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GB/T 24239-2009: Direct reduced iron and hot briquetted iron -- Sampling and sample preparation
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Direct reduced iron and hot briquetted iron -- Sampling and sample preparation
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GB/T 24239-2009
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 24239-2009 (GB/T24239-2009) | | Description (Translated English) | Direct reduced iron and hot briquetted iron -- Sampling and sample preparation | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | D31 | | Classification of International Standard | 73.060.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 43,466 | | Date of Issue | 2009-07-15 | | Date of Implementation | 2010-04-01 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 10835-2007, IDT | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Approval Announcement 2009 No.9 (Total No.149) | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard specifies the mechanical sampling during transport, manual sampling and sample preparation methods, include: a) the basic principles, b) sampling and sample preparation of basic principles, design c) sampling systems, basic requirements for installation and operation. This standard specifies the method of sampling for mechanical or safety stop with a sampling of ore conveyor transport equipment and other direct reduced iron (DRI) and hot briquette iron (HBI) loading and unloading of consignment sampled. This standard, DRI, including reduction pellets and lump ore reduction. | GB/T 24239-2009: Direct reduced iron and hot briquetted iron -- Sampling and sample preparation---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Direct reduced iron and hot briquetted iron. Sampling and sample preparation
ICS 73.060.10
D31
National Standards of People's Republic of China
GB/T 24239-2009/ISO 10835..2007
Direct reduced iron and hot-pressed iron nuggets
Sampling and preparation methods
(ISO 10835..2007, IDT)
Released.2009-07-15
2010-04-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Published by China National Standardization Administration
Contents
Foreword I
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 1
4 General conditions for sampling and preparation
5 Basic principles of sampling and sample preparation 4
6 Sampling method 9
7 Sampling from a moving stream 11
8 Sampling in a fixed location 21
9 Stop sampling method for reference samples 21
10 Preparation 22
11 Packaging and identification of samples 30
Appendix A (Informative) Inspection of Mechanical Sampling System 32
Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Calculation formula for the number of samples 36
Appendix C (Normative Appendix) Divider 38
GB/T 24239-2009/ISO 10835..2007
Foreword
This standard is equivalent to the international standard ISO 10835..2007 "Sampling and sample preparation methods for direct reduced iron and hot-pressed iron blocks" (English version).
For ease of use, the following editorial and non-technical changes have been made to this standard.
--- "This International Standard" was changed to "this Standard";
--- Replace the comma "," with a decimal point "." As a decimal point;
--- Delete the foreword of international standards;
--- The reference file is modified to the corresponding national standard.
Appendix A of this standard is an informative appendix, and Appendix B and Appendix C are normative appendixes.
This standard is proposed by China Iron and Steel Industry Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Iron Ore and DRI Standardization Technical Committee.
This standard is drafted by. Baoshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.
This standard participated in the drafting unit. Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Institute.
The main drafters of this standard. Ji Huadong, Jin Guoning, Chen Xiaoqi, Sun Liang, Li Fengyun, Zhou Xing, Wang Yan, Shi Hongyan.
GB/T 24239-2009/ISO 10835..2007
Direct reduced iron and hot-pressed iron nuggets
Sampling and preparation methods
Warning --- The personnel using this standard should have practical experience in regular laboratory work. This standard does not address all possible security issues.
question. It is the responsibility of the user to take appropriate safety and health measures and to ensure compliance with the conditions set by the relevant national regulations.
1 Scope
In order to determine the chemical composition, moisture content and physical characteristics of the delivery batch, this standard specifies mechanical sampling and manual sampling during the transfer process.
And preparation methods, including.
a) basic principles;
b) the basic principles of sampling and preparation;
c) Basic requirements for the design, installation and operation of the sampling system.
The method specified in this standard is applicable to the alignment of mechanical samplers or belt conveyors and other ore transportation equipment for safety stop sampling.
Load and unload samples from delivery batches of reduced iron (DRI) and hot-pressed iron (HBI). In this standard, DRI includes reducing pellets and reducing
Lump ore.
Warning. This standard may involve the safe operation of hazardous substances and equipment, but the standard does not explain the relevant safety issues in use.
It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety procedures and to determine their scope of application before use. DRI and low density or high chalking
HBI can react with water and air to generate hydrogen and thermal energy. The heat generated can cause combustion. It should comply with relevant rules or regulations.
To ensure the safety of the operator.
2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents are quoted as the clauses of this standard after being referenced. For dated references,
Some amendments (excluding the content of errata) or revised versions are not applicable to this standard, however, all parties that have reached an agreement in accordance with this standard are encouraged to research
Investigate whether the latest version of these files is available. For undated references, the latest version applies to this standard.
GB/T 6005 Basic dimensions of sieve openings for test sieve wire mesh, perforated sheet and electroformed sheet (GB/T 600-
2008, ISO 565..1990, MOD)
GB/T 103222.2 Experimental method for evaluating quality fluctuations of iron ore (GB/T 10222.2-2000, idt ISO 3084..1998)
GB/T 103222.4 Experimental method for checking sampling deviation of iron ore (GB/T 10222.4-2000, idt ISO 3086..1998)
GB/T 103222.5 Determination of moisture content in iron ore delivery lots (GB/T 10322.2.5-2000, idt ISO 3087..1998)
GB/T 103222.7 Screening determination of particle size distribution of iron ore
GB/T 20565 Terminology of iron ore and direct reduced iron (GB/T 20655-2006, ISO 11323..2002, IDT)
ISO 3534-1..2006 Statistical vocabulary and symbols. Part 1. Probability and basic statistical terms.
ISO 3085..2002 Test methods for sampling, sample preparation and measurement precision of iron ore check
3 Terms and definitions
This standard refers to the following definitions in GB/T 20565.
3.1
A discontinuous amount of iron ore or direct reduced iron formed to evaluate quality characteristics.
GB/T 24239-2009/ISO 10835..2007
3.2
A device for sampling or sample reduction specifically operates the amount of iron ore collected or the amount of direct reduced iron at a time.
3.3
A representative relatively small amount of iron ore or direct reduced iron is taken from a batch to be evaluated for quality characteristics.
3.4
A sample consisting of fewer than the total number of copies required for one large sample.
3.5
Consists of all samples, which fully represent a batch of samples with all quality characteristics.
3.6
A sample prepared to meet all specified conditions of a test.
3.7
Virtually all of the samples used for a specific test.
3.8
For a batch of ore, a sampling method is adopted to collect samples from a specified part of the layer and in an appropriate proportion.
Note. Examples of layers are divided by time, mass or space, including sampling time interval (for example 5 min), mass interval (for example 1000t),
Cargo holds, train vehicles or containers.
3.9
Sampling method for collecting samples from a batch of ore at regular intervals.
3.10
A sampling method that takes samples at equal quality intervals and makes them as consistent as possible.
3.11
Samples collected at free time in the free fall material stream or in the conveyor, the amount of each sample is proportional to the material flow rate when the sample is taken
Proportional sampling method.
3.12
A method for reducing the size of a sample or a portion of a sample that has a fixed proportion to the weight of the sample after each division.
3.13
Regardless of the change in the quality of the reduced sample or portion, the sample or portion reduction method with almost the same quality after the division is retained.
Note. This method requires quantitative sampling, which basically means that the coefficient of mass variation is less than 20%.
3.14
A sample is divided into several parts as samples to measure the quality characteristics.
GB/T 24239-2009/ISO 10835..2007
3.15
After one sample is used to determine one quality characteristic, then all of the same sample is used to determine one or several other quality characteristics.
3.16
This particle size uses the minimum sieve size of DRI remaining on the square-hole test sieve conforming to the R20 series in GB/T 6005 of not more than 5%.
To represent.
3.17
This particle size is based on the minimum sieve hole size of HBI remaining on the square hole test sieve conforming to the R20 series in GB/T 6005, which is not more than 5%
To represent.
4 General conditions for sampling and preparation
4.1 Basic requirements
The basic requirement for a correct sampling plan is that all DRI or HBI parts in the delivery lot have equal opportunities to be taken and become
Partial or large sample. Any deviation from this basic requirement will affect accuracy and precision. An incorrect sampling plan
Representative test samples cannot be reliably provided.
To meet the above requirements, the best sampling location is the transfer point between belt conveyors. Here you can easily set up a fixed room
Take the full section of the DRI or HBI at intervals to ensure a representative test sample. Similarly, if it is possible from the conveyor belt (see Chapter 9)
The full length of the full cross-section of the DRI and HBI is taken, and the sample can also be sampled from a stationary conveyor.
Sampling is not allowed on cargo ships, stockpiles, trucks, containers and silos, as it is not possible to reach the bottom of the sampling equipment to take out the full section
A column of material that creates an unequal chance that all parts of the delivery lot will be sampled. The only effective way is when DRI or HBI is delivered
Take samples from belt conveyors when transporting ships, stacks, containers or silos, or when exporting from these locations.
If there are no deviations caused by periodic fluctuations in quality and quantity, they should be quantitative (see 6.1 or 6.3.2) or timed (see 6.2
Or 6.3.3) systematic sampling or stratified random sampling. Otherwise, stratified random sampling should be performed at quantitative or timed intervals (see 6.3.2
Or 6.3.3).
The method used for sampling and preparation depends on the final sampling plan selected and the steps required to minimize deviations and obtain a satisfactory overall precision.
Suddenly.
Moisture samples should be processed as soon as possible and weighed immediately, otherwise the samples should be stored in smaller closed containers to minimize changes in moisture content.
Samples should be prepared as soon as possible.
4.2 Develop sampling procedures
The sampling plan is as follows.
a) determine the delivery lot to be sampled and the quality characteristics to be tested;
b) determine the nominal maximum granularity;
c) Determine the quality of the sample according to the nominal maximum particle size, the DRI or HBI conveying equipment and the sample collection equipment;
d) the required precision;
e) Determine the quality fluctuation (σW) of the delivery lot according to GB/T 10222.2. Otherwise, take the quality fluctuation as "large" according to the provisions of 5.3
f) determine the minimum number of samples at one time when sampling from the delivery batch by systematic sampling or stratified random sampling, status 1;
g) determine the sampling interval, for quantitative sampling, the unit is t, for timing sampling, the unit is min;
h) determine the location of the sampling and the method of taking the sample;
i) Quantitative sampling, the quality of the samples taken is basically the same, and regular sampling, the quality of the samples taken is directly proportional to the material flow during sampling,
Take samples at intervals determined in (g) throughout the delivery batch.
GB/T 24239-2009/ISO 10835..2007
ii) determine whether the sample is reused or reused;
k) determine the method by which the samples are made up of large or secondary samples;
l) determine the sample preparation process, including shrinking, crushing, mixing and drying;
m) dry samples if necessary, except for moisture samples;
n) crush samples if necessary, except for particle size samples and some physical test samples;
o) Reduce the sample according to the minimum mass of the sample with the given nominal maximum particle size. Use quantitative or fixed ratio for quantitative sampling.
Timing sampling with fixed ratio reduction;
p) Preparation of samples.
DRI and broken HBI samples should be stored in closed containers at all stages, and should not be exposed to the atmosphere.
Store and transport under better protection.
4.3 System check
The out-of-band sampling method is a comparison method for sampling. The mechanical and manual sampling methods are compared with it and confirmed by the method specified in GB/T 103222.4.
Determine if they have significant deviations. However, before performing any deviation test, first check the sampling and sample preparation system to confirm that it complies with this specification.
Principles of correct design as specified in the standard. The inspection should also include any loading, unloading, or recovery procedures that would result in
Periodic quality fluctuation test. If such periodic fluctuations occur, the source of the fluctuations should be investigated to determine the possibility of eliminating them.
If this is not possible, stratified random sampling should be performed (see 6.3).
Appendix A provides an example of a checklist. This list will quickly show any serious defects in the sampling or sample preparation system.
Avoid unnecessary expensive deviation tests. Therefore, the sampling system should be designed and constructed in accordance with the correct operation method for regular verification.
The quality fluctuations and precision should also be regularly checked in accordance with GB/T 10222.2 and ISO 3085 to check the changes in quality fluctuations.
And check the precision of sampling, sample preparation and analysis. This is especially important for new sampling systems, new breeds, or major changes to existing systems
Yes. Therefore, the sampling system should be designed to have the ability to take duplicate samples for quality fluctuation testing and precision inspection.
5 Basic principles of sampling and preparation
5.1 Minimization of deviation
5.1.1 Overview
It is important to minimize sampling and preparation bias. Precision can be improved by taking more samples or repeating the measurement without bias
Can be reduced by repeated measurements. Therefore, minimizing or eliminating possible deviations should be considered more important than improving precision. Somewhat biased
The poor source can be completely eliminated by properly designing the sampling and sample preparation system, including test sample overflow, mixed test samples, and incorrectly taken samples.
Some sources of deviation can be minimized but not completely eliminated, including changes in moisture content, dust loss and particle breakage (for particle size determination).
The specimen should be as dry as possible before breaking.
5.1.2 Minimal particle damage
Minimal particle breakage used as a particle size measurement sample is extremely important to reduce particle size measurement bias. Freedom from particle breakage
The drop is minimal.
5.1.3 Taking samples
Take a sample from the delivery lot, regardless of the size, quality or density of the individual particles, so that all parts of the DRI or HBI are equal
Opportunities are taken and become part of the final analysis test sample. If this requirement is not observed, deviations are liable to occur. This can be summarized as follows
Design requirements for a series of sampling and sample preparation systems.
a) When sampling from a moving stream (see 7.5) or a stop zone (see Chapter 9), the full section of the DRI or HBI shall be taken;
b) The opening of the cutting sampler should be at least three times the nominal maximum particle size of DRI or HBI. For a sample, it is not small.
At 30mm. Sampling after a sampling period shall not be less than 10mm. Both should be selected for their large openings (see
7.5.4);
c) The speed of the sampling machine should not be greater than 0.6 m/s, unless the opening of the interception opening is increased accordingly (see 7.5.5);
d) The sampler should pass through the stream at a constant speed (see 7.5.3), and the two groove edges of the interceptor should completely pass the cross section of the stream;
GB/T 24239-2009/ISO 10835..2007
e) The edge of the sampling port of the sampler shall be parallel to the straight sampler and radial to the rotary sampler (see 7.5.3).
The pieces should be kept until the interception mouth is damaged;
f) Changes in moisture content, dust loss and contamination of test samples shall be avoided;
g) The free fall of materials should be kept to a minimum to reduce the granularity damage of DRI or HBI and minimize the deviation of particle size distribution;
h) The primary sampling machine should be installed as close to the loading or unloading point as possible to minimize the impact of particle size damage.
The sampling system should be designed to meet the requirements of nominal maximum granularity and flow rate of DRI or HBI. Detailed design of the sampling and sample preparation system
Requests are made in Chapters 7, 8, 9, and 10.
5.1.4 Sample quality
5.1.4.1 Overview
For representative sampling positions, to obtain the required sample quality for unbiased test samples, it can be calculated and obtained. (See 5.1.4.2
And 5.1.4.3). Comparing the calculated quality with the actual sample quality is useful for checking the design and operation of the sampling system. If the difference is significant
Therefore, the cause should be identified and corrective actions taken.
5.1.4.2 The quality of the sample taken from the falling stream
Is kg, and it is calculated using equation (1).
3.6 犞 c
(1)
In the formula.
狇 --- the flow rate of DRI or HBI on the belt conveyor, the unit is ton per hour (t/h);
犞 c --- The interception speed of a sampler in meters per second (m/s).
Determine the minimum mass of the sample that can be taken in accordance with the minimum opening of the cutting opening specified in 7.5.4 and the maximum cutting speed specified in 7.5.5
Deviations can still be avoided.
5.1.4.3 The quality of the sample taken from the stop sampling
Quantity, its calculation formula (2) is.
3.6 犞 B
(2)
In the formula.
狇 --- the flow rate of DRI or HBI on the belt conveyor, the unit is ton per hour (t/h);
犞 B --- The speed of the belt conveyor, in meters per second (m/s).
Intercept the minimum length of the DRI or HBI stream on the conveyor belt, that is, 3d. The minimum sample weight obtained from the material can still avoid deviations.
Here d is the nominal maximum particle size (m). For DRI and crushed HBI, the minimum is 0.01m. HBI is usually taken from the conveyor belt.
1m long.
5.2 Total precision
Table 1 shows the chemical characteristics (full iron, metallic iron, carbon, silicon dioxide, trioxide, etc.) of the delivery lot specified in this standard at a probability of 95%
Total aluminum, phosphorus, sulfur, moisture content) and physical properties (grain percentage, apparent density, bulk density, drum index, abrasion index)
The total precision of a delivery lot with a density (βSPM) between the mass ranges shown in Table 1 can be obtained by linear interpolation, and if required, can be used
Higher precision, the precision should be measured according to ISO 3085.
Total precision (βSPM) is a measure of the overall precision of sampling, sample preparation and determination, and is the standard deviation of sampling, sample preparation and determination (σSPM)
Twice, expressed as an absolute percentage, calculated according to equations (3), (4), and (5).
σSPM = σ2S + σ2P + σ2 槡 M (3)
GB/T 24239-2009/ISO 10835..2007
βSPM = 2σSPM = 2 σ
S + σ2P ＋ σ2QM (4)
σS = σW
State 1
(5)
In the formula.
σS --- sampling standard deviation;
σP --- standard deviation of sample preparation;
σM --- determination standard deviation;
σW --- Quality fluctuation of DRI or HBI;
State 1 --- the number of samples at a time.
Relationships (3), (4), and (5) are based on the stratified sampling theory (see Appendix B for details). The number of samples to be taken at a time depends on the delivery batch.
Depending on the required sampling precision and the quality of the DRI or HBI to be sampled. Therefore, before determining the number of samples to be taken at one time, you should determine.
a) the sampling precision βS achieved;
b) Quality fluctuation σW of the DRI or HBI to be sampled.
Note. When performing on-line sample preparation in a sampling device remote from the preparation laboratory, the boundary between sampling and sample preparation is difficult to distinguish.
Within the precision of the sampling, or within the precision of the preparation. The choice depends on how easy it is to distinguish between two and three sampling precisions from one sampling precision
It depends. In any case, sample preparation is also a process of composition sampling, because a representative part of the test sample is selected for subsequent processing.
Table 1 Total precision (βSPM) (absolute percentage value)
Quality characteristics
Approximate total precision (βSPM)
Quality of delivery batch (t)
45,000 to 7,000 15,000 to 45,000 0 to 15,000
Total iron content 0.3 0.4 0.5
Metal iron content 1.0 1.2 1.5
Carbon content 0.10 0.12 0.115
Silica content 0.10 0.12 0.115
Aluminium trioxide content 0.10 0.12 0.115
Phosphorus content 0.00020 0.00024 0.0030
Sulfur content 0.00200 0.0024 0.0030
Moisture content 0.10 0.12 15.15
Particle size (6.3mm ～
31.5mm, DRI block)
-6.3mm grain size
Average 10%
2.0 2.2 2.5
Particle size (DRI pellet)
-6.3mm grain size
Average 5%
0.8 0.9 1.0
Particle size (-100mmHBI)
6.3mm ～ 25mm
Grain size average 10%
0.3 0.4 0.5
-6.3mm grain size
Average 10%
0.3 0.4 0.5
Apparent density (for HBI only) 0.10 0.12 0.115
Bulk density 0.10 0.12 0.115
Drum index 0.5 0.6 0.7
Wear resistance index 0.5 0.6 0.7
Note. The value of βSPM is obtained through international tests.
GB/T 24239-2009/ISO 10835..2007
Therefore, the most accurate method is to divide the sampling standard deviation into components for each sampling stage. In this case, equation (3) becomes.
σSPM = σ2S1 + σ2S2 + σ2S3 + σ2P + σ2QM
In the formula.
σS1 --- standard deviation of one sampling;
σS2 --- standard deviation of secondary sampling;
σS3 --- standard deviation of three samplings.
With this method, the precision of each sampling stage can be determined and optimized separately, so that the sampling and sample preparation methods are fully optimized.
5.3 Quality fluctuations
Quality fluctuation (σW) is a measure of the non-uniformity of the delivery lot, and it is the standard deviation of the quality characteristics of the inner layer test samples sampled by the quantitative system
Poor, items selected for the determination of quality fluctuation characteristics include all physical and chemical characteristics of the DRI or HBI taken.
The value of σW shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 10222.2.
Under test test. Then according to the magnitude of the quality fluctuation of DRI or HBI, it is divided into 3 categories according to the regulations in Table 2. In the case of timing sampling,
If the flow rate of DRI or HBI on the conveyor belt is uniform, regular sampling and quantitative sampling can be used.
For DRI or HBI with unknown quality fluctuations, quality fluctuations are considered as "large". In this case, GB/T 103222.2 should be pressed as soon as possible.
Measurements were performed to determine quality fluctuations.
If samples are taken separately to determine chemical composition and physical characteristics, the quality fluctuations of each characteristic should be taken. If the sample is used for determination
For multiple quality characteristics, the largest quality fluctuation category of these characteristics shall be used.
Table 2 Classification of quality fluctuations (absolute percentage values)
Quality characteristics
Classification of quality fluctuations (σW)
Big middle small
Total iron content σW≥1.5 1.5 ＞ σW≥1.0 σW < 1.0
Metal iron content σW≥4.0 4.0> σW≥3.0 σW < 3.0
Carbon content σW≥0.5 0.5 ＞ σW≥0.3 σW < 0.3
Silica content σW≥0.5 0.5 ＞ σW≥0.3 σW < 0.3
Aluminium trioxide content σW≥0.5 0.5 ＞ σW≥0.3 σW < 0.3
Phosphorus content σW≥0.011 0.011> σW≥0.007 σW < 0.007
Sulfur content σW≥0.011 0.011> σW≥0.007 σW < 0.007
Moisture content σW≥0.5 0.5 ＞ σW≥0.3 σW < 0.3
Particle size (6.3mm ～
31.5mm DRI block)
-6.3mm grain size
Average 10%
σW≥5 5 ＞ σW≥3.75 σW < 3.75
Particle size (DRI pellet)
-6.3mm grain size
Average 5%
σW≥3 3 ＞ σW≥2.25 σW ＜ 2.25
Particle size (-100mmHBI)
6.3mm ～ 25mm
Grain size average 10%
σW≥1.5 1.5 ＞ σW≥1.0 σW < 1.0
-6.3mm grain size
Average 10%...
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