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GB/T 21638-2025: Microbeam analysis - Guidelines for electron beam microanalysis of defects in steel materials
Status: Valid GB/T 21638: Evolution and historical versions
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Standard Title (Description) | Status | PDF |
| GB/T 21638-2025 | English | 199 |
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Microbeam analysis - Guidelines for electron beam microanalysis of defects in steel materials
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GB/T 21638-2025
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| GB/T 21638-2008 | English | 209 |
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Guide for electron beam microanalysis of defect in steel materials
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GB/T 21638-2008
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PDF similar to GB/T 21638-2025
Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 21638-2025 (GB/T21638-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Microbeam analysis - Guidelines for electron beam microanalysis of defects in steel materials | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | N53 | | Classification of International Standard | 71.040.99 | | Word Count Estimation | 10,153 | | Date of Issue | 2025-03-28 | | Date of Implementation | 10/1/2025 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 21638-2008 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 21638-2025: Microbeam analysis - Guidelines for electron beam microanalysis of defects in steel materials
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 71.040.99
CCSN53
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 21638-2008
Microbeam analysis of steel material defects Electron beam microscopy
General principles of analytical methods
Released on 2025-03-28
2025-10-01 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of contents
Preface III
Introduction IV
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Instruments and Equipment 2
4.1 Main instruments 2
4.2 Auxiliary equipment 2
5 Analytical methods and procedures 2
5.1 Plan formulation 2
5.2 Sample preparation 2
5.3 Macroscopic and metallographic observation 2
5.4 Electron beam microscopy 3
5.5 Comprehensive Analysis 3
5.6 Simulation test 4
6 Analysis Report 4
References 5
Foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting is required.
This document replaces GB/T 21638-2008 "General rules for electron beam microscopic analysis of defects in steel materials" and is consistent with GB/T 21638-2008
Compared with the previous version, in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
a) The definition of macro analysis has been changed (see 3.2, 3.2 of the.2008 edition);
b) Deleted 3.3 Microscopic analysis in the terminology (see 3.3 of the.2008 edition);
c) The definition of electron beam microanalysis has been changed (see 3.3, 3.4 of the.2008 edition);
d) 5.2 Preparation before testing was deleted (see 5.2 of the.2008 edition);
e) Added sample preparation (see 5.2);
f) 5.5 Material quality inspection has been deleted (see 5.5 of the.2008 edition);
g) Appendix A has been deleted (see Appendix A of the.2008 edition).
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed and coordinated by the National Microbeam Analysis Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC38).
This document was drafted by. Shanghai Power Equipment Complete Design Institute Co., Ltd., Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., China Science
Institute of Chemistry, Shanghai University, and National Standard (Beijing) Inspection and Certification Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document. Zhang Zuogui, Ji Sikai, Wang Yanhua, Tian Qingchao and Ma Tongda.
This document was first published in.2008 and this is the first revision.
Introduction
The defects of steel materials mainly include surface defects and internal defects. Surface defects such as scarring and peeling may affect the material.
Internal defects such as cracks, center porosity, shrinkage, excessive inclusions, etc., these defects may seriously affect the mechanical properties of the material
performance and durability.
The formation of defects in steel materials involves many aspects, including material selection, quality control of smelting and casting processes, and subsequent processing.
By analyzing the causes of defects, improving production processes, optimizing material selection and use conditions, it is possible to effectively reduce or avoid
The occurrence of these defects, thereby improving the quality and performance of steel materials.
Electron beam microanalysis is an analytical technique in the field of high technology and is widely used in the field of materials.
Microanalysis method is based on electron beam microanalysis technology, which integrates microanalysis with material quality inspection, scientific research, production process and user use.
Combined with other technologies, comprehensive analysis is carried out to characterize the causes of defects in steel materials.
Microbeam analysis of steel material defects Electron beam microscopy
General principles of analytical methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the instruments and equipment, analysis methods and procedures, and analysis reports for analyzing defects in steel materials using electron beam microscopy technology.
This document applies to electron beam microscopic analysis of internal and surface defects in steel materials.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of the document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
GB/T 4340.1 Vickers hardness test for metallic materials Part 1.Test method
GB/T 10561 Determination of non-metallic inclusions in steel - Grading chart microscopic examination method
GB/T 13299 Evaluation method for free cementite, pearlite and Widmanstatten structure of steel
GB/T 15074 General rules for quantitative analysis by electron probe
GB/T 17359 Microbeam analysis of elements with atomic number not less than 11 by energy spectrometry
GB/T 19501 General rules for microbeam analysis electron backscatter diffraction analysis methods
GB/T 30703 Guidelines for orientation analysis by electron backscatter diffraction using microbeam analysis
GB/T 34172 Phase analysis of metals and alloys by electron backscatter diffraction microbeam analysis
GB/T 34474.1 Evaluation of banded structure in steel Part 1.Standard rating diagram method
GB/T 38532 Determination of average grain size by electron backscatter diffraction microbeam analysis
JY/T 0584 General rules for scanning electron microscopy analysis methods
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Defect
Abnormal parts such as discontinuity and incompleteness on the surface and/or inside of steel materials that affect the performance of the material.
Note. Usually formed during smelting, processing, storage, transportation and/or use.
3.2
Macroscopic analysis
Analysis of defects by the naked eye or through a magnifying glass.
3.3
The microscopic morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition of defects are analyzed using electron beam analysis equipment.
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