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GB/T 18216.12-2025: Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V AC and 1 500 V DC - Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures - Part 12: Power metering and monitoring devices(PMD)
Status: Valid GB/T 18216.12: Evolution and historical versions
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Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V AC and 1 500 V DC - Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures - Part 12: Power metering and monitoring devices(PMD)
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GB/T 18216.12-2025
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| GB/T 18216.12-2010 | English | 1334 |
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Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1000 V a.c. and 1500 V d.c. -- Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures -- Part 12: Performances measuring and monitoring devices (PMD)
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GB/T 18216.12-2010
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PDF similar to GB/T 18216.12-2025
Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 18216.12-2025 (GB/T18216.12-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V AC and 1 500 V DC - Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures - Part 12: Power metering and monitoring devices(PMD) | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | N20 | | Classification of International Standard | 17.220.20 | | Word Count Estimation | 106,188 | | Date of Issue | 2025-01-24 | | Date of Implementation | 2025-08-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 18216.12-2025: Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V AC and 1 500 V DC - Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures - Part 12: Power metering and monitoring devices(PMD)
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 17.220.20
CCSN20
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 18216.12-2010
AC 1000V and DC 1500V and below
Electrical safety of low voltage power distribution system
Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring protective measures
Part 12.Power measuring and monitoring devices (PMD)
(IEC 61557-12.2021, IDT)
Published on January 24, 2025, implemented on August 1, 2025
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of Contents
Preface VII
Introduction IX
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 2
3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3
3.1 General terms 3
3.2 Definitions related to uncertainty and performance 5
3.3 Definitions related to electrical phenomena 8
3.4 Definitions related to measurement technology 10
3.5 Symbols 10
4 Requirement 12
4.1 General requirements 12
4.2 General structure of PMD 12
4.3 Classification of PMD 12
4.4 Structure of PMD 13
4.5 List of applicable performance levels14
4.6 PMD working conditions and reference conditions 15
4.7 Starting conditions 18
4.8 PMD functional requirements 18
4.9 General Mechanical Requirements 39
4.10 Safety requirements 39
4.11 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements 40
4.12 Input and/or Output 40
5 Marking and instructions for use 42
5.1 General requirements 42
5.2 Sign 42
5.3 Instructions for use, installation and maintenance 42
6 Test 44
6.1 General requirements 44
6.2 PMD type test 44
6.3 Routine test 52
Appendix A (Informative) Applications of metrology, measurement and monitoring 53
A.1 Applications on the demand side and supply side 53
A.2 Relationship between applications, devices and standards 53
Appendix B (Informative) Definition of Electrical Parameters 55
B.1 Overview 55
B.2 Definition when there is a midline 55
B.3 Power measurement using the dual wattmeter method in a three-phase three-wire system 59
B.4 Additional relations for sinusoidal voltages 60
Appendix C (informative) Conventions for power factor symbols 61
C.1 General requirements 61
C.2 Power Factor Convention (Consumer Perspective) 61
C.3 Power Factor Convention (Producer's Perspective) 62
Appendix D (Normative) Definitions of minimum, maximum, peak and demand 63
D.1 Demand 63
D.2 Peak demand 64
D.3 Three-phase average value 64
D.4 Maximum and minimum values 64
Appendix E (Informative) Intrinsic uncertainty, operating uncertainty 65
E.1 Overview 65
E.2 Calculation of operating uncertainty 65
Appendix F (informative) Recommended sensor levels for different types of PMD 67
F.1 Comprehensive considerations 67
F.2 Implementation of active power and energy measurement by PMD in conjunction with external current sensors and/or voltage sensors
Physical condition 67
F.3 List of functions affected by external sensor uncertainty 67
Appendix G (Informative) Concept of Measurement Uncertainty 69
G.1 Comprehensive considerations 69
G.2 Calculation of expanded uncertainty 69
G.3 Determination of measurement uncertainty 70
G.4 Using measurement uncertainty as a pass/fail criterion 71
Annex H (Normative) Requirements for the power measurement and monitoring function (PMF) and requirements for embedded power measurement and monitoring functions
Additional requirements for equipment (EPMF) 73
H.1 Scope 73
H.2 Normative references 73
H.3 Terms, definitions and symbols 74
H.4 Requirements for PMF and additional requirements for EPMF 74
H.5 Logo and instructions for use 77
H.6 Test 78
Appendix I (Informative) Potential new requirements from the IEC 62053-2× series of standards 81
I.1 Scope81
I.2 Future requirements for active power (P) and active energy (Ea) measurements 81
I.3 Future requirements for reactive power (Q) and active energy (Er) measurements 87
References 90
Figure 1 PMD universal measurement chain 12
Figure 2 Description of different types of PMD14
Figure 3 Relationship between ambient air temperature and humidity17
Figure 4 Waveform of the test of odd harmonics affecting active power measurement 46
Figure 5 Spectral content of odd harmonics in active power measurement test 46
Figure 6 Waveform of the influence of intermediate harmonics in active power measurement 47
Figure 7 Spectral content of intermediate harmonics in active power measurement 47
Figure 8 Common mode voltage impact test 48
Figure 9 Harmonic impact test waveform of frequency measurement 49
Figure A.1 A brief overview of supply-side and demand-side measurement applications 53
Figure B.1 Arithmetic and vector apparent power in the sinusoidal case 59
Figure B.2 Three-phase circuit without neutral line 59
Figure C.1 Power factor formatting from the consumer's perspective 61
Figure C.2 Power factor convention from the producer's perspective 62
Figure D.1 Thermal current demand 63
Figure D.2 Fixed interval 64
Figure D.3 Sliding interval 64
Figure E.1 Different types of uncertainty 65
Figure E.2 Flowchart for determining operational uncertainty 66
Figure G.1 Concept of measurement uncertainty 71
Figure G.2 Overview of uncertainty test procedure 72
Figure H.1 EPMF architecture example 75
Table 1 Functional classification of PMD with minimum required functions 13
Table 2 Structure of PMD13
Table 3 List of applicable performance levels14
Table 4 Test reference conditions 15
Table 5 Rated operating temperature of portable equipment 16
Table 6 Rated operating temperature of fixed installation equipment 16
Table 7 Relative humidity and altitude working conditions 17
Table 8 Intrinsic uncertainty of active power and active energy Table 19
Table 9 Influence of active power and active energy measurement 19
Table 10 Minimum test cycle 21
Table 11 Starting current for active power and active energy measurement 21
Table 12 Intrinsic uncertainty of reactive power and reactive energy measurement Table 22
Table 13 Influence on reactive power and reactive energy measurement 22
Table 14 Minimum test cycle 23
Table 15 Starting current for reactive energy measurement 24
Table 16 Intrinsic uncertainty of apparent power and apparent energy measurement Table 24
Table 17 Influence of apparent power and apparent energy measurement 25
Table 18 Intrinsic uncertainty of frequency measurement Table 26
Table 19 Influence of frequency measurement 26
Table 20 Specified measurement range for phase current measurement 27
Table 21 Specified measurement ranges for neutral current (calculated or measured) 27
Table 22 Intrinsic uncertainty of phase current measurement Table 27
Table 23 Intrinsic uncertainty of measured neutral current Table 28
Table 24 Calculated inherent uncertainty of neutral current Table 28
Table 25 Influence on the measurement of phase current and neutral current 28
Table 26 Specified measurement range for voltage root mean square (RMS) measurement 29
Table 27 Intrinsic uncertainty of voltage root mean square (RMS) measurement Table 29
Table 28 Influence of voltage root mean square value (RMS) measurement 29
Table 29 Intrinsic uncertainty of power factor measurement Table 30
Table 30 Intrinsic uncertainty of flicker measurement Table 31
Table 31 Rated operating range for voltage sag and swell measurements 33
Table 32 Intrinsic uncertainty of voltage sag and swell measurements Table 33
Table 33 Influencing quantities for sag and swell measurements
Table 34 Intrinsic uncertainty of voltage interruption measurement Table 34
Table 35 Intrinsic uncertainty of transient overvoltage measurement Table 35
Table 36 Intrinsic uncertainty of voltage unbalance measurement Table 36
Table 37 Specified measurement ranges for harmonic voltage measurement 36
Table 38 Intrinsic uncertainty of harmonic voltage measurement Table 36
Table 39 Intrinsic uncertainty of voltage THDu or THD-Ru measurement Table 37
Table 40 Intrinsic uncertainty of current unbalance measurement Table 37
Table 41 Specified measurement range for harmonic current measurement 38
Table 42 Intrinsic uncertainty of harmonic current measurement Table 38
Table 43 Intrinsic uncertainty of current THDi and THD-Ri measurement Table 38
Table 44 PMD minimum IP requirements 39
Table 45 PMD Specification Table 43
Table 46 Standardized attribute template 43
Table A.1 Main measurement applications 54
Table B.1 Symbol Definition 55
Table B.2 Calculation definition of electrical parameters 56
Table C.1 Power factor symbol convention from the consumer's perspective 61
Table C.2 Power factor sign convention from the producer's perspective 62
Table F.1 PMDSD associated with current sensor or PMDDS associated with voltage sensor or PMDSD associated with voltage and current sensor
Associated PDMSS 67
Table F.2 List of functions affected by external sensor uncertainty 68
Table G.1 Correction factor C(N) for sample size N 70
Table H.1 List of devices that can be embedded in EPMF 74
Table H.2 Classification of functions with minimum required functions PMF 75
Table H.3 Structure of EPMF 76
Table H.4 Current values according to EPMF type 77
Table H.5 EPMF Specification Table 78
Table I.1 Future inherent uncertainty table 81 for active power and active energy measurements > 0.5 level
Table I.2 Future inherent uncertainty table 82 for active power and active energy measurements ≤ 0.5 level
Table I.3 Limits of percentage error change caused by influencing quantities for levels > 0.5 82
Table I.4 Limits of percentage error change caused by influence quantities for ≤0.5 level 84
Table I.5 Future inherent uncertainty table for reactive power and reactive energy measurements 87
Table I.6 Limits of percentage error change caused by influencing quantities 87
Foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting.
This document is the standard for electrical safety protection measures for low voltage power distribution systems with an AC voltage of 1000V and a DC voltage of 1500V and below.
Part 12 of "Test, Measuring or Monitoring Equipment". GB/T 18216 has published the following parts.
--- Part 1.General requirements;
--- Part 2.Insulation resistance;
--- Part 3.Loop impedance;
--- Part 4.Grounding resistance and equipotential grounding resistance;
--- Part 5.Resistance to earth;
--- Part 6.Effectiveness of residual current devices (RCD) in TT, TN and IT systems;
--- Part 7.Phase sequence;
--- Part 8.Insulation monitoring devices in IT systems;
--- Part 9.Insulation fault location equipment in IT systems;
--- Part 10.Combined measuring equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring protective measures;
--- Part 11.Effectiveness of residual current monitors (RCM) in TT, TN and IT systems;
--- Part 12.Power measurement and monitoring devices (PMD).
This document replaces GB/T 18216.12-2010 "Electrical safety of low voltage power distribution systems with AC 1000V and DC 1500V and below"
Test, measuring or monitoring equipment for protective measures Part 12.Electric quantity measuring and monitoring devices (PMD)" and GB/T 18216.12-
Compared with.2010, in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
--- Added requirements for power measurement and monitoring functions (PMF) in the scope and requirements for devices with embedded power measurement and monitoring functions
The additional requirements for the EPMF (see Chapter 1) and the specific terms are given (see Appendix H);
--- PMD-A was deleted because GB/T 39853 series of national standards mainly covers this type of device;
--- Added three PMD categories and gave the minimum functional requirements for each category (see 4.3).
This document is equivalent to IEC 61557-12.2021 "Electrical safety standards for low voltage power distribution systems up to 1000 V AC and 1500 V DC"
Test, measuring or monitoring equipment for complete protective measures - Part 12.Electrical quantity measuring and monitoring devices (PMD)".
The following minimal editorial changes were made to this document.
--- Correct the sign of the total harmonic distortion rate of the root mean square value of current in 3.5.1 from "THD_R" to "THD_Ri";
---Correct the units in Table 24, Table 32, Table 33, Table 34, Table 38, Table 39, Table 40, Table 42 and Table 43 to %.
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Electrical Instruments (SAC/TC104).
This document was drafted by. Zhejiang Chint IoT Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin Electrical Instrument Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Kelu Electronics
Technology Co., Ltd., State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center, Heilongjiang Province Electrical Instruments Engineering Technology Research Center Co., Ltd.
Company, Socomec Electric (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Sifei Electric Co., Ltd., Yantai Dongfang Weston Electric Co., Ltd.
Ningbo Canaan Intelligent Electric Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Hongxing Zhilian Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao Qiancheng Technology Co., Ltd., Hualike
Technology Co., Ltd., State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center, Beijing ABB Low Voltage Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd., China Southern Power Grid Digital Grid
Group Co., Ltd., China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. Ultra-high Voltage Transmission Company, Jiangsu Kaowanhong Electronics Co., Ltd., Qingdao Dingxintong
Co., Ltd., Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd. Measurement Center, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Huaneng Huaiyin Second Power Generation Co., Ltd.
Company, Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd. Technical Supervision Center, State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company Urban Power Supply Company, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company,
China Electric Equipment Shandong Electronics Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Chentai Technology Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Xinlian Instrument Co., Ltd., State Grid Anhui Provincial Electric Power
Fuyang Power Supply Company of Power Co., Ltd., Zhongnan United Electric Co., Ltd., State Grid Digital Technology Holdings Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Shilong Electric Technology Co., Ltd.
Ltd., Tianjin Dongquan Petroleum Technology Development Co., Ltd., Ningbo Jiguan Intelligent Technology Development Co., Ltd., Xi'an Qidian Energy Co., Ltd.
Limited company.
The main drafters of this document are. Ding Zhen, Chen Wenxin, Han Guiju, Zhang Dengqing, Cheng Yingying, Yao Wenbo, Wang Huiwu, Ye Jianhua, Xu Wenzhuan, Fu Peng,
Zhang Enyou, Li Keguang, Liang Zulong, Zeng Shitu, Li Ruichao, Fan Zhen, He Ziang, Wen Caiquan, Zhu Kao, Diao Ruipeng, Pan Feng, Shen Xin, Yang Yang, Wei Liguo,
Li Bo, Guo Feng, Bao Chengjia, Zhu Deliang, Wang Taofeng, Zhao Xinshi, Song Siyang, Zheng Qingyun, Han Xiao, Feng Weitong, Ma Weidong, Zhou Yi, and Liu Weizeng.
This document was first published in.2010 and this is the first revision.
Introduction
IEC 60364-6 specifies the initial testing, continuous monitoring and commissioning of electrical installations in TN, TT or IT systems.
In addition to specifying the general criteria for carrying out these tests, IEC 60364-6 also includes the
Only in a few cases, such as when measuring insulation resistance, does IEC 60364-6 include the measurement equipment used.
Circuit diagrams given as examples in IEC 60364-6 and referenced in the main body of the document are generally not applicable to
Actual use.
When dangerous voltages are present in electrical installations, or when equipment is used improperly or is damaged, testing can easily cause accidents.
Therefore, technicians need to rely on measuring devices that ensure the safety of the measuring method in addition to simplifying the measurement.
Applying the general rules for safety of electrical and electronic measuring equipment (IEC 61010-1) to perform protective measures testing is not sufficient in itself.
Measurements during power installation may cause harm not only to the technicians but also to third parties due to different measurement methods.
Similarly, in order to obtain an objective assessment of the equipment, for example, periodic testing, continuous insulation monitoring or
In the case of performance assurance, an important prerequisite is to obtain reliable and comparable measurement results using measuring devices from different manufacturers.
GB/T 18216 Test Method for Electrical Safety Protection Measures for Low Voltage Distribution Systems with AC 1000V and DC 1500V and Below
The purpose of the "Testing, Measuring or Monitoring Equipment" is to provide uniform principles for compliance with the above characteristics. These principles apply to nominal voltage AC
Measuring and monitoring equipment for electrical safety tests and performance tests in systems with 1000V and DC 1500V and below. GB/T 18216
It is planned to consist of 17 parts.
--- Part 1.General requirements. The purpose is to establish the low voltage distribution system with nominal voltage AC 1000V and DC 1500V and below
General requirements for test equipment used for measuring and monitoring electrical safety in systems.
--- Part 2.Insulation resistance. The purpose is to establish the insulation resistance of equipment and electrical installation equipment in the non-excited state.
Relevant requirements for resistance equipment.
--- Part 3.Loop impedance. The purpose is to establish the measurement between the line conductor and the protective conductor, between the line conductor and the neutral conductor, or between the two
Requirements for loop impedance equipment between line conductors.
--- Part 4.Ground resistance and equipotential ground resistance. The purpose is to establish the ground conductor of the measuring equipment, the protective ground conductor and
And related requirements for the resistance of equipotential bonding conductors.
--- Part 5.Earth resistance. The purpose is to establish the relevant requirements for measuring equipment using AC voltage to measure earth resistance.
--- Part 6.Effectiveness of residual current devices (RCD) in TT, TN and IT systems. The purpose is to establish the effectiveness of residual current devices (RCD) in TT, TN and IT systems.
Requirements for measuring equipment for the effectiveness of protective measures taken by residual current devices in TN and IT systems.
--- Part 7.Phase sequence. The purpose is to establish the requirements for measuring equipment used to test the phase sequence of three-phase distribution systems.
--- Part 8.Insulation monitoring devices in IT systems. The purpose is to establish relevant requirements for insulation monitoring devices in IT systems.
--- Part 9.Insulation fault location equipment in IT systems. The purpose is to establish the relevant
About requirements.
--- Part 10.Combined measuring equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring protective measures. The purpose is to establish within a device
Combined measurement that combines several measurement functions or test methods that conform to the individual parts of this series of standards
Equipment requirements.
--- Part 11.Effectiveness of residual current monitors (RCM) in TT, TN and IT systems. The purpose is to establish
Requirements for equipment for testing the effectiveness of residual current monitors (RCM) installed in power distribution systems.
--- Part 12.Electricity measurement and monitoring devices (PMD). The purpose is to establish a comprehensive system for measuring and monitoring electrical parameters in power distribution systems.
Relevant requirements for combined electrical quantity measuring and monitoring devices.
--- Part 13.Hand-held and hand-operated current clamps and sensors for measuring leakage current in distribution systems.
Requirements for hand-held and hand-operated current clamps and sensors for measuring leakage current in systems.
--- Part 14.Equipment for testing the safety of electrical equipment of machinery. The purpose is to specify the equipment for testing the safety of electrical equipment of machinery
Special requirements for equipment.
--- Part 15.Functional safety requirements for insulation monitoring devices and insulation fault location equipment in IT systems. The purpose is to specify
Functional safety requirements for insulation monitoring devices and insulation fault location equipment in IT systems.
--- Part 16.Equipment for testing the effectiveness of protective measures for electrical equipment and/or medical electrical equipment. The purpose is to specify the test
Particular requirements for equipment to ensure the effectiveness of protective measures for electrical equipment and/or medical electrical equipment.
--- Part 17.Non-contact AC voltage indicator. The purpose is to specify the minimum performance of non-contact AC voltage indicators
Require.
AC 1000V and DC 1500V and below
Electrical safety of low voltage power distribution system
Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring protective measures
Part 12.Power measuring and monitoring devices (PMD)
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for the measurement and monitoring of various electrical quantities by power measurement and monitoring devices (PMD) within the power distribution system, and optionally
These requirements also specify single-phase and three-phase rated voltages up to 1000V AC or 1500V DC
Performance of PMD in AC or DC power distribution systems.
These devices may be fixed mounted or portable and are intended for use indoors and/or outdoors.
The power measuring and monitoring devices (PMD) specified in this document provide additional safety information to assist in the verification and
Improve the performance of your power distribution systems.
In addition, this document specifies the requirements for measurement functions specifically used to measure and monitor various electrical parameters, referred to as electrical quantity measurement and monitoring functions.
(PMF), can be embedded in devices that are not PMDs and whose main function is not power measurement and monitoring (EPMF).
Annex H describes the requirements for the power measurement and monitoring function (PMF) and the embedded power measurement and monitoring function (EPMF) device.
Additional requirements.
This document describes a power measurement and monitoring device (PMD) for measuring and monitoring electrical parameters, suitable for general industrial and commercial
application.
Power measurement and monitoring devices (PMDs) can be associated with sensing devices, such as but not limited to those conforming to the IEC 64869 series of standards.
Instrument transformer or sensor according to IEC 60688.
This document does not address functional safety and cyber security aspects.
This document does not apply to.
--- Electrical measuring equipment conforming to IEC 62053-21, IEC 62053-22, IEC 62053-23 and IEC 62053-24;
---Measurement and monitoring of electrical parameters defined in IEC 61557-2~IEC 61557-9 and IEC 61557-13 or IEC 62020-1;
--- Power quality meters conforming to IEC 62586 (all parts);
--- Direct acting analogue indicating electrical measuring instruments and accessories conforming to IEC 60051 (all parts).
Note 1.Typically, this type of equipment is used for the following applications or for the following general needs.
--- Internal facility energy management, e.g. promoting documents such as ISO 50001 and IEC 60364-8-1;
---Various electrical parameter measurements and/or monitoring;
---Power quality measurement and/or monitoring within commercial/industrial facilities.
Note 2.An electrical parameter measurement and monitoring device usually consists of several functional modules. All or some of the functional modules are combined in one device.
Examples of energy modules are as follows.
---Measure and monitor several electrical appliances simultaneously;
---Energy measurement and/or monitoring, sometimes in compliance with building code requirements;
---Various alarm functions;
---Power quality on the demand side (current harmonics and voltage harmonics, overvoltage/undervoltage, voltage sag and swell, etc.).
Note 3.PMD has historically been called power meter, power monitor, power monitoring device, power monitoring device, power analyzer, multi-function meter, multi-function
Measuring equipment, energy meters.
Note 4.Metering, measurement and monitoring applications are described in Appendix A.
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