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GB/T 30083-2013: Copper, lead and zinc ores and concentrates -- Precision and bias of mass measurement techniques
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Copper, lead and zinc ores and concentrates -- Precision and bias of mass measurement techniques
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GB/T 30083-2013
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 30083-2013 (GB/T30083-2013) | | Description (Translated English) | Copper, lead and zinc ores and concentrates -- Precision and bias of mass measurement techniques | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | D42 | | Classification of International Standard | 77.120.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 42,455 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 3358.1-2009; GB/T 3358.2-2009; GB/T 6379.1-2004 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 12745-2008, IDT | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standards Bulletin No. 25 of 2013 | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard specifies the calculation method bias, precision, and a measurement of the quality of the resulting variety of precision measurement methods. The standard deviation is confirmed by measurement of no statistical data to calculate the variance | GB/T 30083-2013: Copper, lead and zinc ores and concentrates -- Precision and bias of mass measurement techniques
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Copper, lead and zinc ores and concentrates.Precision and bias of mass measurement techniques
ICS 77.120.01
D42
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Copper, lead and zinc concentrates and
Precision and bias of the measurement method
Copper, leadandzincoresandconcentrates-
(ISO 12745.2008, IDT)
Issued on. 2013-12-17
2014-09-01 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China released
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2009 given rules.
This standard uses the translation method identical with ISO 12745.2008 "The precision and bias of copper, lead and zinc concentrates and methods of measurement."
This standard and ISO 12745.2008 The main differences are as follows.
--- With a decimal point instead of a comma as the decimal point in the international standard ",". ",";
--- Use the "standard" instead of "this International Standard";
--- According to Chinese customary change the standard name;
--- Remove the cover of the international standards, directory, foreword and introduction.
This standard by the national non-ferrous metals Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC243) centralized.
This standard is drafted by. Nantong Exit Inspection and Quarantine, China Nonferrous Metals Industry Institute of Standards Metrology and Quality, have Zhongtiaoshan
Color Metal Group Limited.
Participated in the drafting of this standard. Ningbo Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Hou Jin, Douhuai Zhi, Zhao Junfeng, Ma Lijun, Caoguo Zhou, Zhang Xiaodong, Huiping Lim Peng Hong, Zhang Aiping.
Copper, lead and zinc concentrates and
Precision and bias of the measurement method
Materials, operations and equipment covered by this standard warning --- potentially dangerous. This standard is applicable prior to use are responsible for establishing appropriate
Should the health and safety conditions and to determine the possible specification limits.
1 Scope
This standard specifies the calculation method bias, precision, and a method of metering the resulting quality of the various methods of measurement precision.
This standard is based on a statistical validation of measurement methods by unbiased data, calculate the variance measure of its precision and examined within its operating range
Linearity of measurement based on. The calibration method and results of performance testing using the applicable provisions of the quantitative measurement methods can be used to fine
And to determine the linear density and deviation measuring device.
The standard deviation is used to calculate the vehicle or concentrate shipping wet weight measurement method, as the two sides trade transport, insurance, pre-paid and most end
The basis for calculation.
Static scale applications require at least not less than 1t quality of the goods in order to check, and that the quality should be consistent with the scale range. With a series of cover
Cover the entire weighing device quality standard was applied load operating range as to estimate its precision and detect its entire operating range of linear, indeed
Recognize its calibration status process.
2 Normative references
The following documents for the application of this document is essential. For dated references, only the dated version suitable for use herein
Member. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 3358.1-2009 Statistics Vocabulary and symbols - Part 1. General statistical terms and terms used in probability
(ISO 3534.1, IDT)
GB/T 3358.2-2009 Statistics Vocabulary and symbols - Part 2. Applied Statistics (ISO 3534.2, IDT)
GB/T 6379.1-2004 measurement methods and results of Accuracy (trueness and precision) Part 1 General principles and definitions (ISO
5725.1, IDT)
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
Note 1. In the application of the statistical authority of books, σ2 only used only for an unknown population variance estimation of the measurement process. On the contrary, the symbol for the sample variance s2 and
Thus limiting the adjustment measurements. The standard method of bulk sampling or σ σ2 often used to distinguish.
Note 2. The following definitions of the most commonly used measurement technology concepts and terminology, and to clarify the risk of cargo damage gain the possibility of quantitative methods and standard commercial transport
Non-standard expected difference between the method used.
3.1
Accuracy accuracy
Quality measurement results and the degree of consistency between the true value.
Note. Accuracy can not be measured abstraction, but by bias or systematic error can be quantified accuracy deviation measured.
3.2
Bias bias
Expectations and accept the results of the difference between the reference value.
Note. This definition is valid only when accepted reference value is known and has the absolute degree of certainty (quality and length of international units). Suppose accepted reference value limited
Within the confidence limits are known and accepted reference test results fall within the expected value of the confidence limits than expected and accepted reference value is the difference between the test results
deviation. For example, typically granted only by the quality of one measurement, the measurement value is not expected. This standard deviation is granted independence wet weight
Estimated statistically significant difference between the values (loading and unloading, called static and dynamic said), and quality measurement should as much as possible by the most direct
Money transfer dates back to the national prototype kilogram and the quality of international units.
3.3
Belt scales beltscale
The goods on the belt through the inner conveyor section hanging scales continuously accumulated and recorded in the cumulative mass metering device.
NOTE. The belt scale is a continuous metering device calibration method. applied load, such as calibrated chain (dynamic) on the segment portion of the belt weigher, or standard quality material
Hanging in the balance after a certain frame accumulation period (static), or with a belt measuring scales have weighing scales from static quality of the material (material weighing method).
3.4
Deviation detection limit (BDL) biasdetectionlimit
T test or inspection system deviation plus loads and loads measured deviation between capacity and sensitivity.
3.5
The coefficient of variation (CV) coefficientofvariation
Measuring measurement methods of stochastic volatility, the standard deviation value equal to a percentage of the measurement quality.
3.6
Confidence interval (CI) confidenceinterval
A certain confidence level, including all possible difference measurements and the mean of their range.
3.7
Confidence Range (CR) confidencerange
A certain confidence level, including all measurements, including the possible range.
NOTE. science and engineering generally use 95% confidence intervals and scope.
3.8
The correlation coefficient (r) correlationcoefficient
Measuring a series of standard quality was measured and the correlation between loads or independence.
3.9
Water gauge measuring draftsurvey
Based on a measurement method to convert the difference freighter under different loading conditions to mass displacement, the method must be established taking into account the water
Density, temperature and ballast and ballast supply and the impact of changes in water gauge table.
Note. The water gauge is measured based on Archimedes' principle, which floats suffered buoyancy equal to its gravity. Quality goods can be shipped by water gauge, parallax, press
Changes cabin was consumed and the supply was converted to mass measured according to the ship's water gauge table.
3.10
Precision precision
Measurement methods of the cumulative effect of random fluctuations.
Note. The precision is a special word, such as "high-precision", "low precision" and "high precision quality", although no quantitative information but they are effective
description.
3.11
Possible deviation range (PBR) probablebiasrange
For only the risk class Ⅰ or Ⅱ Ⅰ type and category of risk is measured deviation located at a predetermined probability condition limits.
3.12
Relative standard deviation (sr) relativestandarddeviation
Measuring measurement methods of random fluctuations, numerically equal to the standard deviation divided by the measurement quality.
3.13
Standard deviation (s) standarddeviation
Measuring measurement methods of random fluctuations, numerically equal to the square root of the variance.
3.14
Static scale staticscale
Would, or funnel suspended gantry static load converted to mass metering device or platform on the scales.
Note. static scale batch type measuring device using a single standard weights or calibration correction hydraulic device. Static scale can automatically zero, so that by the tare
And the difference between gross and accumulated to quality. Double hopper scales can achieve approximate continuous mass flow during loading and unloading operations without sacrificing the accuracy and static scales
Precision quality.
3.15
T-test (t) Student'st-value
Series than the difference between the standard deviation of the mean difference between the applied load and average load measurements mean.
3.16
Class Ⅰ risk (α) typeⅠrisk
When the mean difference is statistically equivalent to zero, assuming a series of applied load and average load measurement is consistent, α to reject the hypothesis
risk.
3.17
Ⅱ class risk (β) typeⅡrisk
When the mean difference statistically not zero, assuming a series of applied load and average load measurement is consistent, β risk to reject the hypothesis.
3.18
Variance (s2) variance
Measuring measurement methods of stochastic fluctuations, each equal to the measured data and the mean squared difference between the value divided by the number of measurements minus one (degree of freedom n-1).
Note. Applied Statistics Textbooks term "mean square deviation from the mean value obtained" is often used to denote the variance.
4 Subjects
International or national manual metering device defines uncertainty of measurement technology. In some manual, "bias" is defined as "error
Poor "or" systematic error ", while others refer to" the maximum allowable risk "and" tolerance ", respectively, as a measuring method for the determination of random variance
Methods.
Unless the "maximum tolerance" or "tolerance" is exactly equal to 95% or 99% confidence interval, otherwise it can not be converted to a measure
Variance precision metering process basic instruments. Nevertheless, as a measure of trade between the two sides at risk, given only concentrates wet
The exact value of the weight variance to be calculated to give a dry weight at 95% confidence interval and scope and precision metal content.
Water gauge measuring 4.1
Before and after loading and unloading ships displacement distribution is converted into water gauge table with a wet weight basis. Such as for ballast and fuel, fresh water, make up
And other changes to the consumables need to be amended. To difference under different loading conditions of ship displacement into quality, but also need to gauge
Ballast water and the average density of the water around the ship operator.
External factors such as wind speed and salinity stratification limits the water gauge measurement precision. When the boat is not fully laden hull deformation increases further
Uncertainty thus may form a bias. Single cargo hold water gauge measurements are often not full tank measurement accuracy. When the ship without ballast and completely full or
Water gauge measurements can get the highest precision when fully unloaded.
If the bilge water is discharged through a bilge water valve will then drift so that cargo weight discrepancies. In this case, when the discharge will be measured wet weight
Significantly lower than when loading, unloading and dry weight before and after basically the same. The oxidation reaction is usually a small increase in quality, but high-precision measurement of water gauge
Volatility so that it can be ignored.
2.5% In general, the coefficient of variation range from 0.5% evaluation of precision low to high. By comparing the handling of water gauge can be found in the lowest
The coefficient of variation. If the water gauge inspector unloading know the bill of lading, water gauge measurement port of discharge and loading system no longer has
Independence count on.
When measuring the water gauge is loaded on board officials and representatives of the transport side of the water gauge inspectors, sometimes on behalf of buyers between the water gauge inspector
Consensus-based. In this case, the water gauge measuring precision loading time is incalculable. Only having two or more funding
Quality water gauge inspector simultaneously but independently complete water gauge measurements in order to accurately estimate their precision.
Suppose goods free of moisture and mechanical losses do not cause bias, water gauge measuring precision can also be measured by a known static scale precision characteristics
Wet weight to estimate the amount of cargo. Since the deformation difference carriers under different conditions of transport, water gauge can not be measured as static measurement apparatus having the same line
Sexual relations.
Appendix C provides an example of a calculation by measuring the displacement of water gauge.
Belt scale measuring 4.2
Belt scale is a way to change over a long period of suspension belt segment load accumulated continuous (dynamic) of the metering device. Leather belt
Precision and Bias scale measurement depends on a number of factors, rather than its operating environment. Belt scale calibration can be achieved by a metering mechanism
The upper belt traction chain formed in said frame static weight, or the use of a certain quality is measured by the static scale too wet weight of the material.
Although relatively short time, but the use of dynamic material test weight is the most reliable method of calibrating scales.
A series belt scales and hopper scales integrated belt conveyor system, by comparing the wet weight of (static and dynamic) to be corrected
And estimation accuracy. A pair of belt weigher series can have the following advantages. cargo carve into the transport mechanism and belt that can lead to suspension mechanism between
Two measurements inconsistent. Determine anomalous difference can be corrected, the belt weigher removed periodically overflow can reduce drift and bias
Likelihood of occurrence.
Under optimum conditions in the form of a coefficient of variation of the measured precision of 0.4%, but under conditions of risk coefficient of variation is likely to exceed 3.5%.
Under normal conditions, you can measure and control calibration before each measurement interval variance to obtain real and reliable belt weigher precision.
Frequent calibration ensures that the belt weigher get wet weight unbiased estimator. Central limit theorem dynamic continuous weighing scales precision wet weight
Significantly lower than with static scale batches weighing.
Under normal circumstances linear belt scale is difficult to measure. Manufacturer of load cell response linearity 4mA ~ 20mA Fan
Wai testing. Nevertheless, the linear test conditions does not ensure a linear load under normal circumstances. In addition to non-linear deviation will not be more than
Such as adding more uncertainty factors belt tension, hardness, thickness or wet material such as wind.
4.3 Measurement weighbridge
Wet weight by weighing often concentrate cargo cars and trucks around the mine, port, loading and unloading the furnace to determine the quality. Such as by static scales loadometer
Wet weight precision can be considered accurate. Wet weight measurement of the metal content of the contribution to the variance was significantly lower than the measured moisture and metal components
the amount. Sprung mass balance beam and the support structure is only a small part of the gross weight. Results tare variance is significantly less than the gross, indicating a
Net wet weight of the unit depends on its gross variance variance. After each cycle, weighbridge automatically or manually to eliminate zero drift.
Detecting mechanism will be used to determine the quality of a vehicle or truck to correct the weighbridge. Each truck gives only a calibration point, and linear partial
The difference can not be measured. With two trucks can get three calibration points to provide useful but limited linear information. The most effective test for linear
It is to increase or decrease the scope of work covered a series of standard quality material. Equally effective but time-consuming method is to add each on a quantitative basis
1t ~ 2t on the quality of standard quality material until the measured increase in the amount of 5t ~ 10t in its scope of work.
Weighbridge precision parameter can be repeated measurements to detect and control by truck or van back and forth. It is usually measured by randomly chosen
Truck or van gross weight after the removal of the vehicle. Required zero after weighing the vehicle with the platform again. 4 or more sets of data can be absolute difference
Gross weight used to calculate a single measurement variance. Representative weighbridge load factor range of variation Gross precision is usually 0.1% to 0.5%.
The precision can also be increased by an estimated minimum measurement platform 5 to 10 times the mass through the weighbridge to gross load. Plus record
Or without testing the quality of gross measurement results, based on 6 to 12 data points calculated gross load variance. Such estimation precision
Less than but not significantly lower than the repeated measurements by truck or lorry loaded mass of the obtained precision.
No loading on the scale of this process can be repeated. A quality test and recorded on the scale. Then, the test mass is removed, e.g.
If you need to zero. This process is repeated at least 6 times, the load can be calculated near-zero variance.
4.4 hopper scales measuring
Cargo wet weight scales can be measured by a single or a pair of parallel hopper. Usually a hopper scale is automatically cleared after unloading in order to eliminate wet
Goods deposition caused by random deviations. Otherwise, each weighing skin after weight change must be recorded in order to resolve the accumulated mass.
In the framework of standard quality was suspended 1t ~ 2t cover its operating range hopper scales can be corrected. Another possible but time consuming
The method is called a certain quality material at the same time recording plus 1t ~ 2t standard quality or without results.
The precision can also be estimated by measuring the increase in the minimum value on the weighing hopper 5 to 10 times the mass. Recorded with or without the test substance
Gross amount of measurement results, and the variance is calculated according to the individual weighing process 6 to 12 data points. After the unloading process that can be repeated
Check to determine whether the types of precision is a function of the load. Precision The coefficient of variation represented by the gross weight is generally from 0.1% to 0.25%.
Although the quality of the contribution of suspended hopper scales under load net wet weight of the largest variance, under no-load conditions sufficient to increase each weighing over
The net weight of the wet process variance.
Hook scales measuring 4.5
Bulk wet weight can be used Hook scales for weighing. The metering device after each discharge should be manually or automatically zero. Grab Lane
Ww usually sprung mass and its support structure are of the same order of magnitude, so the net wet weight tare and gross variance will affect each measurement.
Hook scales maintained in an appropriate correction state only need to load a standard quality thereof. Hook scales precision can to grab
Increasing the minimum measured at 5 to 10 times the estimated mass. Records with and without measuring the quality of the measurement results of gross and according 6 to 12
Single data points to calculate the variance of the weighing process. Incompletely filled grab can be estimated precision. Nevertheless, only the most loaded
You will encounter some cases the underlying goods loaded, so do not care and precision linear scales hanging hook partially loaded.
Representative Hook scales gross precision coefficient of variation of 0.15% ~ 0.4%. Grab a cargo net wet weight variance equal to the gross weight and tare
The sum of the weight variance.
4.6 Measurement Scales
Concentrate wet weight can package or other forms of container on the scale weighing in Taiwan, or in the mines, before and after delivery to the weighing scales handling quality.
Scales commonly used to weigh precious ore, so good calibration status is extremely important.
Sprung mass and the support structure of the scale beam is only a small part of the gross weight, the tare variance is significantly lower than the gross weight of the variance. container
Net wet weight variance equal to the gross weight and tare high variance and low variance, the variance of wet weight description of the goods depends on the gross weight of the container. unless
Gross weight scales and calibration standards required for a large gap between the quality, or the need to consider such a linear measuring device.
The precision can be estimated by measuring the mass on increasing the minimum scales 5 to 10 times ...
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