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System and software engineering - Software engineering body of knowledge
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GB/T 31102-2025
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 31102-2025 (GB/T31102-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | System and software engineering - Software engineering body of knowledge | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | L77 | | Classification of International Standard | 35.080 | | Word Count Estimation | 126,128 | | Date of Issue | 2025-05-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2025-12-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/Z 31102-2014 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 31102-2025: System and software engineering - Software engineering body of knowledge---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 35.080
CCSL77
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Replace GB /Z 31102-2014
Systems and Software Engineering Software Engineering Knowledge System
Released on 2025-05-30
2025-12-01 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of contents
Preface V
Introduction VI
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 1
3.1 Terms and Definitions 1
3.2 Abbreviations 1
4 Software Requirements 2
4.1 General 2
4.2 Software Requirements Basics 4
4.3 Requirements Process 5
4.4 Requirements Discovery 6
4.5 Requirements Analysis 8
4.6 Requirements Specification 9
4.7 Requirements Confirmation 10
4.8 Practical considerations 11
4.9 Software Requirements Tools 12
5 Software Design12
5.1 General 12
5.2 Software Design Fundamentals 14
5.3 Key Issues in Software Design 15
5.4 Software Architecture 16
5.5 User Interface Design 17
5.6 Software Design Quality Analysis and Evaluation 18
5.7 Software Design Notation 19
5.8 Software Design Strategies and Methods 20
5.9 Software Design Tools 21
6 Software Construction 21
6.1 General Principles 21
6.2 Software Construction Basics 22
6.3 Construction Management 23
6.4 Practical considerations 24
6.5 Construction technology 26
6.6 Software Construction Tools 29
7 Software Testing 30
7.1 General 30
7.2 Software Testing Basics 32
7.3 Test Level 33
7.4 Testing Technology 36
7.5 Test-related measures 39
7.6 Testing Process 40
7.7 Software Testing Tools 42
8 Software Maintenance 43
8.1 General Principles43
8.2 Software Maintenance Basics 44
8.3 Key Issues in Software Maintenance 46
8.4 Maintenance process 48
8.5 Maintenance Technology 51
8.6 Software Maintenance Tools 52
9 Software Configuration Management52
9.1 General Principles52
9.2 SCM Process Management 54
9.3 Software Configuration Identification 56
9.4 Software Configuration Control 58
9.5 Software Configuration Status Description 60
9.6 Software Configuration Audit 60
9.7 Software Release Management and Delivery 61
9.8 Software Configuration Management Tools 61
10 Software Engineering Management62
10.1 General 62
10.2 Initiation and scope definition 64
10.3 Software Project Planning 65
10.4 Software Project Implementation 66
10.5 Review and Evaluation 67
10.6 End 67
10.7 Software Engineering Measurement 68
10.8 Software Engineering Management Tools 69
11 Software Engineering Process 69
11.1 General 69
11.2 Software Engineering Process Definition 71
11.3 Software Life Cycle 71
11.4 Software Engineering Process Evaluation and Improvement 72
11.5 Software Measurement 74
11.6 Software Engineering Process Tools 76
12 Software Engineering Models and Methods 77
12.1 General Principles77
12.2 Modeling 79
12.3 Model Classification 80
12.4 Model Analysis 81
12.5 Software Engineering Methods 82
13 Software Quality 84
13.1 General 84
13.2 Software Quality Foundations 86
13.3 Software Quality Management Process 88
13.4 Practical considerations 91
13.5 Software Quality Tools 94
14 Software Engineering Professional Practice 94
14.1 General 94
14.2 Professionalization96
14.3 Team Dynamics and Psychology 101
14.4 Communication Skills 103
15 Basics of Software Engineering 104
15.1 Software Engineering Economics 104
15.2 Engineering 105
15.3 Mathematical Foundations 106
15.4 Basics of Computing 107
References 110
Foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting.
This document replaces GB /Z 31102-2014 "Software Engineering - Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge" and is consistent with GB /Z 31102-2014.
In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
--- Considering that this document has been changed from a national standardization guiding technical document to a recommended national standard, Chapters 4 to 14 have been added
"General Principles". "General Principles" provides the knowledge topics that should be mastered and understood according to the knowledge subdomains (see 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1,
9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1);
---Added a chapter on “Basics of Software Engineering” (see Chapter 15).
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed and coordinated by the National Information Technology Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC28).
This document was drafted by. China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute, Jiangsu CESI Technology Development Co., Ltd., Guangxi Dayi Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen CESI Information Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing University of Technology, Inspur Software Technology Co., Ltd., Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd. Information Center
Software Evaluation Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai Computer Software Technology Development Center, National Application Software Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center, China Aerospace
Institute of Systems Science and Engineering, Guangdong Yian Civil Air Defense Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Chuangen Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Micro
Satellite Engineering Center, Shanghai Baosight Software Co., Ltd., University of Science and Technology Beijing, Guangzhou Panyu Vocational and Technical College, Nanjing University, Harbin
University of Science and Technology, National Information Center, Supcon Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Nantian Software Co., Ltd., Kunlun Digital Intelligence Technology Co., Ltd.
Ltd., Jiangxi Tianli Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Software and Information Service Exchange Co., Ltd., Shanghai Yiruan Testing Technology Co., Ltd.,
Guangyu Mingdao Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo Xinyuan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Kubao Software Co., Ltd., Zhongzhi Software Co., Ltd.
Ltd., Beijing Xinglin Kangyun Information Technology Co., Ltd., Guoxin Blue Bridge Education Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Maxime Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd.
Co., Ltd., Shandong Shanke Digital Economy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai Software Industry Association, Inspur General Software Co., Ltd., Guangdong Province
Science and Technology Infrastructure Platform Center.
The main drafters of this document are. Zhang Yangyang, Zhang Xingxing, Wen Jiakai, Liu Beichen, Liu Xiaojian, Li Zhaochuan, Li Lingfan, Liu Chenxi, Xu Zhiguo,
Su Wei, Zhang Wenyuan, Ding Xiaoming, Hu Yun, Lou Li, Lu Lu, Wang Gongtao, Zhang Haibo, Xu Yuanxu, Mao Lingyan, Zhang Hanwen, Zheng Chufeng, Peng Qian, Chen Zhenyu,
Ma Ying, Li Xing, Wang Xi, Chen Xu, Wu Dilong, Li Yuhong, Zhang Li, Zhang Lei, Chen Chao, Chen Jiyang, Zhu Lechao, Zhao Xin, Zhao Yi, Hao Lin, Chen Cong,
Zhou Changhuai, Yang Zehua, Fan Lingling, Huang Linfang, Zhao Juxue, Fang Chunrong, Sun Fanghui, Deng Zixian, Zhu Shaotao, Zhang Feng, Qi Yuqi, Feng Liujun,
Zhang Hongjia, Zhuo Qingfeng, Yu Tieqiang, Xie Jing, Wang Xiaohu, Chen Xiaolin, Ding Wei, Li Yanting, Li Jianwei, Zhao Wenhua, Jia Xibin, Li Min, Shen Ying,
Li Weilong and Kuang Biqin.
The previous versions of this document and the documents it replaces are as follows.
---First published in.2014 as GB /Z 31102-2014;
Introduction
With the rapid development of software engineering in recent years, the content of relevant knowledge systems and knowledge domains (KA) has changed.
After revision, this document lists 11 KA related knowledge, including. software requirements, software design, software architecture,
software manufacturing, software testing, software maintenance, software configuration management, software engineering management, software engineering process, software engineering models and methods, software quality,
Software engineering professional practice, and basic knowledge of software engineering economics, engineering, mathematical foundations, computing foundations, etc.
This document describes the content of the software engineering discipline and clarifies the status of software engineering. It shows that software engineering is closely related to project management, computer
This document provides information on the various topics in the software engineering body of knowledge, for curriculum development, professional certification, and
This document covers 11 KAs and 1 set of basic knowledge, which are divided into the following four categories.
--- Basic knowledge category, which stipulates the basic knowledge of software engineering that software engineers should master (Chapter 15), including software engineering experience
Economics (15.1), Engineering (15.2), Mathematical Foundations (15.3), Computing Foundations (15.4) and related knowledge.
It is the cornerstone for other KAs to be built on;
--- Development and delivery, including the traditional waterfall life cycle model involving software requirements (Chapter 4), software design (Chapter 5), software
Software Construction (Chapter 6), Software Testing (Chapter 7), Software Maintenance (Chapter 8) and related KAs, with a focus on software
Technical application topics in the development and delivery process;
---Management support, including configuration management (Chapter 9), engineering project management, and software development and delivery until the end of the operation and maintenance process.
Project management (Chapter 10) and software engineering process (Chapter 11), quality management (Chapter 13) and other management-related KA and related
theme;
---Practical methods, including software engineering modeling and software engineering methods summarized from practice (Chapter 12), various software engineering professions
Cultural requirements and psychology, team communication skills (Chapter 14) related KA and related topics.
Each KA is an independent chapter, and the content of each chapter adopts a hierarchical organizational structure, which is as follows.
---Domain (e.g., 7 software testing);
---Subdomains (e.g., 7.2 Software Testing Fundamentals);
---Topic (e.g., 7.2.2 Key issues);
---Subtopics (e.g., 7.2.2.7 Testability).
In addition, a "General Principle" is added to each KA to summarize the content of this KA and give the undergraduate graduation requirements for software engineering related majors.
or practitioner entry requirements, and the recommended topics in this KA.
Systems and Software Engineering Software Engineering Knowledge System
1 Scope
This document establishes the connotation and boundaries of software engineering and specifies the relevant knowledge content.
This document applies to.
a) Promote the industry's consensus on software engineering;
b) Clarify the place of software engineering and describe its relationship to other disciplines such as computer science, project management, computer engineering, and mathematics.
the relationships between disciplines;
c) describe the content of the software engineering discipline;
d) provide topics for using the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge;
e) Provide a basis for curriculum development, professional certification and licensure information.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
GB/T 11457 Information Technology Software Engineering Terminology
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 11457 apply to this document.
3.2 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations apply to this document.
BNF. Backus-Naur Form
CIA. Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability
COTS. Commercial Off-the-Shelf
FDD. Feature-Driven Development
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