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GB 55017-2021: Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering
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Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering
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GB 55017-2021
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 55017-2021 (GB55017-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P13 | | Word Count Estimation | 57,545 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation | GB 55017-2021: Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 This specification is formulated to ensure the quality of engineering surveys, safeguard engineering, personal, property, and public safety, protect the ecological environment, and meet the basic needs of engineering supervision and management.
1.0.2 Engineering investigation must implement this code.
1.0.3 The engineering survey should be planned and implemented according to the requirements of different stages of the project construction. The survey results should correctly reflect the engineering geological conditions, find out the adverse geological effects, provide real data, complete structures, reasonable evaluation, reliable conclusions, and feasible suggestions. Survey report.
1.0.4 Whether the technical methods and measures adopted in the project construction meet the requirements of this specification shall be judged by the relevant responsible parties. Among them, innovative technical methods and measures should be demonstrated and meet the performance requirements in this specification.
2 Basic regulations
2.0.1 The planning and implementation of engineering investigation shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The design data of the proposed project shall be obtained, the geological data and environmental data related to the construction of the project shall be collected, and the survey outline shall be compiled;
2 The type, cause, distribution range, development and degree of harm of adverse geological effects on the site shall be investigated;
3 The topography of the proposed project site and the type, distribution, and engineering characteristics of the rock and soil layer within the scope of project influence shall be ascertained, and underground buried objects that are unfavorable to the project shall be investigated;
4.The distribution characteristics of the groundwater affecting the project shall be ascertained, the influence of the groundwater on the project shall be analyzed, and the corrosivity of the groundwater and soil to building materials shall be evaluated;
5 The possible engineering risks caused by geological conditions shall be analyzed, suggestions for prevention and control measures shall be put forward, and geotechnical parameters required for design and construction shall be provided;
6 An engineering investigation report shall be provided.
2.0.2 The original records, video data and engineering survey reports of exploration, sampling, in-situ testing, and indoor testing shall be archived and traceable.
2.0.3 Exploration, sampling, testing and testing instruments and equipment should be kept in normal use. Test and test instruments should be used within the validity period of the calibration.
2.0.4 The survey unit should participate in the construction trench inspection, and check the consistency between the geological conditions revealed by the excavation and the engineering survey report. If there is any abnormal situation, suggestions for handling measures or design modification should be put forward.
3 Survey Requirements
3.1 Survey Outline
3.1.1 The engineering survey should be based on the collection and analysis of existing data and on-site survey, and according to the survey purpose, task and the requirements of the corresponding current technical standards, the survey outline should be prepared according to the characteristics of the proposed project and the engineering geological conditions of the site. The survey outline should include the following.
1 Project overview;
2 An overview of the proposed site environment, engineering geological conditions, and nearby reference geological data (if any);
3 Survey purpose, task requirements and main technical problems to be solved;
4 The technical standards to be implemented;
5.Exploration methods selected;
6 survey work arrangement;
7 On-site treatment after completion of exploration;
8 Quality control, safety assurance and environmental protection measures to be adopted;
9 Instruments and equipment to be invested, personnel arrangement, survey progress plan, etc.;
10 Post-services such as survey safety, technical clarification and tank inspection;
11 Plane layout of proposed engineering exploration points.
3.1.2 The survey work arrangement in the survey outline shall include the following contents.
1 Drilling (well exploration, trenching, hole exploration) arrangement;
2 methods and arrangements for geophysical prospecting and in-situ testing;
3 Sampling method and sampler selection, taking rock samples, soil samples and water samples and their storage, protection and transportation requirements;
4 Contents, methods and quantities of indoor rock, soil and water tests.
3.1.3 When the survey work proposed in the survey outline cannot meet the task requirements, the survey outline should be adjusted in time or a supplementary survey outline should be prepared.
3.1.4 The survey outline and its changes shall be signed by the person in charge of the survey project.
3.2 Foundation engineering
3.2.1 The foundation engineering survey work should be deployed according to the proposed engineering load, deformation requirements, foundation form, foundation complexity and construction requirements, and should meet the site and foundation stability evaluation requirements.
3.2.2 The layout of exploration points in the detailed survey stage should meet the following requirements.
1 The exploration point shall be able to control the foundation range of the building (structure) on the plane;
2 Exploration points should be arranged for major equipment foundations;
3 Exploration points shall be arranged on the dam abutment of the embankment;
4 Controlling exploratory holes shall not be less than 1/3 of the total number of exploratory holes;
5 There should be no less than 4 exploration holes for a single high-rise building, and no less than 2 control exploration holes; each building of a high-rise building group should have at least 1 control exploration point.
3.2.3 The depth of control exploration holes shall meet the requirements of site and foundation stability analysis and deformation calculation; the depth of general exploration holes shall meet the requirements of bearing capacity evaluation.
3.2.4 The depth of the exploratory hole on the natural foundation shall comply with the following regulations, except that the stable strata such as bedrock or thick gravel soil are allowed to be adjusted within the following specified depths.
1 The exploration depth shall be calculated from the foundation bottom. When the width of the foundation bottom is not greater than 5m, the depth of the exploratory hole shall not be less than 3 times the width of the foundation bottom for strip foundations, and shall not be less than 1.5 times the width of the foundation bottom for independent column foundations, and shall not be less than 5m.
2 When the site type needs to be determined and there is no reliable overburden thickness data and area data nearby, the exploratory hole shall meet the requirements for determining the site type.
3.2.5 The exploration hole depth of the pile foundation shall meet the following requirements.
1 The depth of the general exploration hole shall enter the rock and soil layer below the expected pile end plane and shall not be less than 3d (d is the pile diameter designed for the pile body), and shall not be less than 3m; for piles with a diameter greater than or equal to 800mm, the 5m.
2 The depth of the control exploration hole shall meet the checking calculation requirements of the underlying layer; for the pile foundation that needs to check the settlement, it shall meet the calculation depth requirements of the foundation deformation.
3 For rock-socketed piles, the depth of the controlled exploration hole shall enter the rock formation below the expected pile end plane for no less than 3 days, and the depth of the general exploration hole shall enter the rock formation below the expected pile end plane for no less than 1 day, and shall pass through karst caves and broken zones to reach stable rock formations.
3.2.6 The content of foundation treatment survey work should be comprehensively determined according to the proposed foundation treatment method, engineering geological conditions and loading conditions, and the depth of the exploration hole should meet the requirements of foundation bearing capacity, deformation calculation and stability analysis and evaluation.
3.2.7 When the anti-floating design is required, the depth of the exploratory hole shall meet the anti-floating design requirements.
3.2.8 The collection of rock and soil samples and in-situ testing shall meet the analysis and evaluation requirements, and shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The number of exploratory holes for soil samples and in-situ testing shall be determined according to the stratum structure, foundation soil uniformity and engineering characteristics, and shall not be less than 1/2 of the total number of exploratory holes;
2 The undisturbed samples or in-situ test data of each main soil layer in each site shall not be less than 6 pieces (groups). in 3 exploration holes;
3 The collapsible loess site should arrange exploratory wells to take undisturbed soil samples;
4 The depth of the shear wave velocity hole test for the evaluation site category shall not be less than 20m or the depth of the overburden layer;
5 When liquefaction is judged by hammering number of standard penetration test, the number of exploratory holes for standard penetration test at each site shall not be less than 3.
3.3 Underground engineering and foundation pit engineering
3.3.1 The scope and depth of underground engineering and foundation pit engineering investigation should be determined according to environmental conditions, geological conditions, characteristics of underground engineering and foundation pit engineering, and should meet the stability evaluation and design requirements of underground engineering and foundation pit engineering.
3.3.2 For underground engineering and foundation pit engineering, the distribution of rock, soil and groundwater shall be ascertained, the impact of groundwater shall be evaluated, suggestions for support and groundwater control measures shall be proposed, and relevant calculation parameters required for design shall be provided.
3.3.3 Rock tunnel engineering should ascertain the location, scale and character of rock formations, faults, broken zones and joint fissure-intensive zones, classify surrounding rock, provide rock and soil parameters required for design, and propose surrounding rock reinforcement measures.
3.4 Slope engineering
3.4.1 The scope and depth of slope engineering survey should be determined according to environmental conditions, geological conditions, and slope engineering characteristics, and should meet the requirements of stability evaluation and slope engineering design.
3.4.2 Slope engineering investigation shall include the following contents.
1 Regional meteorological conditions, catchment area, slope vegetation, surface water erosion on the slope and slope foot;
2 Slope classification, height, slope, shape, top elevation, bottom elevation, slope plane size;
3 The position of the slope and its relationship with the proposed project;
4 Topography and geomorphology, covering layer thickness, shape and slope of slope bedrock surface;
5 The type, origin, character, rock weathering and integrity of rock and soil;
6 The type, occurrence, development degree, extension, penetration degree, closure degree, filling status, water filling status, combination relationship, mechanical properties and relationship with the free surface of the main structural plane of the rock mass;
7 Geotechnical parameters required for slope treatment design and construction such as physical and mechanical properties of rock and soil, rock mass classification of rock slope, equivalent internal friction angle of slope rock mass, shear strength of structural surface, etc.;
8 Types of groundwater, water level, distribution of main aquifers, groundwater in rock masses and weak structural planes, water permeability of rock and soil and exposure of groundwater, impact of groundwater on slope stability, and suggestions for groundwater control measures ;
9.The scope and nature of unfavorable geological action, slope deformation characteristics;
10 Evaluate slope stability and provide geotechnical parameters required for slope treatment design.
3.4.3 The exploration line should be arranged vertically to the slope or parallel to the main sliding direction, and the exploration line and point spacing should be determined according to the geological conditions. The depth of the exploration point should exceed the potential sliding surface of the lowest layer, and the penetration into the stable layer should not be less than 2m, and should meet the anti-sliding design requirements.
3.5 Adverse geological action
3.5.1 When there are unfavorable geological effects such as karst, landslides, dangerous rocks and collapses, debris flows, goafs, active faults, and ground fissures in the survey site, special survey work should be carried out to identify unfavorable The type, cause, scale and degree of hazard of geological action, and suggestions for prevention and control measures should be put forward, and rock and soil parameters required for governance should be provided.
3.5.2 Karst investigation shall include the following contents.
1 Investigate the regional geological background of karst development;
2 Find out the site geomorphology, stratum lithology, rock surface undulation, shape and overburden thickness, soluble rock characteristics;
3 Identify the type of site structure, the location, scale, nature and distribution of fault structures, fold structures and joint fissures, and analyze the relationship between structure and karst development;
4 Find out the groundwater type, burial conditions, recharge, runoff and discharge conditions and dynamic changes, and the hydraulic relationship between the surface water system and groundwater;
5 Find out the karst type, shape, location, size, distribution, filling situation and development law;
6 Find out the cause, distribution location, buried depth, size, shape, development law, relationship with underlying karst, influencing factors, development trend and hazard of soil caves and ground subsidence, ground subsidence and artificial pumping (dropping) water relation;
7 Evaluate the stability of karst and soil caves and their impact on the project;
8 Put forward construction investigation, prevention and control measures and monitoring suggestions.
3.5.3 Landslide survey should include the following contents.
1 Investigate the geological background, hydrology and meteorological conditions of the landslide area;
2 Identify the topography, stratum lithology and geological structure of the landslide area;
3 Identify the type, scope, scale, sliding direction, morphological characteristics and boundary conditions of the landslide, geotechnical characteristics of the sliding zone, recent deformation and failure characteristics, development trend, scope of influence and hazard to the project;
4 Find out the hydrogeological characteristics of the site, groundwater type, burial conditions, permeability of rock and soil, groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge, distribution of springs and wetlands, etc.;
5 Find out the distribution of surface water, the catchment area of the site, and the condition of surface runoff;
6 Provide parameters such as rock and soil shear strength required for landslide stability analysis;
7 Analysis and evaluation of landslide stability and engineering construction suitability;
8 Provide geotechnical parameters for prevention and control engineering design;
9 Put forward prevention and control measures and monitoring recommendations.
3.5.4 The survey of dangerous rocks and collapses shall include the following contents.
1 Investigate the geological background of dangerous rocks and collapses, hydrological and meteorological conditions;
2 Ascertain topography, stratum lithology, geological structure and earthquake, hydrogeological features, and human activities;
3 Identify the type, scope, scale, direction of collapse, morphological characteristics and boundary conditions of dangerous rocks and collapses, lithological characteristics of dangerous rocks, degree of weathering and integrity of rock masses, recent deformation and damage characteristics, and analyze the hazards to engineering and the environment ;
4 Identify the formation conditions and influencing factors of dangerous rocks and collapses;
5 Evaluate the stability, scope of influence, degree of harm and suitability of engineering construction of dangerous rocks and collapses;
6 Provide geotechnical parameters for prevention and control engineering design;
7 Put forward prevention and control measures and monitoring recommendations.
3.5.5 Debris flow investigation shall include the following contents.
1 Investigate the geological background, hydrology and meteorological conditions of the debris flow;
2 Find out the features of topography, stratum lithology, geological structure and earthquake, hydrogeological features, vegetation, and related human activities;
3 Identify the type, time of occurrence, scale, material composition, particle composition, frequency and intensity of outbreaks, history of formation, recent damage characteristics, development trend and degree of harm of debris flows;
4 Find out the type of water source, water volume, water catchment conditions, water catchment area, source, distribution range, and reserve of solid matter in the debris flow formation area;
5 Find out the development of gully beds and valleys, cutting conditions, vertical and horizontal slopes, scour-silting changes of gully beds and debris flow traces in the debris flow circulation area;
6 Find out the distribution range, surface morphology, properties, layers, thickness and particle size of the accumulation fans in the debris flow accumulation area;
7.Analyze the formation conditions of debris flow, project classification of debris flow, and evaluate its impact on project construction;
8 Provide the characteristic parameters of debris flow and geotechnical parameters required for prevention and control;
9 Put forward prevention and control measures and monitoring recommendations.
3.5.6 Goaf survey should include the following contents.
1 Investigate the regional geological situation and topographical conditions of the goaf;
2 Find out the scope, number of layers, burial depth, mining time, mining method, mining thickness, characteristics of overlying strata, etc. of the goaf;
3 Find out the collapse, void, filling and water accumulation of the goaf, the properties and compactness of the filling, etc.;
4 Find out the characteristics, changes and development trends of the surface deformation, and its harmfulness to the project;
5 Find out the hydrogeological conditions of the site, the pumping and drainage conditions near the goaf and their influence on the stability of the goaf;
6.Analyze and evaluate the stability of the goaf and the suitability of engineering construction;
7 Provide geotechnical parameters for prevention and control engineering design;
8 Put forward prevention and control measures and monitoring recommendations.
3.5.7 The investigation of active faults shall include the following contents.
1 Find out the location, type, occurrence, scale, width of the fault zone, lithology, rock mass fragmentation and cementation degree, water-richness and the relationship with the proposed project of active faults;
2 Identify the active age, activity rate, and dislocation mode of active faults;
3 Evaluate the possible hazards and impacts of active fractures on engineering construction, and propose avoidance or engineering measures;
4 Put forward prevention and control measures and monitoring recommendations.
3.5.8 Ground fissure investigation shall include the following contents.
1 Identify the topography and geological structure of the site;
2 Find out the lithology, age, origin, thickness and burial conditions of the soil layer;
3 Find out the groundwater burial conditions, aquifer permeability coefficient, groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge conditions;
4 Find out the development and distribution of ground fissures, the shape, size, extension direction, extension length, distance between cracks, the location of the soil layer where cracks develop, and the nature of cracks;
5.Analyze the causes and activities of ground fissures, and evaluate the suitability of engineering construction;
6 Put forward prevention and control measures and monitoring recommendations.
3.6 Special rock and soil
3.6.1 The investigation of special rock and soil should find out the type, origin, distribution, development degree and engineering influence of special rock and soil, measure the characteristic index of rock and soil, and put forward suggestions for treatment measures.
3.6.2 Collapsible soil investigation shall include the following contents.
1 Find out the age, cause, thickness and distribution range of the collapsible soil layer;
2 Identify the collapsible grade of the collapsible soil foundation;
3 Identify the type of groundwater and conditions of recharge, runoff, and discharge, the seasonal variation range and rising and falling trends of groundwater level, and assess the possibility and degree of groundwater rise;
4 For collapsible loess, the collapsibility type, collapsibility coefficient, self-weight collapsibility coefficient and the change of collapsibility initial pressure with depth should also be ascertained;
5 Suggestions for handling measures.
3.6.3 Red clay survey should include the following contents.
1 Find out the type, distribution, thickness, material composition, soil properties and other characteristics of red clay;
2 Find out the development and distribution depth, development degree and characteristics of red clay expansion and contraction cracks;
3 To find out the underlying bedrock lithology and karst development characteristics of the red clay and their relationship with the soil properties and thickness changes of the red clay;
4 Find out the distribution and dynamics of groundwater and surface water and their relationship with the vertical zoning of red clay state;
5 Evaluate the uniformity of the foundation;
6 Suggestions on ground bearing layer, foundation form and ground fissure intensive zone or deep and long ground fissure section avoidance are put forward.
3.6.4 Soft soil investigation shall include the following contents.
1 Find out the genetic type, distribution law, stratum structure, distribution and uniformity of sand interlayer of soft soil;
2 Identify the strength and deformation characteristics of the soft soil layer, the impact of consolidation and soil structure disturbance on the strength and deformation;
3 Determine the possibility of instability and uneven deformation of the foundation, and analyze its adverse effects on adjacent buildings (structures) when there is a large area of surcharge on the ground;
4 Provide suggestions on foundation treatment or foundation form.
3.6.5 The investigation of mixed soil shall include the following contents.
1 Identify the name, material composition and source of the mixed soil;
2 Find out the origin and distribution of the mixed soil, and the burial conditions of the underlying soil layer or bedrock;
3 Find out the weathering of coarse particles in the mixed soil, and the composition and state of fine particles;
4 Find out the uniformity of the mixed soil and its variation in the horizontal and vertical directions;
5 Find out the distribution and storage conditions, water permeability and water abundance of groundwater, and the hydraulic connection of different water bodies;
6 Evaluate the impact of the mixed soil foundation on the project, and put forward suggestions for treatment measures.
3.6.6 The land filling investigation shall include the following contents.
1 Investigate the original landform, filling source and landfilling method;
2 Type, composition, distribution, thickness and age of fill;
3 Analyze and evaluate the uniformity, compressibility, compactness and collapsibility of the foundation;
4 When the filling soil is used as the bearing layer, provide the deformation parameters and foundation bearing capacity;
5 Put forward suggestions on landfill foundation treatment and foundation scheme.
3.6.7 Permafrost survey should include the following.
1 Find out the distribution range, type, thickness, total water content and characteristics of permafrost;
2 Find out the occurrence forms, interrelationships and impacts on the project of water on the permafrost layer, interlayer water and sublayer water;
3 Identify the thawing subsidence classification of permafrost and the frost heaving classification of seasonally thawed soil;
4 Identify the morphological characteristics, formation conditions, distribution range and degree of harm to the project of permafrost;
5 Provide indicators of special physical, mechanical and thermal properties of permafrost;
6 Provide the foundation type and foundation bearing capacity of permafrost.
3.6.8 Expansive rock and soil investigation shall include the following contents.
1 Find out the geological age, lithology, mineral composition, origin, occurrence, distribution, color, crack development and filling of expansive rock and soil;
2 Divide topography, geomorphic units and site types;
3 Investigate the discharge and accumulation of surface water, the type of groundwater, water level and its changing law;
4 Collect meteorological data such as local precipitation, wet and dry seasons, and duration of drought, and the depth of atmospheric influence;
5 Determination of free expansion rate, expansion rate under a certain pressure, shrinkage coefficient, expansion force and other indicators;
6.Determine the expansion potential, the expansion deformation of the foundation, the shrinkage deformation, the expansion and contraction deformation, and the expansion and contraction grade;
7 Provide suggestions on preventive measures for expansive rock and soil and foundation treatment plan.
3.6.9 Saline soil investigation shall include the following contents.
1 Investigate the saline rock soil site and its surrounding topography, landform, local meteorological and hydrological data;
2 To find out the origin, distribution and characteristics of saline soil;
3 When encountering gypsum saline rock, the hydration depth of gypsum should be checked, and the ground temperature of the section should be checked when the proposed tunnel passes through the Glauber's salt salt-alk rock section;
4 Determine the salt type, salt content and its distribution in rock and soil, and the influence on geotechnical engineering properties;
5 Find out the relationship between groundwater and surface water, the type of groundwater, burial conditions, water quality, water level and its seasonal changes, and the rising height of harmful capillary water;
6 Evaluate the influence of rock and soil sagability, salt expansion, and corrosion on foundation stability, as well as suggestions for foundation treatment and prevention measures.
3.6.10 The investigation of weathered rock and residual soil shall include the following contents.
1 Find out the geological age and rock name of the residual soil parent rock, the occurrence and fracture development degree of the underlying bedrock;
2 Find out the division of weathering degree and its distribution, buried depth and thickness;
3 Find out the occurrence conditions, water permeability and water abundance of groundwater, and the hydraulic connection of different aquifers;
4 Identify the distribution of dikes and boulders, the distribution of broken zones and weak interlayers, and analyze their engineering impact;
5 Evaluate the uniformity of the foundation;
6 Suggestions for handling measures.
3.6.11 Survey of contaminated soil shall include the following contents.
1 Investigate the location, composition and nature of pollution sources;
2 Find out the plane range and depth of the distribution of contaminated soil, and the spatial range of groundwater pollution;
3 Evaluate the degree of pollution;
4 Evaluate the corrosivity of polluted soil and water to building materials and their impact on engineering construction and the environment;
5 Put forward suggestions for disposal of contaminated soil and water.
3.7 Groundwater
3.7.1 The groundwater survey shall find out the burial conditions of underground aquifers and aquifers, groundwater type, water level and its variation range, groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge conditions, and shall evaluate the impact of groundwater on the project.
3.7.2 The measurement of groundwater level shall comply with the following regulations.
1 When encountering groundwater, the water level should be measured;
2 For the water level measurement of multi-layered aquifers that affect the project, layered water isolation measures should be taken to separate the measured aquifer from other aquifers.
3.7.3 In areas with special rock and soil such as permafrost, expansive rock and soil, saline rock and soil, and collapsible soil, the influence of groundwater on special rock and soil shall be analyzed according to engineering needs and geological conditions; In areas where subsidence, landslides and other adverse geological processes develop, the impact of groundwater on adverse geological processes should be analyzed; in contaminated soil sites, the pollution sources and pollution degrees of groundwater and surface water should be ascertained.
3.7.4 The groundwater evaluation shall include the following contents.
1 Analyze and evaluate the corrosivity of groundwater to building materials;
2 When groundwater control is required, relevant hydrogeological parameters shall be provided, and suggestions for control measures shall be put forward;
3 When there is a need for anti-floating, the anti-floating evaluation shall be carried out, and suggestions for anti-floating measures shall be put forward.
4 Exploration and sampling
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 Hazard sources should be identified for on-site exploration, and safety assurance measures for exploration operations should be formulated for underground pipelines, underground structures, and overhead power lines.
4.1.2 The person in charge of the survey project shall disclose the technology, environmental protection, occupational health and safety of the survey operators.
4.1.3 Exploration and sampling methods shall be determined according to the quality level requirements of rock and soil samples and the properties of rock and soil layers.
4.1.4 Measures should be taken to protect the ecological environment and prevent site pollution during survey site operations, and it is strictly forbidden to discard mud, oil, plastic, batteries and other waste...
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