GB/T 50344: Evolution and historical versions
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| GB/T 50344-2019 | English | RFQ |
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Technical standard for inspection of building structure
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GB/T 50344-2019
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| GB/T 50344-2004 | English | RFQ |
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Technical standard for inspection of building structure
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GB/T 50344-2004
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PDF similar to GB/T 50344-2019
Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 50344-2019 (GB/T50344-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical standard for inspection of building structure | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P20 | | Classification of International Standard | 91.080.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 297,245 | | Date of Issue | 2019-11-22 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-06-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 50344-2004 | | Quoted Standard | GB 50003; GB 50005; GB 50009; GB 50010; GB 50011; GB 50016; GB 50017; GB 50023; GB 50068; GB/T 50081; GB/T 50082; GB/T 50107; GB/T 50129; GB 50144; GB/T 50152; GB 50153; GB 50203; GB 50204; GB 50205; GB 50206; GB 50292; GB 50300; GB/T 50315; GB/T 50329 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Announcement No. 311 (2019) | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation | | Summary | This standard applies to building structure testing and building structure evaluation. | GB/T 50344-2019: Technical standard for inspection of building structure---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 This standard is formulated in order to unify the inspection and evaluation methods of building structures, achieve advanced technology, reliable data, and scientific evaluation.
1.0.2 This standard applies to the detection and evaluation of building structures.
1.0.3 Cultural relic buildings and structures or components affected by special corrosive substances can be tested according to the provisions of this standard.
1.0.4 The inspection and evaluation of building structures shall not only comply with the provisions of this standard, but also comply with the relevant current national standards.
2 Terms and symbols
2.1 Terminology
2.1.1 Inspection of building structure
Inspection work implemented to assess the quality of building structure engineering or identify the performance of existing building structures.
2.1.2 Inspection batch inspection lot
The test items are the same, the quality requirements and production processes are basically the same, and the test objects are composed of a certain number of components.
2.1.3 sampling inspection sampling inspection
Samples are drawn from the test batch, and the test method for the quality of the test batch is determined by testing the samples.
2.1.4 Testing zone
An area with one or several measuring points arranged according to the requirements of the detection method.
2.1.5 Testing point
In the survey area, the detection points of the detection data are obtained.
2.1.6 method of non-destructive test
During the detection process, the detection method has no influence on the existing performance of the structure.
2.1.7 method of part-destructive test
During the detection process, there is a partial and temporary impact on the existing performance of the structure, but the detection method can be repaired.
2.1.8 Rebound method
It is a method to detect the compressive strength and strength homogeneity of materials by measuring the rebound value and related parameters.
2.1.9 Ultrasonic-rebound combined method
A method for detecting the compressive strength of concrete by measuring the ultrasonic sound velocity value and rebound value of concrete.
2.1.10 drilled core method
A method of testing the strength of a material by drilling a cylindrical test piece from a structure or member.
2.1.11 Ultrasonic method
A method for detecting defects and compressive strength of non-metallic materials by measuring relevant acoustic parameters of ultrasonic pulse waves.
2.1.12 post-install pull-out method
A method for testing the compressive strength of concrete by installing a pull-out instrument on the hardened concrete surface to test the pull-out force.
2.1.13 Penetration method
A method for detecting the strength of component materials by measuring the penetration depth of steel nails.
2.1.14 The method of axial compression in situ on brick wall
A method for testing the compressive strength of masonry by performing a compressive test on a brick wall with an in-situ press.
2.1.15 The method of flat jack
A compression test is carried out on a brick wall with a flat hydraulic jack to detect the compressive stress, modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of the brick wall.
2.1.16 in situ single shear method the method of single shear
A method of testing the shear strength of a masonry wall by performing a shear test along a single horizontal mortar joint in the masonry wall.
2.1.17 The method of double shear
A method for testing the shear strength of a brick wall by performing a double-sided shear test on a single block of bricks.
2.1.18 The method of point load
A method for estimating the compressive strength of masonry mortar by applying a point load on the large surface of the mortar sheet.
2.1.19 The method of local compression on mortar flake
The local compressive test is carried out on the mortar sheet specimen by the partial pressure instrument, and the method of estimating the compressive strength of the masonry mortar according to the local compressive load value; it can also be called the selective pressure method.
2.1.20 cylinder pressure method the method of column
The sampled mortar is crushed, dried and sieved into particles with a certain gradation requirement, loaded into a pressure-bearing cylinder and subjected to a cylinder pressure load, the degree of fragmentation is measured, and the cylinder pressure ratio is used to test the compressive strength of the masonry mortar.
2.1.21 Ultrasonic inspection
A method of detecting metal material or weld defects using an ultrasonic flaw detector.
2.1.22 Radiographic inspection
A method for detecting steel or weld defects from fluorescent screens or negative films obtained by transilluminating steel workpieces with X-rays or γ-rays.
2.1.23 magnetic partide inspection
It is a method to detect defects such as cracks on the surface and near the surface of steel based on the magnetic marks formed by the magnetic powder on the surface of the test piece.
2.1.24 penetrant inspection
A method of detecting cracks on the surface of a material using a penetrant.
2.1.25 normal height
The vertical height of a certain location of the building relative to ±0.000.
2.1.26 axis displacement displacement of axes
The deviation between the actual position of the structure or component axis and the design requirements can also be called axis deviation.
2.1.27 degree of gravity vertical
Within the specified height range, the degree to which the surface of the component deviates from the line of gravity.
2.1.28 degree of plainness
The degree of unevenness on the surface of a structural member.
2.1.29 Dimensional errors
The difference between the actual geometry and the design geometry.
2.1.30 deflection deflection
Under the action of load, etc., the linear displacement in the direction perpendicular to the original axis or neutral plane caused by deflection at a certain point on the axis or neutral plane of the structural member.
2.1.31 deformation deformation
The relative displacement between two points in a structure or member caused by an action.
2.1.32 cellular honeycomb
Defects such as stone exposure and looseness on the concrete surface of the component due to lack of slurry.
2.1.33 pockmark
Defects such as pits, pits and air bubbles appear on the concrete surface due to lack of slurry.
2.1.34 hole cavitation
A cavity in concrete that exceeds the thickness of the reinforcement cover.
2.1.35 reveal of reinforcement
The defect that the steel bars in the component are not wrapped by concrete and are exposed.
2.1.36 crack map cracking
A network of cracks present on the surface of a component.
2.1.37 crack
A gap extending from the surface of a building structural component into the component.
2.1.38 loose loose
Localized non-compacting defects in concrete.
2.1.39 Concrete slag inclusion
Defects that contain impurities in the concrete and whose depth exceeds the thickness of the protective layer.
2.1.40 weld slag inclusion
Slag remaining in the weld after welding.
2.1.41 Weld defects weld defects
Cracks, slag inclusions, pores, etc. in the weld.
2.1.42 corrosion corrosion
The physical and chemical changes of building components in direct contact with environmental media lead to the deterioration of materials.
2.1.43 Rust
Corrosion of metal materials due to the electrochemical action of moisture and oxygen.
2.1.44 damage damage
Abnormal displacement, deformation, cracking, and damage and deterioration of materials caused by load, environmental erosion, disasters, and human factors.
2.1.45 mean mean
The average level of random variable values is also referred to as the 0.5th percentile value in this standard.
2.1.46 variance variance
A random variable takes the average of the square of the difference between its value and its mean.
2.1.47 standard deviation standard deviation
The positive square root of the variance of a random variable.
2.1.48 sample mean sample mean
Arithmetic mean of samples X1,, XN.
2.1.49 sample variance sample variance
The sum of the squares of the differences between the sample components and the sample mean is the numerator, and the denominator is the sample size minus 1.
2.1.50 sample standard deviation sample standard deviation
The positive square root of the sample variance.
2.1.51 sample sample
A group (one or more) of individuals drawn from the population (test batch) according to a certain procedure.
2.1.52 Individual item
An area or component for which an inspection or inspection data representative value can be obtained independently.
2.1.53 sample size sample size
The number of individuals included in the sample.
2.1.54 standard value characteristic value
A random variable has a characteristic value with a 95% guaranteed rate, which is also called the 0.05th percentile value of the distribution function in this standard.
2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Material strength
f1—— masonry block strength;
f1,m—sample mean value of masonry block compressive strength;
fcu,e - estimated value of concrete strength;
fcor—converted compressive strength of the core sample.
2.2.2 Statistical parameters
m—sample mean;
s—sample standard deviation;
μ——mean value or detection batch mean value;
σ——Standard deviation of detection batches.
2.2.3 Calculation parameters
△——correction amount;
η——Correction coefficient.
2.2.4 Reliable indicators
βR—reliable index of component bearing capacity;
βS - a reliable indicator of action effect.
2.2.5 Coefficient of variation
δR—coefficient of variation of member bearing capacity;
δS—the nominal coefficient of variation of the action effect.
2.2.6 Partial coefficient
γF—the comprehensive sub-item coefficient of the effect;
γR—partial coefficient of member bearing capacity.
3 Basic Regulations
3.1 Classification of building structure detection
3.1.1 The inspection of building structure should be divided into the inspection of structural engineering quality and the inspection of existing structural performance.
3.1.2 In case of any of the following situations, a third-party inspection agency should be entrusted to inspect the quality of structural engineering.
1.The testing stipulated by the current relevant national standards;
2 Insufficient quantity of structural engineering samples sent for inspection or lack of relevant inspection data;
3 The results of construction quality sample inspection or self-inspection by relevant parties do not meet the design requirements;
4 Doubts or disputes about the construction quality;
5 A quality or safety accident occurs;
6 The inspections required by the project quality insurance;
7 Doubts or disputes about the engineering quality of existing building structures;
8 Structures that have not been inspected for construction quality as required.
3.1.3 The inspection of structural engineering quality should be carried out to judge the conformity of the inspection conclusion.
3.1.4 Existing structures should be tested for the performance of the existing structures when the following assessments or appraisals are required.
1 Reliability assessment of building structures;
2 Building safety and seismic appraisal;
3 Assessment before building overhaul;
4 Evaluation before the building is changed in use, remodeled, added floors or expanded;
5 The assessment that the building structure will continue to be used after reaching the design service life;
6 Assessment of buildings affected by natural disasters and environmental erosion;
7.Assessment of emergencies or special problems found.
3.1.5 Existing structural performance testing should provide true, reliable and effective data and testing conclusions for structure assessment.
3.1.6 For structures affected by external human factors, a combination of structural engineering quality testing and existing structural performance testing can be adopted.
3.2 Basic requirements for testing work
3.2.1 On-site investigation and data investigation should be carried out before building structure inspection.
3.2.2 On-site investigation and data investigation shall include the following contents.
1 Collect engineering geological survey reports, as-built drawings or design and construction drawings, construction quality acceptance records and other materials of the tested structures;
2 Collect data on maintenance, testing, evaluation, reinforcement and transformation of building structures during their use;
3 Investigate the actual conditions of the detected building structure defects, damage, repair and reinforcement;
4 Investigate the actual conditions of the tested building structure environment, use or load, etc.;
5 Investigate the reasons for entrusting testing with relevant personnel and the problems that cannot be revealed in data investigation and on-site investigation.
3.2.3 The building structure inspection plan shall be compiled on the basis of on-site investigation and data investigation, and the client's opinion shall be sought for the building structure inspection plan.
3.2.4 The testing plan for building structures should include the following main technical contents.
1 Project overview or structural overview;
2 The purpose of testing or the testing requirements of the entrusting party;
3 testing basis;
4.Testing items, selected testing methods and testing quantity;
5 testing personnel and equipment;
6 Inspection work progress plan;
7 Coordination work required;
8 Safety measures and environmental protection measures in testing.
3.2.5 The instruments and equipment used for building structure testing shall meet the following requirements.
1.The accuracy of the instruments and equipment should meet the requirements of the testing items;
2.The instruments and equipment should be in the verification or calibration period during the test and should be in a normal state.
3.2.6 The original records of building structure testing shall meet the following requirements.
1 The original record should be recorded on a special recording paper, and the information should be complete and the handwriting should be clear;
2 The clerical errors in the original records should be corrected;
3 When thermal output records are used, a photocopy of the original should be attached;
4 The original records should be signed by the testing and recording personnel.
3.2.7 The test pieces or samples taken on-site for building structure testing shall be marked and properly preserved.
3.2.8 When it is found that the amount of test data is insufficient or the test data is abnormal, supplementary testing or re-testing should be performed.
3.2.9 The local damage detection method should choose the part of the structural member with less stress; after the on-site inspection of the building structure is completed, the local damage of the structure or member caused by the inspection should be repaired in time.
3.2.10 When inspecting cultural relic buildings and protected buildings, damage to structures should be avoided.
3.2.11 After the calculation and analysis of building structure inspection data is completed, the inspection report should be submitted in time.
3.2.12 The inspection report of structural engineering quality shall make a judgment on the compliance of the inspected items with the requirements of the design documents. The test report of the existing structural performance shall give the test conclusions of the tested items.
3.2.13 The building structure inspection report should have accurate conclusions, standardized wording, and concise text, and can explain in writing the terms and concepts that are easily confused by the parties.
3.3 Testing method and sampling plan
3.3.1 For the inspection of building structures, the applicable inspection, testing, observation and monitoring methods should be selected according to the inspection purpose, inspection items, building structure conditions and site conditions.
3.3.2 The testing of structural engineering quality should adopt the direct test method stipulated in the current relevant national standards; when the indirect test method stipulated in the current relevant national standards is selected, the test results of the direct test method should be used to correct the test results of the indirect test method.
3.3.3 Direct test method The amendment to the indirect test method shall comply with the relevant provisions of Appendix A of this standard.
3.3.4 The testing of the performance of the existing structure, when the testing and evaluation are carried out by the same organization, the following methods can be used.
1.The methods stipulated in the relevant current national standards;
2 Test methods to expand the scope of application of the method in paragraph 1;
3 Adjust the detection method of the operational measures in paragraph 1;
4 The detection method developed or introduced by the testing unit itself.
3.3.5 When the indirect test method stipulated in the current relevant national standards is adopted and the method has exceeded the scope of application or the test operation is adjusted, the test results of the direct test method should be used to verify or correct the test results of the indirect test method. The verification of indirect test methods by direct test methods shall comply with the relevant provisions of Appendix A of this standard.
3.3.6 When adjusting the operational measures stipulated in the relevant current national standards, the following regulations should still be met.
1 The testing unit should have detailed testing rules for corresponding testing operations;
2 The testing unit shall inform the entrusting party in advance.
3.3.7 The use of self-developed or imported testing methods shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The method must pass the technical appraisal and should have practical experience in engineering testing;
2 The method should be compared with the existing mature method in advance;
3 The testing unit should have corresponding testing rules;
4 It should be stated in the testing plan, and the testing rules should be provided to the entrusting party if necessary.
3.3.8 Building structure testing should be based on the requirements of the entrusting party and the characteristics of the testing items to determine the testing objects and the number of testing in the following ways.
1 Full detection plan;
2.Random sampling plan for test batches;
3 Determine the scheme of important testing batches;
4 Determine the plan for the important test items and objects of the test batch;
5.According to the requirements of the entrusting party, adopt the scheme of special structural inspection technology.
3.3.9 It is advisable to adopt a full testing plan for the verification and inspection of the following items.
1 Arrangement of components of structural system and inspection of important structures;
2 Verification of support nodes and connection forms;
3 On-site inspection of visible defects and visible damage of structural members, support nodes and connections;
4 Inspection of obvious displacement, deformation and deviation of structural members.
3.3.10 The counting and testing items of the test batch should be randomly sampled once or twice according to the quantity specified in Table 3.3.10.
Table 3.3.10 Minimum sample size for sampling inspection of building structures
Note. 1 Testing category A is applicable to the testing of general project construction quality; it can be used for general project testing of existing structures;
2 Inspection category B is suitable for the inspection of the construction quality of the main control project; it can be used for the inspection of important projects of existing structures;
3 Inspection category C is suitable for quality inspection or re-inspection of structural engineering construction; it can be used for inspection of existing structures with many problems.
3.3.11 The measurement and testing of the material strength of the test batch components shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The number of samples to be tested shall meet the following requirements.
1) It should comply with the current relevant national standards;
2) The sampling quantity for the standard value and average value of the test batch material strength should meet the limit requirements of this standard on the presumption interval.
2 When the limit requirements of the estimation interval cannot be met, the estimation of the material strength of a single member may be carried out.
3 The test area or sampling position for the material strength of the components shall be randomly arranged on the components of the test batch.
3.3.12 The performance testing of test batch materials shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The sampling test for material performance testing shall comply with the following regulations.
1) The number of sample sampling groups should be determined through negotiation with the entrusting party according to the needs of testing;
2) The quantity of each group of samples shall comply with the relevant current national standards;
3) The sampling positions of the samples shall be randomly arranged on the structural members of the test batch.
2 The non-destructive testing area for material properties should be randomly arranged on the components of the testing batch, and the testing quantity should comply with the current relevant national standards, and can also be determined through consultation with the entrusting party.
3.3.13 Structural engineering quality testing shall identify testing batches with the following problems as important testing batches.
1 Test batches with quality disputes;
2 Inspection batches with serious construction quality defects;
3.Inspection batches with serious quality problems found in full inspection or verification.
3.3.14 In the inspection of existing structural performance, components with the following problems shall be determined as important inspection batches or key inspection objects.
1 Components with deformation, damage, cracks and leakage;
2 Members and connections subjected to relatively large repeated loads or dynamic loads;
3 Components, connections and nodes affected by aggressive environment;
4 Components that are susceptible to wear and impact damage;
5 The entrusting party suspects that there are hidden danger components, etc.
3.3.15 In the following cases, the test object may be a single component or part of the components, but the test conclusion shall not be extended to the untested components or scope.
1 The entrusting party specifies the detection object or scope;
2 When some components are damaged due to environmental erosion or fire, explosion, high temperature and human factors.
3.3.16 When the full inspection or verification of the building structure finds problems other than the entrusted items, the inspection items and inspection objects of the inspection batch should be adjusted through negotiation.
3.3.17 For building structure testing, the applicable structural level testing technology should be selected for the problems existing in the structure.
3.4 Inspection of structures and components
3.4.1 The inspection of building structure can be divided into structural inspection and component inspection.
3.4.2 Structural-level detection can be divided into structural system and structure verification, structural monitoring, structural dynamic performance testing, structural vibration testing, and observation of structural settlement, inclination, displacement and deformation, etc.
3.4.3 The verification of the component arrangement and structure of the structural system shall be carried out by checking the actual situation according to the design requirements or the relevant standards.
3.4.4 The test of the dynamic performance of building structures should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Appendix B of this standard.
3.4.5 When it is necessary to determine the cause and extent of the vibration of the building structure, it is advisable to carry out the vibration characteristics of the vibration source and the test or monitoring of the vibration of the existing building according to the provisions of Appendix C of this standard.
3.4.6 When analyzing and determining the impact of vibration sources on building decoration or building structure, the original damage of the building and the damage caused by structural vibration should be distinguished; when there is no condition for distinction, it should be clearly stated in the report.
3.4.7 When it is necessary to determine the settlement of the building, the inclination of the main body, the horizontal displacement and the sunshine deformation, it can be tested according to the applicable method stipulated in the current industry standard "Code for Measurement of Building Deformation" JGJ 8.The tilt of the main body should be tested according to the method of the non-prism total station in Appendix D of this standard.
3.4.8 When analyzing the relationship between uneven settlement and building displacement or deformation, construction deviation and building displacement or deformation should be distinguished.
3.4.9 When analyzing and determining the damage caused by uneven settlement, the original damage of the building and the damage caused by uneven settlement should be distinguished. The determination of damage caused by uneven settlement should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Technical Regulations for Crack Prevention and Control in Construction Engineering" JGJ/T 317.
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