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GB/T 1958-2017 English PDF

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GB/T 1958-2017: Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Geometrical tolerance -- Verification
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GB/T 1958: Evolution and historical versions

Standard IDContents [version]USDSTEP2[PDF] delivered inStandard Title (Description)StatusPDF
GB/T 1958-2017English2119 Add to Cart 11 days [Need to translate] Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Geometrical tolerance -- Verification Valid GB/T 1958-2017
GB/T 1958-2004EnglishRFQ ASK 13 days [Need to translate] [Replaced by GB/T 1958-2017] Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Geometrical tolerance -- Verification prescription Obsolete GB/T 1958-2004
GB/T 1958-1980EnglishRFQ ASK 14 days [Need to translate] Rules for inspection of form and position tolerances Obsolete GB/T 1958-1980

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Basic data

Standard ID GB/T 1958-2017 (GB/T1958-2017)
Description (Translated English) Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Geometrical tolerance -- Verification
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard J04
Classification of International Standard 17.040.10
Word Count Estimation 106,188
Date of Issue 2017-11-01
Date of Implementation 2018-05-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB/T 1958-2004
Regulation (derived from) National Standard Announcement 2017 No. 29
Issuing agency(ies) General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China

GB/T 1958-2017: Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Geometrical tolerance -- Verification


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Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)—Geometrical tolerance—Verification ICS 17.040.10 J04 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 1958-2004 Product Geometry Specification (GPS) Geometric tolerance detection and verification Released.2017-11-01 2018-05-01 implementation General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China China National Standardization Administration issued

Content

Foreword III 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and Definitions 2 4 related symbols 3 5 General Provisions 3 6 Detection conditions 5 7 Geometric error and its assessment 5 8 Establishment and implementation of benchmarks 9 9 Measurement uncertainty 17 10 Conformity Assessment 18 11 Arbitration 18 Appendix A (informative) Related symbols and descriptions in engineering drawings and technical documents 19 Appendix B (informative) Inspection operation 21 Appendix C (informative) Detection and verification scheme 28 Appendix D (informative) Minimum Area Discrimination Method 94 Appendix E (informative) Position 100 in the GPS matrix model

Foreword

This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB/T 1958-2004 "Product Geometrical Specifications (GPS) Shape and Position Tolerance Inspection Regulations", and The main technical changes compared with GB/T 1958-2004 are as follows. ---The standard name was changed from the original "Product Geometry Technical Specification (GPS) Shape and Position Tolerance Inspection Regulations" to "Products" Geometric Specifications (GPS) Geometric Tolerance Detection and Verification; --- Increased the terms and definitions involved in geometric error detection and verification (see Chapter 3); --- Added the relevant symbols in the geometric error detection and verification technical documents (see Chapter 4 and Appendix A); --- Adjusted geometric tolerance items and symbols (see Table 1, Table 1 of the.2004 edition); --- Amend the "General Provisions" extension to "General Provisions", "Test Conditions" and "Measurement Uncertainty" (see Chapter 5, Chapter 6, Chapter 9; Chapter 3 of the.2004 edition); --- Combine "shape error and its assessment" and "position error and its assessment" into "geometric error and its assessment", and within the chapter The system has been updated and arranged (see Chapter 7; Chapters 4 and 5 of the.2004 edition); Definition and testing methods (see 7.4;.2004 edition 5.4); --- Revised the "foundation and embodiment of the benchmark", systematically updated and arranged the chapter content, and increased the use of analog benchmark elements. And the fitting (composition/export) element represents the legend of the benchmark; it is clear that the baseline objective is to establish a basis for some of the elements of the baseline feature Precisely, there are two methods of simulation. simulation and fitting (see Chapter 8, Chapter 6 of the.2004 edition); --- Change the relevant terms in the standard accordingly, such as "the extracted elements to be tested" is changed to "the extracted elements of the measured elements"; Take the derived sphere, extract the derived center, extract the export centerline, etc. and change it to "extract the derived features (ball center, center or center) Line, etc.)"; --- Increased measurement uncertainty (see Chapter 9); --- Increased conformity assessment (Chapter 10); --- Modified "Arbitration" and made necessary updates and arrangements for the chapter content (see Chapter 11, Chapter 7 of the.2004 edition); --- Increased the geometrical error test operation specification and default specification, and gave a typical geometric error test operation legend (illustration) (see attached) Record B); --- Amend the "Inspection Plan" to "Test and Verification Plan" (see Appendix C, Appendix A of the.2004 Edition), with the original Appendix A Based on the legend of the case, new examples of detection and verification have been formed through screening, updating, supplementing and adjustment. Given a new generation Examples of geometric error detection and verification methods and verification operation sets for GPS operation techniques. Table C.2~Table C.15 of Appendix C The serial number with the ** in the table indicates the newly added example, and the example with * uses the measuring device and the inspection in the original standard. Test and verification scheme, but updated legend labeling and description; the example with ** uses new measuring device and detection and verification Program; --- Modify the "minimum area and orientation minimum area discrimination method" to "minimum area discrimination method", which increases the positional positioning minimum Regional discriminant method (see Appendix D, Appendix B of the.2004 edition); --- Increased position in the GPS matrix model (see Appendix E). This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Geometrical Specifications (SAC/TC240). This standard was drafted. China Machine Productivity Promotion Center, Zhengzhou University, Beijing Institute of Metrology and Measurement Science, Shanghai University, Shenzhen City Institute of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shanghai Institute of Metrology and Measurement, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co., Ltd., Beijing Automobile Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard. Ming Cuixin, Zhang Linna, Zhao Fengxia, Wu Xun, Li Ming, Yu Yuping, Yan Chaoqing, Zheng Peng, Wang Hong, Teng Lijing, Li Haibin. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are. ---GB/T 1958-1980, GB/T 1958-2004. Product Geometry Specification (GPS) Geometric tolerance detection and verification

1 Scope

This standard specifies the shape error, direction error, position error and jitter detection conditions, detection methods, error assessment in geometric tolerances. Method, measurement uncertainty estimation method, detection and verification operation set (operation operator) formulation method and conformity assessment rule, and given geometry Error detection and verification schemes and examples. This standard applies to the detection and verification of geometric errors of workpieces.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article. Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 1182 Product Geometry Specification (GPS) Geometric Tolerance Shape, Orientation, Position, and Runout Tolerance GB/T 1184-1996 Shape and position tolerances without tolerance values GB/T 4249 Product Geometric Specifications (GPS) Tolerance Principle GB/T 4380 roundness error evaluation two-point, three-point method GB/T 16671 Product Geometric Specifications (GPS) Geometric tolerances Maximum physical requirements, minimum physical requirements and reversible requirements GB/T 17851 Product Geometric Specification (GPS) Geometric Tolerance Benchmark and Benchmark System GB/T 18779.1 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Measurements - Part 1 Judgment rule for passing or failing GB/T 18779.2 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Measurement of workpieces and measuring equipment - Part 2. Measuring equipment Guide to the assessment of uncertainty in GPS measurements in calibration and product inspection GB/T 18779.3 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Measurement and testing of workpieces and measuring equipment - Part 3 A guide to consensus on the expression of uncertainty GB/T 18780.1 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Geometric Elements Part 1. Basic Terms and Definitions GB/T 18780.2 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Geometrical Elements Part 2. Extraction Centers for Cylindrical and Conical Surfaces Extraction center plane of lines and parallel planes, and local dimensions of extracted features GB/T 19022 Measurement management system measurement process and measurement equipment requirements GB /Z 20308 Product Geometry Technical Specification (GPS) Master Plan GB/T 24635.3 Product Geometrical Specification (GPS) Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) Technology for determining measurement uncertainty Part. Applying a calibrated workpiece or standard part GB /Z 24637.1 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Generic Concepts Part 1. Geometric specification and verification mode GB /Z 24637.2 Product Geometrical Specifications (GPS) General Concepts Part 2. Basic principles, specifications, operational sets and inaccuracies Degree ISO 1101(E) Product Geometric Specifications (GPS) Geometric tolerance shape, orientation, position and runout tolerance (Geometrical Productspecifications(GPS)-Geometricaltolerancing-Tolerancesofform,orientation,location Andrun-out) ISO 5459(E) Product Geometrical Specification (GPS) Geometric Tolerance Benchmark and Benchmark System (Geometricalproductspeci- Fications(GPS)-Geometricaltolerancing-Datumsanddatumsystems)

3 Terms and definitions

GB/T 18780.1, GB/T 18780.2, GB /Z 24637.1, GB /Z 24637.2, GB/T 17851, GB/T 4249 and The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 16671 apply to this document. For ease of use, the following is a list of GB/T 18780.1, Some terms and definitions in GB /Z 24637.1, GB /Z 24637.2, GB/T 17851. 3.1 Component integralfeature Lines on the face and face. [GB/T 18780.1-2002, definition 2.1.1] Note. GB/T 18780.1-2002 also specifies terms such as nominal components, actual (composition) elements, extracted components, and fitted components. 3.2 Export feature derivedfeature A center point, center line, or center plane obtained from one or several components. [GB/T 18780.1-2002, definition 2.1.2] Note. GB/T 18780.1-2002 also specifies the nominal export elements, extraction and export elements, and fitting and exporting elements. 3.3 Size element featureofsize A geometry determined by a linear or angular dimension of a certain size. Note. Dimensional elements can be cylindrical, spherical, two parallel planes, conical or wedge shaped. [GB/T 18780.1-2002, definition 2.2] 3.4 Azimuth element situationfeature A point, line, plane, or spiral class element that determines the direction and/or position of a feature. [GB /Z 24637.1-2009, definition 3.26] 3.5 Datum feature datumfeature The actual (composition) element on the part that is used to establish the baseline and actually act as a reference (eg, an edge, a surface, or a hole). [GB/T 17851-2010, definition 3.5] 3.6 Analog reference element simulateddatumfeature The actual surface used to create the datum and contact the actual datum element during processing and inspection with sufficient accuracy (eg one Plate, a support, a mandrel or benchmark target, etc.). [GB/T 17851-2010, definition 3.6] 3.7 Operation operation A specific method of obtaining feature or feature values and their nominal and limit values. [GB /Z 24637.1-2009, definition 3.20] 3.8 Evaluation evaluation The operation used to determine the eigenvalues, nominal values, and their limits. [GB /Z 24637.1-2009, definition 3.8] 3.9 Fitting element associatedfeature The ideal element established by a non-ideal surface model or actual surface by a fitting operation. [GB /Z 24637.1-2009, definition 3.1] 3.10 Operation set operator Operator operator An ordered set of operations. [GB /Z 24637.2-2009, definition 3.3.1] 3.11 Specification operation specificationoperation Use only mathematical expressions, geometry, algorithms, or a combination thereof to clarify the operations that are expressed. [GB /Z 24637.2-2009, definition 3.2.1] Note. The default specification operation, specific specification operation and actual specification operation are also specified in GB /Z 24637.2-2009. 3.12 Inspection operation verification operation The operation of the measurement process and/or the implementation process of the measuring instrument specified by the actual specification operation. [GB /Z 24637.2-2009, definition 3.2.5] Note. The ideal inspection operation, the actual inspection operation and the simplified inspection operation are also specified in GB /Z 24637.2-2009. 3.13 Specification operation set specificationoperator An ordered set of specification operations. [GB /Z 24637.2-2009, definition 3.3.3] Note. GB /Z 24637.2-2009 also specifies the complete specification operation set, incomplete specification operation set, default specification operation set, specific specification operation set and real Inter-standard operation set. 3.14 Verification operation set verificationoperator An ordered set of inspection operations. [GB /Z 24637.2-2009, definition 3.3.9] Note. The ideal inspection operation set, simplified inspection operation set and actual inspection operation set are also specified in GB /Z 24637.2-2009. 3.15 Uncertainty Characterizing a parameter that is reasonably assigned to a predetermined value or associated value, associated with a predetermined value or associated value. [GB /Z 24637.2-2009, definition 3.4.1] Note. GB /Z 24637.2-2009 also specifies measurement uncertainty, specification uncertainty, correlation uncertainty, method uncertainty, and measurement instrument uncertainty. Degree, compliance uncertainty and total uncertainty.

4 related symbols

See Appendix A for the relevant symbols and descriptions in the engineering drawings and technical documents that may be involved in geometric error detection and verification.

5 General regulations

5.1 Geometric errors include. shape error, direction error, position error and runout. The corresponding geometric tolerance items and symbols are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Geometric tolerance items and symbols Tolerance type tolerance project bullet Shape tolerance Straightness Flatness Roundness Cylindricity Line profile Contour Directional tolerance Parallelism Verticality Slope Line profile Contour Position tolerance Position Concentricity Concentricity Symmetry Line profile Contour Bounce tolerance Round beating Full beating 5.2 Geometric error detection and verification process mainly includes. --- Confirm the geometric tolerance specifications in the engineering drawings and/or technical documents; --- Develop and implement inspection and verification specifications or inspection operation sets (see Appendix B for geometric error detection for geometric error detection) See Appendix C) for verification schemes; ---Assessing measurement uncertainty (see Chapter 9); --- Conformity assessment of measurement results (see Chapter 10). 5.3 Engineering drawings and/or technical documents are the basis for the development of inspection operations. If the engineering drawings or technical documents are not accurately specified or standardized The inspection operation content is incomplete, and the inspection party and the inspection party should reach a consensus on the interpretation and response measures of the engineering drawings and/or technical documents. 5.4 Develop a set of actual inspection operations according to the specification operation set, and prepare a measurement process specification document (ie, inspection and verification specifications), and the measurement process The specifications include. measurement methods, measurement conditions, and measurement procedures. Note. The measurement process specification document can be formulated with reference to GB/T 19022. 5.5 In the process of detecting and verifying geometric errors, the evaluation, expression and management specifications of measurement uncertainty are described in Chapter 9. 5.6 According to the actual test operation set, the measurement results are obtained. The measurement results should include the geometric error measurement value and the measurement uncertainty. press Compliance is assessed by the compliance of the measurement results with the geometric tolerance specifications, see Chapter 10.

6 Detection conditions

6.1 Test conditions shall be specified in the test and verification specifications. In practice, all factors that deviate from the specified conditions and may affect the measurement results The prime should be considered in the measurement uncertainty assessment. 6.2 The default detection conditions for geometric error detection and verification are. ---Standard temperature is 20 ° C; ---The standard measuring force is 0N. 6.3 If the measurement environment's cleanliness, humidity, gravity of the device under test, etc. affect the measurement results, the measurement uncertainty shall be evaluated. consider. 6.4 Geometric error detection and verification, unless otherwise specified, the effects of surface roughness, scratches, scratches, sag and other appearance defects should be excluded outer.

7 Geometric error and its assessment

7.1 Shape error and its evaluation 7.1.1 Shape error The shape error is the amount of change of the extracted element of the measured element to its ideal element. The shape of the ideal element is theoretically the correct size or/and Parametric equation definition, the position of the ideal element is obtained by fitting the extracted elements of the measured element. Minimum area method C (Chebyshev method), least squares method G, minimum external method N and maximum inscribed method X, etc., related symbols in engineering drawings or technical documents And the description refers to Appendix A, Table A.1; if there is no corresponding symbol on the engineering drawing, the fitting method for obtaining the ideal element position is generally The default is the minimum area method, and the minimum area discrimination method is shown in Appendix D. Note 1. The minimum area method and the least square method are classified into three cases according to different constraints. unconstrained (symbols are C and G) and extra-element constraints (symbol is CE) And GE) and intra-entity constraints (symbols for CI and GI). Note 2. The parameters available for the evaluation of the shape error value are. peak-to-valley parameter (T), peak height parameter (P), valley depth parameter (V) and root mean square parameter (Q), in which the peak and valley parameters The number (T) is the default evaluation parameter. Example. Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 show three different roundness pattern labeling examples and explanations. In Figure 1, the method of obtaining the ideal element position and the shape error The evaluation parameters of the difference are all based on the default labeling. The specification requires the minimum area method to fit the position of the ideal element. The peak-valley parameter T is used as the evaluation parameter. number. In Fig. 2, the symbol G indicates that the fitting method for obtaining the position of the ideal element adopts the least square method, and the evaluation parameter of the shape error value adopts the default labeling and evaluation. The parameter is the peak-to-valley parameter T. In Fig. 3, the symbol G indicates that the fitting method for obtaining the position of the ideal element adopts the least square method, and the symbol V indicates the value of the shape error value. The estimated parameter is the valley depth parameter. a) drawing label b) explanation Figure 1 Roundness pattern labeling and explanation a) drawing label b) explanation Figure 2 Roundness pattern labeling and explanation a) drawing label b) explanation Figure 3 Roundness pattern labeling and explanation 7.1.2 Minimum area method for shape error assessment The minimum area method refers to the method of fitting the extracted elements of the measured elements to the ideal element position by Chebyshev method (Chebyshev). The method is that the maximum distance of the extracted elements of the measured feature relative to the ideal element is the smallest. Use this ideal element to contain the extracted elements of the measured elements When the minimum width f or the diameter d is contained, the containment area is referred to as a minimum containment area (referred to as a minimum area), as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Note 1. Figure 4 shows the minimum area method for different constraints. unconstrained minimum area method (C), outer area constraint minimum area method (CE) and entity Minimum area method (CI) for inner constraints. Note 2. The width f of the minimum area is equal to the distance between the highest peak point on the measured element and the ideal element (P) and the lowest valley point on the measured element. The sum of the distance values (V) of the primes (T); the diameter d of the smallest region is equal to twice the maximum distance from the point on the measured element to the ideal element. Note 3. In general, the shape of the smallest area of each shape error item is consistent with the shape of the respective tolerance band, but the width (or diameter) is extracted from the measured The hormone itself determines. a) Unconstrained (C) b) Out-of-inner constraint (CE) c) In-constrained constraint (CI) Figure 4 Minimum area method under different constraints Figure 5 The shape error value is the diameter of the smallest containment area. 7.2 Directional error and its assessment 7.2.1 Direction error The direction error is the amount of variation of the extracted element of the measured element to the ideal element with a certain direction, and the direction of the ideal element is determined by the reference (and The theoretical correct size) is determined. Note. When the direction tolerance value is followed by the maximum intrinsic ( ), minimum external ( ), least square ( ), minimum area ( ), paste ( ) and other symbols, It is the directional tolerance requirement of the fitting element of the measured element, otherwise it refers to the directional tolerance requirement of the measured element itself. Example. Figure 6 is an example and explanation of the parallelism requirements for the attached features. The symbol indicates that this specification is the directional tolerance requirement for the fitted features of the measured feature. In the range of the measured length of the upper surface, the fitting element (or filtering element) of the measured element is fitted by the fitting method to obtain the fitting element of the measured element (ie. paste The cut factor) has a parallelism tolerance value of 0.1 mm with respect to the reference element A. a) drawing label b) explanation Figure 6 Parallelism requirements for the attached features 7.2.2 Evaluation of direction error The direction error value is represented by the width or diameter of the directional minimum containment area (referred to as the directional minimum area). The minimum orientation area is used by Benchmarks and theories The correct size determines the direction of the ideal element to contain the extracted elements of the measured feature, the package with the smallest width f or diameter d The area is shown in Figure 7. Note. The orientation minimum area shape of each direction error item is consistent with the shape of the respective tolerance band, but the width (or diameter) is determined by the measured extraction element itself. Decide. a) The error value is the width of the smallest area b) The error value is the diameter of the smallest area Figure 7 Directed minimum area 7.3 Position error and its assessment 7.3.1 Position error The position error is the amount of change of the extracted element of the measured element to the ideal element with the determined position, and the position of the ideal element is determined by the reference The theory is correctly sized. Note. When the position tolerance value is followed by the maximum intrinsic ( ), minimum external ( ), least square ( ), minimum area ( ), paste ( ) and other symbols, Is the position tolerance requirement of the fitting element of the measured element; otherwise, it refers to the position tolerance requirement of the measured element itself. 7.3.2 Assessment of position error The position error value is represented by the width f or the diameter d of the positioning minimum containment area (referred to as the minimum positioning area). The minimum location is Refers to the minimum width f or diameter when the extracted elements of the measured element are contained in the ideal element that determines the position by the reference and the theoretical correct size. The containment area of d is shown in Figure 8. Note. The minimum area shape of each position error item is consistent with the shape of the respective tolerance band, but t...

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