GB/T 50547: Evolution and historical versions
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| GB/T 50547-2022 | English | RFQ |
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(Technical standards for geotechnical engineering of tailings accumulation dams)
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GB/T 50547-2022
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| GB 50547-2010 | English | RFQ |
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Technical code for geotechnical engineering of tailings embankment
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GB 50547-2010
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PDF similar to GB/T 50547-2022
Standard similar to GB/T 50547-2022 GB 55018 DB/T 10 DB/T 60 GB/T 40112 GB 55017 Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 50547-2022 (GB/T50547-2022) | | Description (Translated English) | (Technical standards for geotechnical engineering of tailings accumulation dams) | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P13 | | Word Count Estimation | 102,141 | | Date of Issue | 2022-09-08 | | Date of Implementation | 2022-12-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation | | Summary | This standard applies to the survey, evaluation, monitoring and treatment of tailings accumulation dams. | GB/T 50547-2022: (Technical standards for geotechnical engineering of tailings accumulation dams)---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 This standard is formulated in order to standardize the geotechnical engineering work of tailings accumulation dams, achieve advanced technology, ensure quality, protect the environment, and ensure the safety of people's lives and property.
1.0.2 This standard applies to the survey, evaluation, monitoring and treatment of tailings accumulation dams.
1.0.3 Geotechnical investigation should be carried out for the operation, expansion and reconstruction of the tailings accumulation dam, closure and back mining.
1.0.4 The investigation, evaluation, monitoring and treatment of tailings accumulation dams shall not only comply with the provisions of this standard, but also comply with the provisions of the relevant current national standards.
2 terms
2.0.1 tailings
Waste products produced during the beneficiation process that can be described by the characteristics of the soil.
2.0.2 tailings pond
It is used to store metal and non-metal mines for ore sorting and discharge tailings.
2.0.3 tailings dam
Outer structures of tailings ponds that block tailings and water.
2.0.4 starter dam
It is a dam built with soil and stone materials as a drainage or support for tailings accumulation dams.
2.0.5 tailings embankment
In the tailings production process, the dam is formed by stacking tailings above the crest of the initial dam.
2.0.6 Whole storage capacity
The volume of the space enclosed by the elevation plane of the dam crest and the slope below the tailings accumulation body and above the bottom of the reservoir, excluding the volume of the dam body constructed without tailings.
2.0.7 total storage capacity
Full storage capacity at design end state.
2.0.8 deposited beach
The surface layer of the sediment body formed by the alluvial formation of the tailings discharged by hydraulic transportation is divided into two parts above water and below water according to the water surface of the catchment area in the reservoir.
2.0.9 beach crest
The intersection line between the sediment beach surface and the external slope of the dam.
2.0.10 beach width
The horizontal distance from the water edge in the library to the top of the beach.
2.0.11 phreatic line
The position of the free surface of seepage water in the dam body, which is a curve on the cross section.
3 basic rules
3.0.1 The tailings pond grade should be determined according to the total storage capacity and total dam height of the tailings pond according to Table 3.0.1-1.and the dam height shall be determined according to Table 3.0.1-1, and the tailings reservoir auxiliary dam shall be graded according to Table 3.0.1-1 according to the dam height and corresponding storage capacity. The grade of the tailings accumulation dam shall be determined according to Table 3.0.1-2 according to the grade of the tailings pond.
Table 3.Grades of 0.1-1 tailings ponds
Grade Full storage capacity V(*106m3) Dam height H(m)
One V >=500 H >=200
Two 100= \u003cV\u003c500\t100=\u003cH\u003c200
Three 10= \u003cV\u003c100\t60=\u003cH\u003c100
Four 1= \u003cV\u003c10\t30=\u003cH\u003c60
5 V< 1 H< 30
Note. 1 When the indicators of total storage capacity and total dam height belong to different grades, they should be determined according to the higher grade;
2 The total dam height of the dry tailings pond is the height difference between the highest point of the tailings dam top and the lowest point of the dam foot. The height difference between the highest point of the top of the mine dam and the axis of the initial dam crest or the axis of the dam crest of the sand control dam; for the wet tailings pond built with upstream dams, the total dam height is the height between the dam crest of the tailings accumulation dam and the initial stage The height difference of the original ground at the axis of the dam; for wet tailings ponds built with midline and downstream dams, the total dam height is the height difference between the crest of the tailings accumulation dam and the original ground at the axis of the dam crest.
3 In addition to the first-class reservoir, when there are towns, industrial and mining enterprises, railways or expressways with a railway grade of I in the downstream of the tailings reservoir, the grade should be increased by one grade after demonstration.
Table 3.0.1-2 tailings accumulation dam level
3.0.2 The investigation level of the tailings accumulation dam shall be determined according to the level of the tailings accumulation dam, and shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The investigation level of tailings accumulation dams from grade I to grade III should be set as grade A;
2 For grade IV and grade V tailings accumulation dams, if the site is a complex site and there are residential areas, industrial and mining enterprises, bazaars, leisure fitness and entertainment squares, railways, highways and other important facilities within 1km downstream, the survey grade should be set as A Level; the investigation level of the remaining IV and V tailings accumulation dams shall be set as B;
3 The special survey should determine the survey level according to the actual situation;
4 The division of site complexity shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Geotechnical Engineering Investigation" GB 50021.
3.0.3 The investigation categories of tailings accumulation dams shall be divided into operation period investigation, expansion and reconstruction investigation, closed reservoir investigation and special investigation, and shall meet the following requirements.
1 When the third-grade and lower tailings ponds are piled up to 1/2~2/3 of the total dam height, the second-grade tailings ponds are piled up to 1/3~1/2 and 1/2~2/3 of the total dam height When the first-class tailings pond is stacked to 1/3~1/2 and 1/2~2/3 of the total dam height, when the operation reaches the first-class level, and when the dam height increases by 20m after the first-class level, it should be carried out Survey during operation;
2 The tailings pond should be expanded and reconstructed before being expanded and reconstructed;
3.For the tailings ponds that have reached the design final accumulation height or have not reached the design final accumulation height and have been stopped in advance, a closed reservoir survey should be carried out before closing the reservoir;
4 For tailings accumulation dams that require tailings recovery, special mining surveys should be carried out; for tailings accumulation dams that do not have an online monitoring system or when the existing online monitoring system needs to be adjusted, special online monitoring investigations should be carried out; tailings accumulation When there is an abnormal situation during the operation of the dam and endangers the safety of the tailings pond, a special survey for hidden danger control should be carried out.
3.0.4 Geotechnical analysis and evaluation of tailings accumulation dam should include qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and quantitative analysis should be carried out on the basis of qualitative analysis.
3.0.5 Tailings can be divided into sandy tailings, powdery tailings and viscous tailings according to particle size composition and plasticity index. The classification and naming of tailings shall comply with the regulations in Table 3.0.5.
Table 3.0.5 Classification and naming of tailings
Note. 1.When naming, it should be determined according to the particle gradation from large to small, whichever meets the first one.
2 The plasticity index should be calculated from the liquid limit measured when the 76g cone is sunk into the soil at a depth of 10mm.
4 Engineering Survey Requirements
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 The geotechnical engineering survey of tailings accumulation dams should be carried out according to the survey mission statement, which should comply with the provisions of Appendix A of this standard.
4.1.2 The survey outline should be prepared before tailings accumulation dam survey work, and the survey outline should be adjusted according to the changes of site geological conditions during the survey implementation.
4.1.3 The investigation of tailings accumulation dam should be carried out by methods such as engineering geological surveying and survey, engineering geophysical prospecting, drilling, well exploration, trench exploration, in-situ test and laboratory test.
4.1.4 The items of in-situ test and indoor test should be determined according to the design requirements, engineering characteristics and tailings category.
4.1.5 Unfavorable geological effects and special geotechnical investigation work shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Geotechnical Engineering Investigation" GB 50021.
4.1.6 Except for long-term observation holes, the boreholes, exploratory wells and trenches on the dam body should be backfilled and sealed after use.
4.1.7 When tailings and tailings reservoir water contain hazardous substances, protective measures should be taken for on-site operators and equipment and instruments, and should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Environmental Management System Requirements and Guidelines for Use" GB/T 24001.
4.2 Survey during operation
4.2.1 The survey during the operation period of the tailings accumulation dam shall include the following contents and shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The composition, accumulation thickness, compactness, accumulation law and distribution characteristics of the initial dam and tailings accumulation dam shall be ascertained;
2 The physical and mechanical properties and chemical properties of the tailings accumulation body, the strength index and deformation characteristics of the general dam under high stress state should be ascertained, and the consolidation law of the tailings should be analyzed;
3 The position of the infiltration line in the accumulation body shall be ascertained;
4 The permeability coefficient of the tailings should be provided;
5 When dynamic stability analysis is required, the parameters required for dynamic stability analysis shall be provided;
6 The possibility of liquefaction of the tailings accumulation dam under earthquake action should be evaluated;
7 The stability of the dam body under different working conditions and the suitability of accumulation to the total dam height shall be evaluated.
4.2.2 The following data should be collected before the survey during the operation period of the tailings accumulation dam.
1 The raw ore category of the tailings, the beneficiation method and process, the mineral composition and chemical composition of the tailings, the particle composition of the tailings, etc.;
2 Structural form of the initial dam and tailings accumulation dam, setting and operation of reverse filtration and drainage facilities;
3 The design parameters of the tailings pond, the method of tailings discharge and accumulation after use, the accumulation height and operation situation year by year, the distribution and change of sedimentary shoals;
4 Distribution of tailings accumulation dams and flood discharge facilities;
4.2.8 The groundwater level shall be measured at the exploration point, and the initial water level and stable water level shall be recorded,
4.2.9 Sampling of rock and soil samples shall meet the following requirements.
1 Drilling holes and exploratory wells should be sampled, and the vertical spacing of undisturbed sample sampling should be 1.0m~3.0m;
2 For tailings that are mainly powdery and viscous, a thin-walled soil extractor or a double-tube single-action soil extractor should be used for undisturbed sample sampling; for tailings that are mainly sandy, sand extractors should be used for sampling. Sampling without disturbing the sample; the disturbed sample should be sampled in the penetrator;
3 For soft cohesive tailings and soft soil, it is advisable to use the static pressure method of a thin-wall soil extractor for undisturbed sample sampling; for cemented tailings and hard cohesive soil, it is advisable to use a triple tube rotary soil extractor for undisturbed sample sampling;
4 The number of undisturbed samples for each main tailings layer and soil layer shall be determined according to the test items and statistical analysis requirements, and shall not be less than 6;
5 For interlayers that may slip and weak interlayers, sample sampling without disturbance or in-situ testing shall be carried out;
6 When the tailings layer and rock-soil layer are uneven, the number of samples should be increased;
7 For each standard penetration test, disturbance sample sampling shall be carried out in the penetrator;
8 Water and soil samples should be taken at the tailings accumulation dam site, and the corrosion test of water and soil to building materials should be carried out. The number of water and soil samples should not be less than 3 pieces respectively.
4.2.10 The data collation of tailings accumulation dam investigation during operation period shall comply with the relevant provisions of Chapter 9 of this standard, and shall analyze and evaluate the stability of the current dam body and predict the stability of the dam body when the total dam height is reached.
4.3 Expansion and reconstruction survey
4.3.1 The tailings accumulation dam expansion and reconstruction investigation shall comply with the provisions of Articles 4.2.1 to 4.2.9 of this standard, and shall comply with the following provisions.
1 The background information on the expansion and reconstruction of the tailings pond should be collected;
2 The geological and hydrological data, hidden dangers and control data during the operation period of the tailings pond should be collected during the construction and operation of the tailings pond;
3 The exploration workload shall meet the requirements for analysis and evaluation of expansion and reconstruction projects;
4 Suggestions for engineering measures should be put forward according to the characteristics of the expansion and reconstruction projects.
4.3.2 The data collation of tailings accumulation dam expansion and reconstruction investigation shall comply with the relevant provisions of Chapter 9 of this standard, and shall comply with the following provisions.
1 The stability of the current dam body should be analyzed and evaluated;
2.According to the nature, process and ore drawing method of the tailings in the expansion and reconstruction of the tailings pond, the accumulation law of the tailings accumulation dam, the change law of the infiltration line and the nature of the tailings should be simulated to provide geotechnical design parameters for the expansion and reconstruction;
3 The feasibility of expansion and reconstruction should be analyzed, and engineering measures should be suggested;
4 The stability of the dam body when the total dam height is reached and the stability of the dam body after expansion and reconstruction should be predicted.
4.4 Closed warehouse survey
4.4.1 Closed storage inspection shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.2.1 ~ Article 4.2.9 of this standard, and shall meet the following provisions.
1 The geological and hydrological data during the construction and operation of the tailings pond should be collected;
2.Data on initial dams, tailings accumulation dams, flood drainage systems, monitoring systems and hidden dangers of tailings dams should be collected;
3.Investigate and evaluate the adverse geological effects that affect the safety of tailings ponds, analyze the existing hidden dangers and put forward suggestions for control measures;
4.Put forward monitoring suggestions for closed tailings ponds.
4.4.2 The local vegetation conditions and the vegetation coverage of similar reclaimed tailing ponds should be investigated, and suggestions for reclamation materials and vegetation should be made.
4.4.3 The collation of data for tailings accumulation dam closure investigation shall comply with the relevant provisions of Chapter 9 of this standard, and shall comply with the following provisions.
1.Analyze and evaluate the surrounding adverse geological effects that affect the safety of tailings ponds, and propose governance measures;
2 The stability of the dam body of the closed tailings pond should be analyzed and evaluated, and suggestions for control measures should be put forward;
3 Tailing pond reclamation measures and monitoring suggestions should be put forward.
4.5 Tailings recovery special survey
4.5.1 The special investigation of tailings recovery should be based on the tailings recovery process, on the basis of collecting and analyzing relevant data, and carry out drilling, engineering geophysical prospecting, in-situ testing and other work.
4.5.2 The data collection for the special survey of tailings mining should include the following contents.
1 Survey data and special survey data of tailings pools in various periods;
2 The original design data of the tailings pond and the mining technology to be adopted;
3 tailings accumulation dam monitoring material during the operation period or tailings pond management and monitoring data after closure;
4 tailings pond treatment information;
5 Hydrogeological conditions in the reservoir area;
6 regional meteorological and hydrological data.
4.5.3 The special investigation of tailings recovery should find out the stratum structure, stratum lithology and physical and mechanical properties of tailings. When the water mining process is adopted, the particle composition of the tailings, the degree of cementation, the degree of consolidation, the depth distribution characteristics of the water in the reservoir, and the permeability characteristics of the tailings should also be ascertained; Bearing capacity and shear strength index of tailings.
4.5.4 The data collation of the special investigation of tailings recovery shall comply with the relevant provisions of Chapter 9 of this standard, and the isodepth curve of the water in the reservoir shall be provided, and the stability of the mining slope shall be analyzed according to the requirements of the mining process design. sex.
4.6 Online monitoring special survey
4.6.1 On-line monitoring and special investigation should be mainly based on data collection, environmental investigation, engineering geological surveying and mapping, and can be supplemented by drilling and engineering geophysical prospecting.
4.6.2 The data collection of online monitoring special survey should include the following contents.
1 Survey data and special survey data of tailings pools in various periods;
2 Stratum distribution and accumulation law of tailings accumulation dam;
3 Monitoring data of tailings accumulation dam horizontal displacement, settlement, infiltration line, etc.;
4 groundwater type, water level and hydrogeological parameters;
5 regional meteorological and hydrological data;
6 The supply and discharge conditions of groundwater in the tailings accumulation dam.
4.6.3 When drilling and engineering geophysical prospecting are used, the stratum structure, stratum lithology, weak stratum and stable stratum of the dam body shall be ascertained, and the potential sliding surface and changes in geological conditions shall be analyzed and determined.
4.6.4 In permafrost areas, the type of permafrost, spatial distribution characteristics, seasonal thaw depth and permafrost layer thickness, soil frost heave and permafrost thawing subsidence grade should be ascertained.
4.6.5 In the monitoring management station, monitoring center and outdoor monitoring equipment installation site, the resistivity test should be carried out.
4.6.6 In addition to complying with the relevant regulations in Chapter 9 of this standard, the collation of data for the special survey of online monitoring of tailings accumulation dams should also meet the requirements for the arrangement of online monitoring work, and suggestions for monitoring content and monitoring methods should be proposed.
4.7 Special survey on hidden danger control
4.7.1 The special investigation of hidden danger control shall carry out on-site survey and investigate the formation process of hidden dangers. The type, formation process, cause, development trend and consequences of hidden dangers shall be preliminarily analyzed, and an outline of hidden danger control investigation shall be prepared.
4.7.2 In the survey work, data collection, field investigation, drilling, engineering geophysical prospecting and other methods should be used to find out the scope of hidden dangers, the cause of hidden dangers should be analyzed, and the potential impact should be evaluated.
4.7.3 The data collation of the special survey for tailings accumulation dam hazard control shall comply with the relevant provisions of Chapter 9 of this standard, and shall comply with the following provisions.
1 The cause, development trend and degree of harm of hidden dangers shall be analyzed;
2 Suggestions for hidden danger control measures should be put forward.
4.8 In-situ testing and experimental work
4.8.1 The static penetration test shall meet the following requirements.
1 The static penetration test holes on each main exploration line shall not be less than 1/2 of the number of drilled holes; the number of static penetration test holes on each general exploration line shall not be less than 2; the static penetration test holes shall not be less than 2; The distance between the hole and the drill hole should not be greater than 1.5m;
2 The depth of the static penetration test hole should pass through the potential sliding surface;
3 The static penetrating test shall be carried out before drilling and cross plate shear test.
4.8.2 The cone dynamic penetrating test shall meet the following requirements.
1 For gravel soil and extremely soft rock, heavy or super heavy cone dynamic penetration test can be carried out;
2 When dynamic penetration testing is used as the main survey method, the number of test holes on each survey line should not be less than 3.
4.8.3 The standard penetration test shall meet the following requirements.
1 The number of standard penetration test holes shall not be less than 1/2 of the number of drilled holes;
2 The vertical spacing of standard penetration test points should be 1.0m~1.5m.
4.8.4 Cross plate shear test work shall meet the following requirements.
1 For tailing clay or tailing silty clay with characteristics of saturated soft clay, cross plate shear test should be carried out;
2 The vertical distance between the measuring points of the cross plate shear test should be 1.0m.
4.8.5 The in-situ direct shear test shall meet the following requirements.
1 In-situ direct shear test shall be carried out for tailings accumulation dams whose investigation level is Class A;
2 The test site should be arranged on a representative section on the outer slope of the tailings accumulation dam or on the dry beach according to the sedimentary characteristics of the tailings;
3 The number of in-situ direct shear tests on tailings in each representative section should not be less than 3 groups.
4.8.6 The side expansion test of the flat shovel shall meet the following requirements.
1 For the tailing clay or tailing silty clay with the characteristics of saturated soft clay, it is advisable to carry out the flat shovel side expansion test;
2 The vertical distance between the measuring points of the flat shovel lateral expansion test should be 0.5m.
4.8.7 Wave velocity testing shall meet the following requirements.
1 The wave velocity test should be carried out in the drilled hole, and the number of wave velocity test holes should not be less than 3;
2 The wave velocity test should be carried out in the whole hole section, and the distance between the measuring points should not be greater than 1.5m.
4.8.8 The investigation of tailings accumulation dam should carry out pumping test or water injection test to measure the permeability coefficient of tailings, and should meet the following requirements.
1 It is advisable to carry out not less than 3 sets of pumping tests or 3 water injection tests on the sedimentary shoal;
2 For the tailings layer that is mainly sandy and silty below the soaking line, pumping test should be adopted;
3.Water injection test can be carried out in exploratory wells or boreholes.
4.8.9 Tailings should be tested for general physical and mechanical properties, and the following test items should be carried out according to engineering requirements, and should meet the following requirements.
1 When it is necessary to analyze the anti-sliding stability of the tailings accumulation dam, the triaxial compression test and direct shear test shall be carried out according to the provisions of Table 8.1.5 of this standard according to the calculation method and the type of soil;
2 When it is necessary to calculate the settlement deformation of the tailings dam, the compression-consolidation test of the dam body and the dam foundation soil layer shall be carried out;
3 For tailings accumulation dams of grade II and above or grade III tailings accumulation dams in areas with an earthquake design intensity of 7 degrees and above, dynamic property tests of tailings and dam foundation soil shall be carried out;
4 All kinds of tailings should be tested vertically and horizontally.
4.8.10 When conducting stability analysis, sampling of undisturbed tailings samples should be carried out, and moisture content and density tests should be carried out on site.
5 Engineering Geological Surveying and Surveying
5.0.1 The engineering geological surveying and investigation should collect the preliminary data of the tailings pond and conduct analysis and research. The data collection should include the following contents.
1Regional geology, earthquakes, geological disasters, hydrology, meteorology, vegetation and other data;
2 Geotechnical engineering survey data, design data, safety evaluation data, etc. of the tailings pond in the early stage;
3 The design, construction and operation of the existing drainage body and reinforcement facilities of the initial dam and tailings accumulation dam;
4 The design, construction and operation of the flood discharge system of the tailings pond;
5 Tailings accumulation dam deformation monitoring and infiltration line monitoring data;
6 Abnormal operation of tailings pond, causes, treatment measures and treatment effects.
5.0.2 The scope of engineering geological surveying and surveying should include tailings accumulation dams and affected areas; when the basic seismic intensity is greater than or equal to degree VII and the geological conditions are complex, the scope of engineering geological surveying and surveying should be expanded; surveying and mapping The scale and accuracy of the scale should meet the following requirements.
1 The scale of engineering geological surveying and mapping of tailings ponds should be 1.500-1.2000, and the scale of affected areas outside the pond should be 1.2000-1.5000; when...
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