicator creature
In the middle and later stages of monitoring, the indicator organisms should be sampled and analyzed daily to weekly according to actual conditions.
7 Monitoring content under emergency conditions
The following monitoring content shall be implemented in an off-site emergency state. Simplification and reduction should be carried out in accordance with the potential impact of the accident in the field emergency and factory emergency state.
7.1 Emergency monitoring plan
7.1.1 Early stage monitoring plan
7.1.1.1 In the early stage of monitoring, priority is given to the implementation of OIL monitoring. The main points of the monitoring are as follows.
a) Priority is given to the continuous automatic measurement of gamma radiation. When the fixed automatic station fails or the azimuth distance cannot meet the monitoring requirements,
A drop-in automatic device should be deployed, or a vehicle-mounted or aerial survey should be used. When conditions permit, aerial surveys are recommended first;
b) In principle, there must be at least one automatic station for the area where OIL1 (see Appendix B) corresponding protective action is to be taken. Should be expected due to
When natural disasters cause measurement difficulties, select alternative measurement points and set priorities.
7.1.1.2 At the early stage, monitoring should also pay attention to the level of atmospheric radioactivity.
7.1.1.3 Settlement, soil and organisms shall be sampled as required and analyzed if necessary.
7.1.1.4 The early stage monitoring plan is shown in Table 1.
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