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GB/T 27921-2023 English PDF

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GB/T 27921-2023: Risk management - Risk assessment techniques
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GB/T 27921: Evolution and historical versions

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GB/T 27921-2023English1824 Add to Cart 9 days [Need to translate] Risk management - Risk assessment techniques Valid GB/T 27921-2023
GB/T 27921-2011EnglishRFQ ASK 10 days [Need to translate] Risk management -- Risk assessment techniques Obsolete GB/T 27921-2011

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Basic data

Standard ID GB/T 27921-2023 (GB/T27921-2023)
Description (Translated English) Risk management - Risk assessment techniques
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard A02
Classification of International Standard 03.100.01
Word Count Estimation 106,150
Date of Issue 2023-08-06
Date of Implementation 2023-08-06
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB/T 27921-2011
Issuing agency(ies) State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration

GB/T 27921-2023: Risk management - Risk assessment techniques

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ICS 03.100.01 CCSA02 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 27921-2011 Risk management risk assessment techniques (IEC 31010.2019,IDT) Published on 2023-08-06 2023-08-06 Implementation State Administration for Market Regulation Released by the National Standardization Administration Committee

Table of contents

Preface V Introduction VI 1 Scope 1 2 Normative reference documents 1 3 Terms and Definitions 1 4 Core Concepts 2 4.1 Uncertainty 2 4.2 Risk 2 5 Use of risk assessment techniques3 6 Implementation of risk assessment4 6.1 Develop a risk assessment plan 4 6.1.1 Determine the purpose and scope of risk assessment4 6.1.2 Understanding the background 4 6.1.3 Stakeholder participation4 6.1.4 Determine goals 4 6.1.5 Consider people, organizational and social factors4 6.1.6 Check Decision Criteria 5 6.2 Information management and model development6 6.2.1 Overview 6 6.2.2 Collecting information 6 6.2.3 Analyzing data 7 6.2.4 Developing and applying models 7 6.3 Application of risk assessment techniques 8 6.3.1 Overview 8 6.3.2 Identify risks 9 6.3.3 Identify sources, causes and drivers of risk9 6.3.4 Investigate the effectiveness of existing controls9 6.3.5 Understand consequences and possibilities10 6.3.6 Analyze interdependencies and dependencies 11 6.3.7 Understanding risk metrics 11 6.4 Check analysis results 13 6.4.1 Verification and validation of analytical results13 6.4.2 Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis 13 6.4.3 Supervision and inspection14 6.5 Use assessment results to support decision-making14 6.5.1 Overview 14 6.5.2 Decisions on risk significance14 6.5.3 Choice of options decisions15 6.6 Record and report the risk assessment process and results15 7 Choosing risk assessment techniques15 7.1 Overview 15 7.2 Select technology 16 Appendix A (Informative) Technical Classification 17 A.1 Introduction to technical classification 17 A.2 Application of technical classification 17 A.3 Use of technology in the ISO 31000 process 22 Appendix B (Informative) Technical Note 26 B.1 Techniques for soliciting input from stakeholders and experts26 B.1.1 Overview 26 B.1.2 Brainstorming 26 B.1.3 Delphi Technique 28 B.1.4 Nominal Group Technique 29 B.1.5 Structured or semi-structured interviews 29 B.1.6 Investigation method30 B.2 Risk identification techniques31 B.2.1 Overview 31 B.2.2 Checklist, hierarchical classification 32 B.2.3 Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) 33 B.2.4 Hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis35 B.2.5 Scenario analysis 36 B.2.6 Structured What-If Analysis Technique (SWIFT) 38 B.3 Techniques for identifying risk sources, causes and drivers39 B.3.1 Overview 39 B.3.2 Cindynic method 39 B.3.3 Ishikawa analysis (fish bone) method 41 B.4 Control analysis technology 43 B.4.1 Overview 43 B.4.2 Butterfly diagram analysis 43 B.4.3 Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) 45 B.4.4 Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) 47 B.5 Techniques for understanding consequences and possibilities 48 B.5.1 Overview 48 B.5.2 Bayesian analysis 48 B.5.3 Bayesian Networks and Influence Graphs 50 B.5.4 Business Impact Analysis (BIA) 52 B.5.5 Causal Analysis (CCA) 53 B.5.6 Event Tree Analysis (ETA) 55 B.5.7 Fault tree analysis (FTA) 56 B.5.8 Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) 58 B.5.9 Markov Analysis 59 B.5.10 Monte Carlo simulation analysis 61 B.5.11 Privacy Impact Analysis (PIA)/Data Protection Impact Analysis (DPIA) 63 B.6 Techniques for analyzing dependencies and interactions 64 B.6.1 Causal mapping 64 B.6.2 Cross-impact analysis 66 B.7 Techniques for providing risk measurement 67 B.7.1 Toxicological risk assessment 67 B.7.2 Value at Risk (VaR) 69 B.7.3 Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) or Expected Loss (ES) 71 B.8 Techniques for Evaluating Risk Significance 72 B.8.1 General 72 B.8.2 As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) and as far as reasonably practicable (SFAIRP) 72 B.8.3 Frequency-number (FN) diagram 74 B.8.4 Pareto Chart 76 B.8.5 Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) 77 B.8.6 Risk Index 80 B.9 Techniques for choosing between options 81 B.9.1 Overview 81 B.9.2 Cost/Benefit Analysis (CBA) 81 B.9.3 Decision tree analysis 83 B.9.4 Game Theory 84 B.9.5 Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) 86 B.10 Recording and reporting techniques 87 B.10.1 Overview 87 B.10.2 Risk Register87 B.10.3 Consequence/possibility matrix (risk matrix or heat map) 89 B.10.4 S-curve 91 Reference 94

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents" Drafting. This document replaces GB/T 27921-2011 "Risk Management Risk Assessment Technology". Compared with GB/T 27921-2011, except for the structure In addition to adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows. a) The chapter "Risk Assessment Concept" has been deleted (see Chapter 4 of the.2011 edition); b) Added a chapter on "Core Concepts" (see Chapter 4); c) Added contents such as “formulation of risk assessment plan” and “information management and model development” (see 6.1, 6.2), and revised the “risk assessment technology” Application" is explained in more detail (see 6.3, Appendix B); d) “Comparison of risk assessment techniques” was deleted (see Appendix A of the.2011 version); e) Added the classification and application of risk assessment techniques (see Appendix A). This document is equivalent to IEC 31010.2019 "Risk Management Risk Assessment Technology". Please note that some content in this document may be subject to patents. The publisher of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents. This document is proposed and coordinated by the National Risk Management Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC310). This document was drafted by. Guangdong Jianmei Aluminum Profile Factory (Group) Co., Ltd., China Institute of Standardization, First Huida (Beijing) Data Technology Technology Co., Ltd., Anhui Huapu Testing Technology Co., Ltd., China Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Jicheng Weaving Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Nuclear Power Electric Power Co., Ltd., the Fifth Research Institute of Electronics of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National School of Administration), Peking University, Daxin Review (Beijing) Risk Management Consulting Co., Ltd., National Science and Technology Risk Development Center, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), China Jiliang University. The main drafters of this document. Lu Xiaowei, Gao Xiaohong, Liu Jian, Xu Han, Zhang Peng, Hua Chunxiang, Sun Youwen, Shi Ying, Lu Duojia, Cui Yanwu, You Zhibin, Liu Xinli, Wang Lei, Wang Lan, Zhang Jiejun, Zhou Yuhuan, Xu Longhui, Bin Jianwei, Liu Yihong, Yu Min, Ji Chunyang, Zhang Yueyi, Tao Yinghai, Xie Xueping. The previous versions of the documents replaced by this document are as follows. ---First published as GB/T 27921-2011 in.2011; ---This is the first revision.

Introduction

This document provides guidance on the selection and application of various risk assessment techniques that can be used to help improve the way uncertainty is considered. formula, and help understand risks. Risk assessment techniques can be used in the following scenarios. a) Need to further understand what risks exist or the sources of specific risks; b) When comparing or optimizing risky options in decision-making; c) When measures need to be taken to address risks. In the risk assessment steps of identifying, analyzing and evaluating risks as described in ISO 31000, and in the need to understand uncertainty and its impact These risk assessment techniques are often used when dealing with risks. The risk assessment techniques described in this document can be used in a wide range of scenarios, but most techniques originated in the technical field. some skills The technical concepts are similar, but the names and methods are different, reflecting their development history in different fields. Technology evolves over time As time goes by, many technologies can be used in a wide range of situations beyond their initial application areas. Technology can be adapted, combined and applied in new ways Use, or expand, to meet current and future needs. This paper presents selected risk assessment techniques and compares their possible applications, advantages and limitations. It also provides more detailed sources of information as a reference. Potential users of this document are. a) Anyone involved in assessing or managing risk; b) those involved in the development of guidance setting out how risks should be assessed in specific circumstances; c) People who need to make decisions in the presence of uncertainty, including. ---Persons who commission or evaluate risk assessments; ---People who need to know the evaluation results; ---and those who must choose an evaluation technology to meet specific needs. Organizations that need to conduct risk assessments for compliance or consistency purposes will benefit from the use of appropriately formal and standardized risk assessments technology. Risk management risk assessment techniques

1 Scope

This document provides guidance on the selection and application of risk assessment techniques in a variety of situations. These technologies are used to support uncertainty scenarios decision-making, providing information about specific risks and as part of the risk management process. This document provides an overview of a range of technologies summary, and references are made to other documents that describe these techniques in more detail.

2 Normative reference documents

The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document through normative references in the text. Among them, the dated quotations For undated referenced documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated referenced documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 23694-2013 Risk Management Terminology (ISO Guide73.2009,IDT) GB/T 24353-2022 Risk Management Guide (ISO 31000.2018, IDT)

3 Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 24353-2022, GB/T 23694-2013 and the following apply to this document. 3.1 likelihoodlikelihood The probability of something happening. Note 1.In risk management terminology, whether defined, measured or determined in an objective or subjective, qualitative or quantitative manner, or using general vocabulary or numbers Described in scientific terms (such as probability, or frequency within a certain period of time), "possibility" is used to express the probability of something happening. Note 2.The English word "likelihood" does not have a direct corresponding word in some languages, so "probability" is often used. This word replaces. However, in English, "probability" is often understood in a narrow sense as a mathematical word. Therefore, in risk management terminology, "may "Probability" has the same meaning as the word "probability" used in many languages, and is not limited to the meaning of the word "probability" in English. [Source. GB/T 24353-2022,3.7] 3.2 opportunityopportunity Anticipate situations that are conducive to goal achievement. Note 1.An opportunity is a positive situation in which it is possible to obtain benefits and to have a considerable degree of control over them. Note 2.An opportunity for one party may pose a threat to the other. Note 3.Seizing or not seizing opportunities are sources of risk. 3.3 probabilityprobability A measure of the probability of an event occurring, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.0 means it is impossible to happen, 1 means it will definitely happen. Note. See Note 2 of Definition 3.1. 3.4 risk driver riskdriver; driverofrisk Factors that have a significant impact on risk.

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