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GB/T 8541-2012 English PDF

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GB/T 8541-2012: Terminology of forging and stamping
Status: Valid

GB/T 8541: Evolution and historical versions

Standard IDContents [version]USDSTEP2[PDF] delivered inStandard Title (Description)StatusPDF
GB/T 8541-2012English2789 Add to Cart 13 days [Need to translate] Terminology of forging and stamping Valid GB/T 8541-2012
GB/T 8541-1997EnglishRFQ ASK 3 days [Need to translate] Terminolgy of forging and stamping Obsolete GB/T 8541-1997
GB/T 8541-1987EnglishRFQ ASK 3 days [Need to translate] Terminology of forging and stamping Obsolete GB/T 8541-1987

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Basic data

Standard ID GB/T 8541-2012 (GB/T8541-2012)
Description (Translated English) Terminology of forging and stamping
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard J32
Classification of International Standard 77.140.85; 25.020; 25.010
Word Count Estimation 174,199
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB/T 8541-1997
Quoted Standard GB/T 7232-1999; GB/T 8845-2006; GB/T 9453-2008
Regulation (derived from) National Standards Bulletin 2012 No. 9
Issuing agency(ies) General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Summary This standard specifies the forging, stamping, rolling, extrusion, upsetting, drawing, spinning, and other forming processes, forging tooling, forging machines and related processes before and after forming the terminology and definitions.

GB/T 8541-2012: Terminology of forging and stamping

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Terminology of forging and stamping ICS 77.140.85, 25.020, 25.010 J32 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replacing GB/T 8541-1997 forging terminology Released on.2012-05-11 2012-12-01 Implementation General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Released by the Standardization Administration of China directory Preface I 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Basic terms 1 4 Plastic forming theory 6 5 Forging 22 6 Stamping 30 7 Rolled 47 8 Squeeze 52 9 Upsetting 56 10 Pull 57 11 Spinning 58 12 Other forming processes 67 13 Process and quality inspection before and after forming 68 14 Forge workers, dies 80 15 Friction and Lubrication 91 16 Forging machines and mechanization, automation 93 Chinese Pinyin Index 118 English Corresponding Word Index 133 forging terminology

1 Scope

This standard specifies forging, stamping, rolling, extrusion, upsetting, drawing, spinning and other forming processes, forging dies, forging machines and Terms and definitions of related processes before and after forming.

2 Normative references

The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 7232-1999 Terms of Metal Heat Treatment Process GB/T 8845-2006 Die Terminology GB/T 9453-2008 Forging Die Terminology

3 Basic terms

3.1 General terminology 3.1.1 forging and stamping Apply external force to the blank to produce plastic deformation, change size, shape and improve performance to manufacture mechanical parts, workpieces or blanks forming method. It is a general term for forging and stamping. 3.1.2 Use the plasticity of metal to change its shape, size and improve its properties, and obtain the processing method of profiles, bars, plates, wires or forgings. Law. It includes forging, stamping, extrusion, rolling, drawing, etc. 3.1.3 Use pressure to plastically deform metal to change shape, size and improve properties to obtain profiles, bars, plates, wires or forgings part processing method. 3.1.4 chipless machining chiplessworking; chiplessmachining A process method in which metal blanks are directly obtained by casting, forging or other metal processing methods without further cutting. 3.1.5 rotarymetalworking A plastic working method in which only the billet is turned, or only the tool is turned, or both. Including longitudinal rolling, skew rolling, swing rolling, cross wedge rolling, roll bending, Roll forging, spinning, etc. 3.1.6 sheetforming A method of plastic working with sheets, thin-walled tubes, thin profiles, etc. as raw materials. 3.1.7 Bulkforming A method of plastic working with bar or ingot as raw material. 3.1.8 hot forging A forging process performed above the recrystallization temperature of the metal. 3.1.9 warm forging In general, it refers to the forging process carried out in the range above room temperature and below the recrystallization temperature. 3.1.10 cold forging Forging process carried out at room temperature. Including cold extrusion, cold heading, cold stamping, etc. 3.1.11 isothermal forging A forging method in which the temperature remains constant throughout the forging process. This method requires heating the mold and billet to the forging temperature. 3.1.12 Primary metalworking A general term for the processing processes used to manufacture raw materials such as plates, bars, and profiles. 3.1.13 The raw materials (plates, bars, profiles, etc.) that have been obtained by the primary forming process are subjected to plastic processing again to manufacture mechanical parts, A method of forming a workpiece or blank. 3.1.14 forming The process of plastically deforming a solid material to obtain an article of the desired shape and size. 3.1.15 preforming The blank shape is partially changed to obtain a shape more suitable for further plastic deformation. 3.1.16 hot forming The forming process of metals above the recrystallization temperature. For metal materials, this temperature is about the metal dissolution temperature (K, Kelvin) degrees) 40%. 3.1.17 warmforming In general, it refers to the forming process of the material in the range above room temperature and below the recrystallization temperature. 3.1.18 coldforming The material is not subjected to any preheating before forming, i.e. a forming process at room temperature. 3.1.19 forging Under the action of pressure equipment and tools (molds), the billets and ingots are partially or completely plastically deformed to obtain a certain geometric size, Methods of machining forgings of shape and quality. 3.1.20 stamping;pressing;sheetforming A general term for the process of separating or forming sheets to obtain parts. 3.1.21 rolling roling The metal material (or non-metallic material) produces continuous plastic deformation under the pressure of the rotating roll to obtain the required cross-sectional shape and The methods of changing its performance can be divided into three types. longitudinal rolling, cross rolling and cross rolling according to the relationship between the axis of the roll and the rolling line and the direction of the roll. 3.1.22 extrusion Under the action of three-way uneven compressive stress in the closed die cavity, the blank is extruded from the orifice or gap of the die, so that the cross-sectional area is reduced. The processing method for the desired product. 3.1.23 Upsetting heading; upsetting Pressing or hammering in the axial direction of the billet causes local upsetting deformation of the metal. 3.1.24 drawing The billet is pulled out through the die hole under the action of traction force, causing it to plastically deform to obtain a process of reducing the section and increasing the length. 3.1.25 Spinning metalspinning A process method for processing metal hollow rotating body parts. As the spinning die or spinning tool rotates around the blank, the spinning tool and the blank The relative feed causes the blank to be compressed and produces continuous local deformation or separation, which includes ordinary spinning, thinning spinning and separation spinning. 3.2 Raw materials 3.2.1 bar A rolled product with a uniform cross-section, whose cross-section is circular or polygonal. 3.2.1.1 hot rolled bar blackbar; hotrolledbarstock Bars produced by the hot rolling process. 3.2.1.2 bright bar brightbar Bars with bright surface after cold drawing or light turning, polishing, peeling and other mechanical processing of the bar according to a certain design tolerance. 3.2.1.3 drawingbar Cold drawn bar steel. Usually hot rolled bars are used for cold drawing. 3.2.1.4 Extruded shape Long profiles manufactured by hot extrusion. 3.2.2 sheetsheetmaterial;sheetmetal;sheet A smooth, flat metal semi-product rolled from a slab whose length and width are far greater than the thickness. 3.2.2.1 strip material; strip A sheet of metal whose width is relatively small compared to its length. The length can be so large that it has to be rolled up, which is commonly referred to as roll stock. 3.2.2.2 coil;coiledstrip;coilstock;coilstrip;coilmetal Tightly wound into a cylindrical continuous strip. 3.2.2.3 strip shearedstrip A sheet cut from a sheet whose width is less than its length. 3.2.2.4 cold-rolled steelsheet;coldrolingsteelsheet The final finishing operation is the cold rolled steel plate. 3.2.2.5 Specially rolled steel sheet suitable for deep drawing deformation. 3.2.2.6 After surface treatment, the surface has a certain thickness of plated (infiltrated) and coated steel plates, such as galvanized sheet, tin-plated sheet, aluminized sheet, lead-tin alloy Plate, chrome-plated plate, copper-plated plate, color-coated plate, niobium-infiltrated plate, titanium-infiltrated plate, etc. 3.2.2.7 thick plate Sheets with a thickness of 5mm or more. 3.2.2.8 Mediumplate Sheets with a thickness of 3mm~5mm. 3.2.2.9 thin plate; sheet; thinsheet Sheets with a thickness of less than 3mm. 3.2.2.10 sheetgauge; sheetthickness The thickness of the sheet is measured according to a standard system. 3.2.3 wire By drawing or rolling, the metal bar is made into circular or arbitrary cross-section, long-length filament, the diameter of which is about 15mm or less, and the coil is In a disc shape, available in great lengths. 3.3 Blank (blank) 3.3.1 die cut blank croppedpiece A section of material separated from flat steel, without material loss during punching. 3.3.2 flatblank A piece of metal material cut or punched from sheet or strip. 3.3.3 circularblank Circular blanks as blanks for the forming process. 3.3.4 scrap scrap; sheet scrap Material remaining after blanking, shearing, grooving, trimming, etc., or scraps that cannot be used for further processing. 3.3.4.1 scrap side selvedge The outer edge of the scrap left over from the blanking process of the strip or strip. 3.4 Stamping parts 3.4.1 blanked part; blank A plane piece punched from a sheet or strip, and its contour lines are all surrounded by the interior of the sheet or strip, which can be used as a preform. parts, and can also be used as finished parts. 3.4.2 bentpart; bentcomponent; bendingpart A workpiece formed by a bending process. 3.4.3 coinpart; coiningpart A workpiece formed by an embossing process. 3.4.4 drawing part drawnpart;drawingpart;drawncomponent;drawpiece A workpiece obtained by deep drawing a sheet metal. 3.4.5 cup deepdrawncup A cylindrical hollow part closed at one end obtained by a deep drawing process on a press. 3.4.6 shearpart;blank Product parts cut from sheet metal. 3.4.7 Fine blanking part fineblankingpart A workpiece made of sheet metal by a precision blanking process. 3.5 Forgings 3.5.1 A partially formed forging whose shape is intermediate between the billet and the final forging. 3.5.2 Finishedforging The forging formed by the last deformation step. 3.5.3 Forgings whose tolerances can be achieved economically. 3.5.4 Precision forgingsclose-toleranceforging Forgings with smaller dimensional tolerances than ordinary precision forgings. 3.5.5 Free forging open-dieforging; freeforging Only use simple universal tools, or directly apply external force to the blank between the upper and lower anvils of the forging equipment to deform the blank. Forgings of desired geometry and internal quality. 3.5.6 A workpiece or blank obtained by forging a metal material through a tire die. 3.5.7 die forging A workpiece or blank obtained by deforming a metal material through die forging. 3.5.7.1 Steel die forging steeldieforging A workpiece or blank obtained by deforming a steel material through die forging. 3.5.8 cold forging A workpiece or blank obtained by forging and deforming a metal material at room temperature. 3.5.9 cold extrusion A part or billet manufactured by cold extrusion. 3.5.10 cold heading Parts made of metal materials by cold heading process. 3.5.11 rolforging A workpiece or blank manufactured by the roll forging process.

4 Plastic forming theory

4.1 Rigid-perfectlyplasticbody Under the condition of large deformation, an assumption is put forward for the deformable body in order to simplify the analysis problem. The material is rigid before the yield point Once it reaches the yield point, it enters the plastic flow state, and the flow stress does not change with the strain.

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