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GB/T 51368-2019: Technical standard for photovoltaic system on building
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Technical standard for photovoltaic system on building
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GB/T 51368-2019
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 51368-2019 (GB/T51368-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical standard for photovoltaic system on building | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P30 | | Classification of International Standard | 91.140.50 | | Word Count Estimation | 73,726 | | Date of Issue | 2019 | | Date of Implementation | 2019-12-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation | GB/T 51368-2019: Technical standard for photovoltaic system on building---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 This standard is formulated to promote building energy conservation and emission reduction, promote the application of photovoltaic systems in buildings, and standardize the design, construction, acceptance and operation and maintenance of building photovoltaic systems.
1.0.2 This standard applies to the design, construction, acceptance and operation and maintenance of new construction, expansion and reconstruction of building photovoltaic systems.
1.0.3 The design, construction, acceptance and operation and maintenance of building photovoltaic systems shall not only comply with this standard, but also comply with the current relevant national standards.
2 terms
2.0.1 building mounted photovoltaic (PV) system
Installed on a building, a power generation system that uses the photovoltaic effect of solar cells to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy.
2.0.2 Photovoltaic (PV) module
It is the smallest indivisible photovoltaic battery combination device with packaging and internal connection, which can provide direct current output alone.
2.0.3 Photovoltaic module component
Photovoltaic modules with the function of building components.
2.0.4 combiner box
In the photovoltaic power generation system, several photovoltaic modules are connected in series and parallel and then connected.
2.0.5 grid-connected inverter
A device that converts DC power from photovoltaic arrays or photovoltaic modules into AC power that meets grid requirements and feeds it into the grid.
2.0.6 building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV)
Photovoltaic power generation equipment is used as building materials or components in the form of building applications, also known as photovoltaic building integration.
2.0.7 building attached photovoltaic (BAPV)
Photovoltaic power generation equipment is not used as building materials or components, and is installed on existing buildings.
2.0.8 stand-alone photovoltaic system
Photovoltaic systems that are not connected to the public grid are also called off-grid photovoltaic systems.
3 Basic Regulations
3.0.1 The power generation scale and form of the building photovoltaic system should be determined in consideration of factors such as solar energy resources, building conditions, installation and transportation conditions, and load characteristics, and should meet the requirements of safety, reliability, economy and applicability, environmental protection and beauty, and ease of installation and maintenance.
3.0.2 The construction of building photovoltaic systems should be coordinated with the overall planning and power planning of the area.
3.0.3 The design of building photovoltaic systems should analyze the local solar radiation resources, and the influence of the surrounding environment on solar radiation and system operation should be analyzed.
3.0.4 The application of building photovoltaic system can adopt building integrated photovoltaic power generation system and building additional photovoltaic power generation system, and the architectural design should reserve the construction conditions of building photovoltaic system.
3.0.5 The construction of photovoltaic systems on new buildings should be designed, constructed and checked simultaneously with the main building.
3.0.6 The building photovoltaic system should be included in the load calculation of the building's main structure and envelope.
3.0.7 When building photovoltaic systems are added to existing buildings, the structural safety, durability and electrical safety of the existing buildings should be reviewed.
4 basic conditions
4.0.1 The following environmental data of the location of the construction project should be obtained before designing the building photovoltaic system.
1 Solar resource data and resource analysis report;
2.Seismic fortification requirements for the location of the construction project;
3 The basic wind pressure and basic snow pressure of the project construction site;
4 Corrosion of salt spray and acid rain in the construction site;
5 The average annual number of sandstorms, lightning strikes on buildings, air pollution and visibility in the past 10 years;
6 Control requirements of surrounding building users on noise and light pollution.
4.0.2 The following information should be obtained before the design of the building photovoltaic system connected to the grid.
1 Building photovoltaic system installed capacity, power generation, annual utilization hours, commissioning time and operating cycle;
2 Connected to the grid voltage level, main transformer capacity, main transformer reserved capacity, outgoing line interval reservation and expansion conditions;
3 Cable laying method, model, length and path;
4 The type and access capacity of other power sources of the access point;
5 Types of electricity loads such as industrial electricity, commercial electricity, and residential electricity;
6 Building electricity load and regional electricity load;
7 Power quality requirements in the power load area;
8 Remote scheduling requirements;
9 Measuring points and methods of on-grid electricity and on-grid electricity consumption;
10 Ways of consumption.
4.0.3 The following building materials should be obtained before designing the building photovoltaic system.
1 Building scale and main functions;
2 Building types such as industrial buildings and civil buildings;
3 Building storeys and height, building height control requirements;
4 Requirements for building control lines;
5 architectural modeling and appearance design requirements;
6 The design service life of the building;
7 The thermal performance requirements of the building envelope for the building climate zone;
8 Building roof waterproof grade and basic structure;
9 Requirements for various building physical performance indicators, in-plane deformation performance and seismic requirements of the building envelope;
10 Building fire resistance grades and the combustion performance and fire resistance limit of corresponding components of buildings with different fire resistance grades;
11 Building structure type and load standard value.
5 Equipment and materials
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 Building photovoltaic system equipment and materials shall comply with building safety regulations, and shall meet building functional requirements when used as building materials or components.
5.1.2 The selection of building photovoltaic system equipment and materials should be coordinated with the appearance and function of the building.
5.1.3 The architectural design of the building photovoltaic system should select the corresponding component type, structural scheme and construction measures in combination with the functional requirements.
5.1.4 Building photovoltaic power generation equipment and components shall comply with the strength, rigidity and stability regulations during transportation, installation and use.
5.2 Photovoltaic modules
5.2.1 The photovoltaic modules used in buildings can be classified according to the following types.
1 Conventional photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic components can be selected according to the combination with the building;
2 According to the type of photovoltaic cells, crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, thin film photovoltaic modules and other types of photovoltaic modules can be selected.
5.2.2 Crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Design Appraisal and Finalization of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules for Ground Use" GB/T 9535, and thin-film photovoltaic modules shall comply with the current national standard "Design Appraisal and Finalization of Ground-Use Thin Film Photovoltaic Modules" "Relevant provisions of GB/T 18911.
5.2.3 The safety performance of photovoltaic modules shall comply with the current national standard "Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Appraisal Part 1.Structural Requirements" GB/T 20047.1.
5.2.4 When photovoltaic laminated glass is used in building photovoltaic systems, it shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Solar Photovoltaic Laminated Glass for Buildings" GB/T 29551, and when photovoltaic insulating glass is used, it shall comply with the current national standard "Solar Photovoltaic Insulating Glass for Buildings" Relevant regulations of GB/T 29759.
5.2.5 When photovoltaic components are used as architectural glass curtain walls, their quality should meet the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Technical Specifications for Glass Curtain Wall Engineering" JGJ 102.
5.2.6 The color uniformity of building exterior photovoltaic components shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "General Technical Requirements for Building Photovoltaic Components" JG/T 492.
5.2.7 The building photovoltaic system shall meet the requirements of local special environmental conditions such as dry heat, humid heat, high altitude, coastal, desert, strong wind and heavy snowfall.
5.2.8 The attenuation rates of polycrystalline silicon, monocrystalline silicon and thin-film solar modules should not be higher than 2.5%, 3% and 5% within one year from the date when the project is put into operation, and the attenuation rate should not be higher than 0.7% every year thereafter.
5.2.9 The service life of photovoltaic modules used in photovoltaic daylighting roofs, transparent photovoltaic curtain walls, non-translucent photovoltaic curtain walls, photovoltaic windows, photovoltaic sunshades, etc. Relevant provisions of JG/T 492 General Technical Requirements for Components.
5.2.10 The fire rating of photovoltaic modules should not be lower than the fire rating of materials required by the building where it is located.
5.5.7 The inner diameter of the cable protection tube should not be less than 1.5 times the outer diameter of the cable to be worn, and the bending radius should meet the requirements for the bending radius of the cable to be inserted, and each cable protection tube should not exceed 3 bends, and the right-angle bend should not more than 2.
5.6 Combiner box
5.6.1 The performance of combiner boxes for building photovoltaic systems shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Technical Requirements for Combiner Boxes in Photovoltaic Power Stations" GB/T 34936.
5.6.2 The combiner box should be selected according to technical parameters such as operating environment, insulation level, protection level, rated voltage, number of input and output circuits, input and output rated current, operating temperature, installation method and process. The input circuit of the combiner box should have anti-reverse function and anti-reverse measures should be set.
5.6.3 The shell of the combiner box for the building photovoltaic system should be made of metal materials, and all connecting cables, terminals, insulating materials and other non-metallic materials in the combiner box should be made of flame-retardant materials.
5.7 AC/DC distribution cabinet
5.7.1 The AC/DC power distribution cabinet (box) should be selected according to the operating environment, cabinet form, installation method, voltage level, insulation level, protection level, number of input and output circuits, input and output rated current and other parameters.
5.7.2 The design of AC/DC power distribution cabinets (boxes) shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Low-Voltage Power Distribution" GB 50054 and "Low-Voltage Complete Switchgear and Control Equipment Part 1.General Rules" GB 7251.1.
5.7.3 The body and nameplate of the AC/DC power distribution cabinet (box) should be made of metal.
5.7.4 There should be an obvious live warning sign on the panel of the AC/DC power distribution cabinet (box).
5.7.5 The accuracy grades of measuring transformers and measuring meters in AC/DC distribution cabinets (boxes) shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard GB/T 50063 "Code for Design of Electric Measuring Instruments for Electric Power Installations".
5.7.6 Copper busbars should be used in AC/DC power distribution cabinets (boxes). The surface of the busbars should be smooth and smooth, and there should be no cracks, scratches, deformation or distortion.
5.7.7 The positive pole and negative pole of the output circuit of the DC power distribution cabinet should be equipped with lightning protection devices, and the technical performance should meet the current national standards "Technical Requirements for Lightning Protection of Photovoltaic Power Stations" GB/T 32512 and "Technical Regulations for Lightning Protection of Photovoltaic Power Stations" Relevant provisions of DL/T 1364.
5.7.8 Each electrical component and wiring end in the AC/DC distribution cabinet (box) should have clear marks that are not easy to fall off and discolor for a long time, and the marks should be consistent with those on the wiring diagram provided with the AC/DC distribution cabinet The marks are consistent.
5.7.9 The metal frame or base of the components in the AC/DC power distribution cabinet (box) shall be grounded, and the grounding and grounding copper bars shall be clearly marked.
5.8 Inverter
5.8.1 The performance of grid-connected inverters used in building photovoltaic systems shall comply with the relevant provisions of current national standards.
5.8.2 The inverter should be installed in a dry and ventilated room, and the total rated capacity of the inverter should be determined according to the installed capacity of the system.
5.8.3 The material fire protection requirements of the inverter shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standards.
5.8.4 The enclosure protection level of the inverter should comply with the current national standard "Enclosure Protection Level (IP Code)" GB/T 4208.The indoor type should not be lower than IP20, and the outdoor type should not be lower than IP54.
5.9 Energy Storage System
5.9.1 The energy storage system for building photovoltaic system should adopt the electrochemical energy storage method. The design of the electrochemical energy storage system should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Stations" GB 51048.
5.9.2 The performance of the electrochemical energy storage system shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "General Technical Conditions for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems in Power Systems" GB/T 36558.
5.9.3 The lithium-ion electrochemical energy storage battery management system shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Technical Specifications for Lithium-ion Battery Management System for Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Stations" GB/T 34131.
5.9.4 The electrochemical energy storage system should be installed in layers and stacked in multiple layers. The cells on the same layer should be connected by copper bars with insulating sheaths, and cables should be connected between different layers. The installation of battery packs should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Batteries in Electrical Installation Engineering" GB 50172.
5.9.5 The energy storage system shall be equipped with a special energy storage battery room free from high temperature, no humidity, no vibration, less dust, avoid direct sunlight and have good ventilation. The energy storage battery room shall be equipped with explosion-proof lighting.
5.10 Lightning protection and grounding
5.10.1 Materials used for lightning protection devices of building photovoltaic systems should be selected according to building lightning protection level requirements, on-site soil conditions and climate conditions.
5.10.2 The lightning receptors, down conductors and grounding bodies used in building photovoltaic systems shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Lightning Protection Design of Buildings" GB 50057 and "Technical Requirements for Lightning Protection of Photovoltaic Power Stations" GB/T 32512.
5.10.3 When using photovoltaic square array metal brackets and building metal parts as down conductors, their materials and dimensions should be able to withstand the mechanical and thermal effects generated when the expected lightning current is discharged.
5.10.4 When the lightning protection device of the photovoltaic power generation system uses steel bars in reinforced concrete roofs, beams, columns, and foundations as downconductors and grounding devices, the specifications and sizes of the steel bars should comply with the current national standard "Code for Lightning Protection Design of Buildings" GB 50057 the relevant regulations.
5.10.5 Anti-corrosion measures should be taken for the welding parts of the building photovoltaic system air-termination, down-conductor and grounding device.
6 designs
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 The appearance of the building photovoltaic system should be coordinated with the architectural style.
6.1.2 The installation of solar photovoltaic power generation systems on existing buildings should not affect the lighting and ventilation of the building, and should not cause an increase in building energy consumption.
6.1.3 The architectural design of building photovoltaic systems should meet the requirements of various physical properties of building components. According to local characteristics, photovoltaic power generation Anti-seismic, fireproof, anti-corrosion and other technical measures.
6.1.4 The building photovoltaic system shall take necessary safety protection measures at the place where photovoltaic modules are installed.
6.1.5 The secondary radiation and light pollution that may be caused by photovoltaic modules should be analyzed and corresponding measures should be taken.
6.2 Architectural Design
6.2.1 When building photovoltaic systems and supporting structures are used as building protrusions, they shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Unified Standards for Design of Civil Buildings" GB 50352.
6.2.2 During the layout of the photovoltaic power generation system, it should be avoided to be blocked by the surrounding environment, landscape facilities and green planting.
6.2.3 The design of building photovoltaic system should select the type, size, color and installation location of photovoltaic modules according to factors such as architectural effect, design concept, usable area, installation site and surrounding environment.
6.2.4 Building shape and space combination should create conditions for photovoltaic modules to receive sufficient sunlight. The installation site of the photovoltaic module should avoid being blocked by the environment or the building itself and the module itself.
6.2.5 The architectural design should provide conditions for the installation of photovoltaic power generation systems, and safety protection measures should be taken at the places where photovoltaic modules are installed.
6.2.6 The layout of photovoltaic modules should meet the aesthetic requirements of the building.
6.2.7 Photovoltaic modules should not be installed in places that are easy to touch, and signs of high temperature and electric shock should be placed in prominent positions.
6.2.8 The building photovoltaic system shall take safety protection measures to prevent photovoltaic modules from being damaged and falling.
6.2.9 When photovoltaic modules are directly used as roof enclosure structures, their materials and structures shall meet the requirements for roof waterproofing.
6.2.10 The building photovoltaic array should not cross the building deformation joints.
6.2.11 Photovoltaic modules should be arranged away from kitchen oil fume exhaust vents, roof exhaust, flue exhaust ducts, ventilation pipes, air conditioning systems and other components.
6.3 Photovoltaic module design
6.3.1 The size and shape of photovoltaic modules should be selected in harmony with the building module size, and should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Building Modular Harmonization Standard" GB/T 50002.
6.3.2 The design of photovoltaic modules used as sunshade or daylighting components shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The installation of photovoltaic modules in the light-transmitting area of the building should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Architectural Daylighting Design Standard" GB 50033;
2.Photovoltaic modules used as sunshade components should meet the requirements of indoor lighting and sunlight, and should meet the requirements of sunshade coefficient;
3 Photovoltaic windows should meet the requirements of lighting, ventilation, viewing and other functions;
4 For the photovoltaic modules used in the light-transmitting area of the building, the junction box shall not affect the indoor lighting.
6.3.3 The surface color selection of photovoltaic modules shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The color of photovoltaic modules should match the overall tone of the building;
2 The color of the frame of the photovoltaic module should match the color of the photovoltaic cell and the overall design of the building;
3 Photovoltaic modules with special requirements for color should be determined according to design requirements.
6.4 Construction requirements
6.4.1 The installation of photovoltaic modules should not affect the drainage of rainwater at the location.
6.4.2 When photovoltaic modules are installed on building roofs in snowy areas, it is advisable to set up safe passages for artificial snow melting and cleaning.
6.4.3 Photovoltaic modules should be installed in a way that is easy to repair and replace.
6.4.4 When the photovoltaic module is parallel to the installation site, the distance between it and the installation site should meet the requirements for installation, ventilation and heat dissipation.
6.4.5 When installing photovoltaic modules on the roof waterproof layer, corresponding waterproof measures should be taken. Waterproof casings should be pre-embedded where the pipelines of photovoltaic modules pass through the roof, and should be waterproofed and sealed. The installation of photovoltaic power generation systems on building roofs should not affect the periodic renewal and maintenance of roof waterproofing.
6.4.6 The installation of photovoltaic modules on flat roofs shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The photovoltaic array should be equipped with facilities and passages for manual cleaning and maintenance;
2 When installing photovoltaic modules on the flat roof waterproof layer, an additional waterproof layer should be added to the lower part of the support base;
3 A protective layer should be laid on the upper part of the pedestrian passage between the roof around the photovoltaic module, the maintenance passage, the roof entrance and exit, and the photovoltaic square array.
6.4.7 The installation of photovoltaic modules on sloping roofs shall comply with the following regulations.
1.The slope of the sloping roof should be the same as the installation angle of the photovoltaic module with the largest annual power generation in the area;
2 Photovoltaic modules should be installed parallel to the roof, inlaid along the slope or trussed along the slope;
3 The photovoltaic tile should match the modulus of the common roof tile, and should not affect the normal drainage function of the roof.
6.4.8 Photovoltaic modules installed on balconies or platforms shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The photovoltaic module bracket installed on the balcony or platform railing should be firmly connected with the embedded parts on the main structure of the railing;
2.The photovoltaic modules that make up the balcony or platform railing shall meet the requirements for stiffness, strength, protection function and electrical safety, and their height shall meet the requirements for the height of the guardrail.
6.4.9 Photovoltaic modules installed on the wall shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The connection between the photovoltaic module and the wall should not affect the thermal insulation structure and energy-saving effect of the wall;
2 Where the lead wires of photovoltaic modules installed on the wall pass through the wall, waterproof casings should be embedded in advance; the wall-penetrating pipeline should not be located at the structural column;
3 When the photovoltaic module is embedded on the wall, it should be coordinated with the wall decoration material, color, style, etc.;
4 When the photovoltaic module is installed on the window, it should meet the functional requirements such as window lighting.
6.4.10 The installation of photovoltaic modules on building curtain walls shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The size of the photovoltaic module should conform to the design modulus of the curtain wall, and be coordinated with the curtain wall;
2 The performance of the photovoltaic curtain wall shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Technical Specifications for Glass Curtain Wall Engineering" JGJ 102;
3 The canopy, eaves and daylighting roof composed of photovoltaic curtain walls,...
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