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GB/T 4130.1-2025: Acoustics - Calibration of hydrophones - Part 1: Procedures for free-field calibration
Status: Valid GB/T 4130.1: Evolution and historical versions
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| GB/T 4130.1-2025 | English | 1394 |
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Acoustics - Calibration of hydrophones - Part 1: Procedures for free-field calibration
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GB/T 4130.1-2025
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| GB/T 4130-2017 | English | 659 |
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Acoustics -- Low frequency calibration methods of hydrophones
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GB/T 4130-2017
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| GB/T 4130-2000 | English | 759 |
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Acoustics. Low frequency calibration methods of hydrophones
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GB/T 4130-2000
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| GB/T 4130-1984 | English | RFQ |
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Low frequency calibration methods of hydrophones
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GB/T 4130-1984
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Standard similar to GB/T 4130.1-2025 GB/T 50082 GB/T 51033 GB/T 4130.2 Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 4130.1-2025 (GB/T4130.1-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Acoustics - Calibration of hydrophones - Part 1: Procedures for free-field calibration | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | A59 | | Classification of International Standard | 17.140.30 | | Word Count Estimation | 70,763 | | Date of Issue | 2025-08-01 | | Date of Implementation | 2026-02-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 3223-1994 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China | GB/T 4130.1-2025: Acoustics - Calibration of hydrophones - Part 1: Procedures for free-field calibration
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT4130.1-2025
ICS 17.140.30
CCSA59
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 3223-1994
Acoustic hydrophone calibration
Part 1.Free-field calibration method
Part 1.Proceduresforfree-fieldcalibration
(IEC 60565-1.2020,Underwateracoustics-Hydrophones-Calibrationof
Released on August 1, 2025
Implementation on February 1, 2026
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of Contents
Preface V
Introduction VI
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 2
4 Symbols 5
5 General Calibration Procedure 7
5.1 General Calibration Requirements 7
5.2 Free field requirements 7
5.3 Acoustic Far Field Requirements 8
5.4 Steady-state requirements 8
5.5 Equipment Requirements 8
5.6 Positioning and alignment 10
5.7 Representation of Frequency Response 11
5.8 Frequency Limit 12
5.9 Sound Interference Check 12
6 Electrical Measurement 12
6.1 Signal Type 12
6.2 Electrical Grounding 13
6.3 Measurement of Hydrophone Output Voltage 13
6.4 Measurement of Transmitter Drive Current 14
6.5 Measurement of Transmitter Drive Voltage 15
7 Transducer Preparation and Adjustment 15
7.1 Soak 15
7.2 Wetting 15
7.3 Extension of hydrophone cable 15
7.4 Environmental conditions (temperature and depth) 15
8 Free-field three-transducer spherical wave reciprocity calibration 16
8.1 General Principles 16
8.2 Calibration to determine the sensitivity modulus (excluding phase) 17
8.3 Phase Calibration of Hydrophone Sensitivity 20
9 Free-field comparison calibration with a reference transducer 22
9.1 Principle 22
9.2 Types of comparative calibration 22
9.3 Hydrophone Calibration Using a Reference Hydrophone 22
9.4 Hydrophone Calibration Using a Reference Transmitter 24
9.5 Transmitter calibration using a reference hydrophone 25
10 Report of calibration results 27
10.1 Sensitivity 27
10.2 Sensitivity Level 27
10.3 Calibration uncertainty 27
10.4 Supporting Materials 27
11 Recalibration cycle 27
Appendix A (Informative) Directional response of a hydrophone or transmitter 29
A.1 General Principles 29
A.2 Types of measurement implementation 29
A.3 Coordinate System 29
A.4 Sound field requirements 29
A.5 Positioning and alignment 29
A.6 Signal Type 30
A.7 Measurement of transducer directivity response 30
A.8 Calculation of directivity response level (angular deviation loss) 30
A.9 Uncertainty 30
A.10 Graphical representation 30
A.11 Directivity factor 31
A.12 Directivity index 31
Appendix B (Informative) Measurement of electrical impedance of hydrophones and transmitters 32
B.1 General Principles 32
B.2 Measurement of electrical impedance 32
B.3 Derivation of other electrical impedance parameters 33
B.4 Graphical representation 33
Appendix C (Informative) Calculation of Electrical Load Correction 35
C.1 Electrical load correction 35
C.2 Using Complex Impedance to Correct Amplifier Load 35
C.3 Using Complex Impedance Correction to Extend Cable Loads 35
C.4 Correction for Purely Capacitive Loads 36
Appendix D (Informative) Acoustic Far-Field Criteria in Underwater Acoustic Calibration 37
D.1 Overview 37
D.2 Sound Field of Piston Transducer 37
D.3 Far-field condition criteria 38
D.4 Far-field criteria in directivity response measurements 38
Appendix E (Informative) Pulse Techniques in Free-Field Calibration 39
E.1 Overview 39
E.2 No-echo time 39
E.3 Minimum spacing 40
E.4 Startup transient 41
E.5 Bandwidth considerations 42
E.6 Electrical Crosstalk 42
E.7 Pulse duration 43
E.8 Reverberation and Pulse Repetition Rate 43
E.9 Typical pool dimensions 43
E.10 Spherical Wave Conditions 43
E.11 Reflection of mounting rods and clamps 43
E.12 Analysis Methods of Sound Burst Signals 43
E.13 Upper frequency limit 44
E.14 Lower frequency limit 45
E.15 Advanced Technology for Extending Lower Frequency Limit 46
Appendix F (Informative) Uncertainty Evaluation of Hydrophone and Transmitter Calibration 47
F.1 Overview 47
F.2 Class A uncertainty assessment 47
F.3 Class B uncertainty assessment 47
F.4 Uncertainty Report 47
F.5 Common sources of uncertainty 47
Appendix G (Informative) Derivation of the Three-Transducer Spherical Wave Reciprocity Calibration Formula 50
G.1 Overview 50
G.2 Determination of sensitivity modulo 50 by calibration
G.3 Determination of complex sensitivity by calibration 51
Appendix H (Informative) Traveling Wave Tube Calibration Method 53
H.1 Overview 53
H.2 Calibration Steps 53
H.3 Limitations of the Method 53
H.4 Extensions to methods 53
Appendix I (Informative) Calibration of Hydrophones by Optical Interferometry 54
I.1 Overview 54
I.2 General Principles 54
I.3 Step 54
I.4 Methodology Discussion 55
Appendix J (Informative) Calibration using a continuous wave signal in a reverberation tank 56
J.1 General Principles 56
J.2 Using a Noise Signal 56
J.3 Using LFM Signals 57
J.4 Uncertainty 57
Reference 58
Preface
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting.
This document is Part 1 of GB/T 4130 “Calibration of acoustic hydrophones”. GB/T 4130 has been published in the following parts.
--- Part 1.Free-field calibration method;
--- Part 2.Low frequency sound pressure field calibration method.
This document replaces GB/T 3223-1994 "Acoustics - Free-field calibration method for underwater acoustic transducers" and is consistent with GB/T 3223-1994.
In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
--- Added symbols (see Chapter 4);
--- Added universal calibration steps (see Chapter 5);
--- Added electrical measurements (see Chapter 6);
--- Added transducer preparation (see Chapter 7);
--- Added the report of calibration results (see Chapter 10);
--- Increased recalibration cycle (see Chapter 11);
--- Deleted the determination of hydrophone voltage coupling loss (see Appendix B of the.1994 edition).
This document is equivalent to IEC 60565-1.2020 "Underwater acoustics - Hydrophone calibration - Part 1.Free-field calibration of hydrophones"
method".
The following minimal editorial changes have been made to this document.
--- To coordinate with the existing standard, the name of the standard is changed to "Calibration of Acoustic Hydrophones Part 1.Free-field Calibration Method".
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Acoustics Standardization (SAC/TC17).
This document was drafted by. Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 715th Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, and Haiying Enterprise Group.
Limited Liability Company, Harbin Engineering University, and China National Institute of Metrology.
The main drafters of this document are. Li Peng, Mo Xiping, Chen Yi, Li Ping, Tang Rui, Lin Jinhu, Niu Fengqi, Yang Ping, Wang Min, Hu Bo, and Meng Li.
The previous versions of this document and the documents it replaces are as follows.
---First issued in 1982 as GB 3223-1982;
---First revised in.1994;
introduction
Hydrophones are used to convert underwater acoustic signals into electrical signals and are the core of sonar, underwater noise measurement systems, marine acoustic instruments and other equipment.
To ensure the accuracy and reliability of their measurement results, they need to be calibrated before use.
GB/T 4130 "Calibration of Acoustic Hydrophones" describes the calibration method of hydrophones, which aims to standardize and guide the calibration of hydrophones.
It consists of parts.
--- Part 1.Free-field calibration method. The purpose is to establish the free-field calibration of hydrophones and transducers in the frequency range of.200 Hz to 1 MHz.
By field calibration method.
--- Part 2.Low frequency sound pressure field calibration method. The purpose is to establish the low frequency sound pressure field calibration method of hydrophone in the frequency range of 0.01 Hz to several kilohertz.
Calibration method in high-frequency sound pressure field.
The purpose of this document is to establish a method for the calibration of hydrophones under free-field conditions for marine applications, including those used as hydrophones and/or transmitters.
This document provides the calibration method for a single underwater electroacoustic transducer with a radiated transducer. This document provides the measurement principles, procedures and sources of uncertainty.
Acoustic hydrophone calibration
Part 1.Free-field calibration method
1 Scope
This document specifies the specifications for hydrophones and single electroacoustic transducers that can be used as hydrophones (receivers) and/or transmitters (transmitting transducers).
Free-field calibration methods and procedures. Two general calibration methods are included. absolute calibration using the three-transducer spherical wave reciprocity method;
Relative calibration compared to a calibrated reference device.
The maximum frequency range of the method specified in this document is.200Hz~1MHz. The minimum applicable frequency depends on many factors. Typical
The frequency range is.200Hz to 5kHz, depending mainly on the size of the test equipment used.
The frequency is 1MHz.
The calibration method for hydrophones with low-frequency sound pressure fields is given in IEC 60565-2[6]. The calibration method for hydrophones with frequencies above 1 MHz is given in IEC 60565-2[6].
62127-2[7].
This document does not include. calibration of low frequency sound pressure field hydrophones; calibration of digital hydrophones and systems; calibration of ocean self-contained sound recorders;
Calibration of vector sensors, such as particle velocity sensors, acoustic pressure gradient hydrophones; calibration of passive sonar arrays composed of multiple hydrophones; launch
Calibration of an active sonar array consisting of a transmitter and a hydrophone.
This document describes the requirements for test facilities, instrumentation, signal processing, and frequency limits for the free-field calibration method.
The achievable uncertainty and reporting rules for calibration data. The informative appendix provides the following guidance.
• Measurement of the directional response of a hydrophone or transmitter;
• Measurement of hydrophone and transmitter electrical impedance;
• Electrical load correction;
• Acoustic far-field criteria in underwater acoustic calibration;
• Pulse techniques in free-field calibration;
• Uncertainty assessment of free-field calibration of hydrophones and transmitters;
• Derivation of the three-transducer spherical wave reciprocity calibration formula;
• Calibration using a traveling wave tube;
• Hydrophone calibration using optical interferometry;
• Calibration using continuous wave signals in a reverberant water tank.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
Note. GB/T 2900.86-2009 Electrical terminology - Acoustics and electroacoustics (IEC 60050-801.1994, IDT)
IEC 60500.2017 Underwater acoustic hydrophones – Characteristics of hydrophones in the frequency range 1 Hz to 500 kHz
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