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GB/T 18876.1-2024: Standard practice for determining the metallographical constituent and inclusion content of steels and other metals by automatic image analysis - Part 1: Determining the inclusion or second-phase constituent content of steels and other metals by automatic
Status: Valid GB/T 18876.1: Evolution and historical versions
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Standard practice for determining the metallographical constituent and inclusion content of steels and other metals by automatic image analysis - Part 1: Determining the inclusion or second-phase constituent content of steels and other metals by automatic
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GB/T 18876.1-2024
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| GB/T 18876.1-2002 | English | 369 |
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Standard practice for determining the metallographic constituent and inclusion content of steels and other metals by automatic image analysis -- Part 1: Determining the inclusion or second-phase constituent content of steels and other metals by automatic
| Valid |
GB/T 18876.1-2002
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 18876.1-2024 (GB/T18876.1-2024) | | Description (Translated English) | Standard practice for determining the metallographical constituent and inclusion content of steels and other metals by automatic image analysis - Part 1: Determining the inclusion or second-phase constituent content of steels and other metals by automatic | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | H24 | | Word Count Estimation | 16,129 | | Date of Issue | 2024-08-23 | | Date of Implementation | 2024-08-23 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 18876.1-2024: Standard practice for determining the metallographical constituent and inclusion content of steels and other metals by automatic image analysis - Part 1: Determining the inclusion or second-phase constituent content of steels and other metals by automatic
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ICS 77.040.01
CCSH24
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 18876.1-2002
Application of automated image analysis to determine the
Standard test methods for metallographic structure, inclusion content and grade
Part 1.Inclusions or
Image analysis and stereological determination of the second phase tissue content
Published on August 23, 2024, implemented on March 1, 2025
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of Contents
Preface III
Introduction IV
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Symbols 2
5 Test method overview 3
6 Device 3
7 Sampling 3
8 Sample preparation 4
9 Calibration 4
10 Step 4
11 Calculation of results 6
12 Test Report 8
13 Precision and Bias 9
Foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting.
This document is a follow-up to GB/T 18876 “Determination of metallographic structure, inclusion content and grade in steel and other metals by automatic image analysis”.
Part 1 of "Quasi-Test Method". GB/T 18876 has published the following parts.
--- Part 1.Image analysis and stereological determination of inclusion or second phase content in steel and other metals;
--- Part 2.Image analysis and stereological determination of inclusion levels in steel;
--- Part 3.Image analysis and stereological determination of carbide levels in steel.
This document replaces GB/T 18876.1-2002 "Determination of metallographic structure and inclusion content in steel and other metals by automatic image analysis"
Standard test methods for inclusion and grade determination in steel and other metals - Part 1.Image analysis and stereological determination of inclusion or second phase content in steel and other metals
Compared with GB/T 18876.1-2002, in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
a) Added an overview of the method of detecting inclusions using scanning electron microscopy (see Chapter 5);
b) "interference" has been deleted (see Chapter 7 of the.2002 edition);
c) Added the requirements of high resolution and high storage capacity of image acquisition system, and the requirement of self-designed interface in software system.
Seek (see Chapter 6);
d) The sampling requirements for inclusions have been modified (see 7.2, 9.2 of the.2002 edition);
e) Added sampling requirements for other second phase structures (see 7.3);
f) Deleted the test specimen (see Chapter 10 of the.2002 edition);
g) Added the standards for sample preparation requirements (see 8.1, 11.1 of the.2002 edition);
h) The provisions on heat treatment, choice of fixture or mounting, and corrosion in specimen preparation have been deleted (see 11.4, 11.5,
11.6 and 11.7);
i) Added the standards for equipment calibration requirements (see Chapter 9, 12.1 of the.2002 edition);
j) Deleted the requirements for light source adjustment and illumination level setting and the instructions for threshold value setting (see 12.2 and 12.3 of the.2002 edition);
k) The specific requirements for specimen placement in the microscope have been deleted (see 13.1.1 of the.2002 edition);
l) Added provisions for the selection of magnification and field size when setting up the microscope (see 10.1.2);
m) The requirement that inclusions can be measured by total value has been deleted (see 13.2.2 of the.2002 edition);
n) Added illustration of typical movement path of the stage (see 10.3);
o) The calculation formula (6) for the expanded uncertainty with a coverage probability of 95% has been changed, and Table 2 has been added (see 11.3, 14.3 of the.2002 edition).
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Steel Standardization (SAC/TC183).
The drafting units of this document. Daye Special Steel Co., Ltd. and Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Research Institute.
The main drafters of this document. Zhao Yongqiu, Ji Xiao, Liu Dan, and Feng Chengcheng.
This document was first published in.2002 and this is the first revision.
Introduction
This document focuses on the problem of how to obtain stereological data when reliable statistical data are difficult to obtain for the features being measured.
Since the distribution of foreign inclusions is accidental and unpredictable, this method cannot be used to evaluate foreign inclusions.
The size of an object can be measured directly.
When casting metal or deformed metal with low density is tested for oxides, looseness and micro-shrinkage pores may be mistaken for oxides.
Therefore, this method is not suitable for oxide assessment of the above materials. Sulfides are easy to distinguish from pores and can usually be distinguished by
This method measures.
GB/T 18876 Standard test method for determination of metallographic structure, inclusion content and grade in steel and other metals by automated image analysis
The Law consists of three parts.
--- Part 1.Image analysis and stereological determination of inclusion or second phase content in steel and other metals.
Detailed procedures for image analysis and stereological determination of inclusion or second phase content in steel and other metals.
--- Part 2.Image analysis and stereological determination of inclusion levels in steel. The purpose is to establish image analysis and stereological determination of inclusion levels in steel.
Detailed procedures for analysis and stereological measurements.
--- Part 3.Image analysis and stereological determination of carbide levels in steel. The purpose is to establish image analysis and stereological determination of carbide levels in steel.
Detailed procedures for analysis and stereological measurements.
Application of automated image analysis to determine the
Standard test methods for metallographic structure, inclusion content and grade
Part 1.Inclusions or
Image analysis and stereological determination of the second phase tissue content
1 Scope
This document specifies the use of automated image analysis for the stereological determination of the basic morphological features of intrinsic inclusions in steel and other metals.
method.
This document is applicable to the determination of intrinsic inclusions in steel and also to the determination of discrete second phase structures in any metallic material.
Note 1.This method only uses stereological methods and image analysis measurement methods to measure the average internal inclusions or other second phase structures on the polished surface of the longitudinal specimen.
If inclusions or other second phase structures are twisted or otherwise oriented due to deformation, the information obtained from the plane cannot provide three-dimensional information.
Such information research requires measurements on three mutually perpendicular planes and is not within the scope of this test method.
Note 2.Second phase structure in this document refers to the component different from the matrix. Discrete phase refers to the phase in which fine particles are distributed in a dispersed form in the metal.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
GB/T 10561 Determination of non-metallic inclusions in steel - Grading chart microscopic examination method
GB/T 13298 Metal microstructure inspection methods
GB/T 18876.2 Standard test for determination of metallographic structure, inclusion content and grade in steel and other metals using automated image analysis
Methods Part 2.Image analysis and stereological determination of inclusion levels in steel
GB/T 30067 Metallographic Terminology
GB/T 30834 Evaluation and statistics of non-metallic inclusions in steel - Scanning electron microscopy method
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 10561 and GB/T 30067 and the following apply to this document.
3.1
Stereological method
A method to infer or describe three-dimensional microstructural features by measuring two-dimensional cross-sections.
3.2
Gray level
The color range of the non-color between black and white displayed on the terminal screen is an important parameter of the detected feature.
It is not only a reflection of its own characteristics, but is also affected by factors such as light source, optical path and image acquisition.
3.3
Threshold setting thresholdsetting
The range of the grayscale value displayed by a tissue in the microscope field is set to convert the original gray image or color image
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